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Hematology/oncology Clinics of North... Jun 2020
Topics: Dendritic Cells; Disease Management; Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Myeloproliferative Disorders
PubMed: 32336426
DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2020.02.011 -
Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology Feb 2019
Topics: Dendritic Cells; Humans
PubMed: 29727728
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.04.015 -
Nature Reviews. Immunology Jan 2015The past 15 years have seen enormous advances in our understanding of the receptor and signalling systems that allow dendritic cells (DCs) to respond to pathogens or... (Review)
Review
The past 15 years have seen enormous advances in our understanding of the receptor and signalling systems that allow dendritic cells (DCs) to respond to pathogens or other danger signals and initiate innate and adaptive immune responses. We are now beginning to appreciate that many of these pathways not only stimulate changes in the expression of genes that control DC immune functions, but also affect metabolic pathways, thereby integrating the cellular requirements of the activation process. In this Review, we focus on this relatively new area of research and attempt to describe an integrated view of DC immunometabolism.
Topics: Animals; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Intracellular Space; Mitochondria; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 25534620
DOI: 10.1038/nri3771 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2016Exploitation of the patient's own immune system to induce antitumor immune responses using dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy has been established in early clinical...
Exploitation of the patient's own immune system to induce antitumor immune responses using dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy has been established in early clinical trials as a safe and promising therapeutic approach for cancer. However, their limited success in larger clinical trials highlights the need to optimize DC vaccine preparations. This chapter describes the methodologies utilized for the preparation of the DC vaccine most commonly used in clinical trials. Optional variations at different stages in DC vaccine preparation, based on the nature of antigen, delivery of antigen, maturation stimuli, and mode of administration for DC vaccines, are also presented for consideration as these are often dependent on the disease setting, desired immune response, and/or resources available.
Topics: Cancer Vaccines; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Separation; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cytokines; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immunotherapy
PubMed: 27076166
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3387-7_44 -
Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology Feb 2019The critical functions of dendritic cells (DCs) in immunity and tolerance have been demonstrated in many animal models but their non-redundant roles in humans are more... (Review)
Review
The critical functions of dendritic cells (DCs) in immunity and tolerance have been demonstrated in many animal models but their non-redundant roles in humans are more difficult to probe. Human primary immunodeficiency (PID), resulting from single gene mutations, may result in DC deficiency or dysfunction. This relatively recent recognition illuminates the in vivo role of human DCs and the pathophysiology of the associated clinical syndromes. In this review, the development and function of DCs as established in murine models and human in vitro systems, discussed. This forms the basis of predicting the effects of DC deficiency in vivo and understanding the consequences of specific mutations on DC development and function. DC deficiency syndromes are associated with heterozygous GATA2 mutation, bi-allelic and heterozygous IRF8 mutation and heterozygous IKZF1 mutation. The intricate involvement of DCs in the balance between immunity and tolerance is leading to increased recognition of their involvement in a number of other immunodeficiencies and autoimmune conditions. Owing to the precise control of transcription factor gene expression by super-enhancer elements, phenotypic anomalies are relatively commonly caused by heterozygous mutations.
Topics: Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Immunity; Syndrome
PubMed: 29452225
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.02.020 -
Annual Review of Immunology Apr 2017Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the skin include dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages. They are highly dynamic, with the capacity to enter skin... (Review)
Review
Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the skin include dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages. They are highly dynamic, with the capacity to enter skin from the peripheral circulation, patrol within tissue, and migrate through lymphatics to draining lymph nodes. Skin APCs are endowed with antigen-sensing, -processing, and -presenting machinery and play key roles in initiating, modulating, and resolving cutaneous inflammation. Skin APCs are a highly heterogeneous population with functionally specialized subsets that are developmentally imprinted and modulated by local tissue microenvironmental and inflammatory cues. This review explores recent advances that have allowed for a more accurate taxonomy of APC subsets found in both mouse and human skin. It also examines the functional specificity of individual APC subsets and their collaboration with other immune cell types that together promote adaptive T cell and regional cutaneous immune responses during homeostasis, inflammation, and disease.
Topics: Animals; Antigen Presentation; Antigen-Presenting Cells; Cell Movement; Dendritic Cells; Homeostasis; Humans; Inflammation; Langerhans Cells; Lymphocyte Activation; Macrophages; Mice; Monocytes; Skin; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 28226228
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-051116-052215 -
International Review of Cell and... 2019In addition to direct cell-to-cell contact, dendritic cells (DCs) can regulate the onset of adaptive immunity through the secretion of nano-sized membrane structures,... (Review)
Review
In addition to direct cell-to-cell contact, dendritic cells (DCs) can regulate the onset of adaptive immunity through the secretion of nano-sized membrane structures, called extracellular vesicles (EVs). This novel mode of communication between cells has added a new layer of complexity to the regulation of immune responses. DCs secrete into their environment different types of EVs containing immunomodulatory molecules that have distinct structural and biochemical properties depending on their intracellular site of origin. Exosomes are generated inside multivesicular bodies and are secreted when these compartments fuse with the plasma membrane, whereas microvesicles are formed and released by budding from the cells' plasma membrane. Once outside the cell of origin, these vesicles can reach target cells through membrane receptor-ligand interactions, modifying their physiological state by the transfer of the EV content or by triggering cell signaling at the cells' surface. Particularly, EVs released by DCs contain major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules able to activate cognate T cells and promote humoral responses. These activities motivated the use of DC-derived EVs in the treatment of cancer, infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders. The therapeutic potential of these vesicles led to the use of EVs from tumor antigen-loaded DCs in cancer clinical trials, although with limited clinical effects. In this review we will focus on the different EVs released by DCs, their composition and biogenesis, together with their proposed functions as immune regulators.
Topics: Animals; Dendritic Cells; Extracellular Vesicles; Humans
PubMed: 31759432
DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.08.005 -
Current Opinion in Immunology Jun 2020The skin is inhabited by several immune cell populations that serve as a first line of defence against pathogen invasion. Amongst these populations are dendritic cells,... (Review)
Review
The skin is inhabited by several immune cell populations that serve as a first line of defence against pathogen invasion. Amongst these populations are dendritic cells, which play an essential sentinel function by taking up antigen or infectious agents and transporting them to the lymph node for T cell recognition and the priming of immune responses. In this review, we briefly summarise recent advances showing how skin dendritic cells are connected to a network of epithelial and stromal cells, which provide structural support, growth factors, spatial cues, contact with the external environment and the skin microbiome, and favour interactions with other immune cells. We propose that this network creates a unique skin environment that may condition dendritic cell phenotype and function.
Topics: Dendritic Cells; Humans; Langerhans Cells; Lymph Nodes; Microbiota; Skin
PubMed: 32387901
DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.03.006 -
Immunology Letters Apr 2021
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Biomarkers; Cytokines; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immune System; Immunologic Factors
PubMed: 33609612
DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.02.004 -
Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology Feb 2019The ability of immune therapies to control cancer has recently generated intense interest. This therapeutic outcome is reliant on T cell recognition of tumour cells. The... (Review)
Review
The ability of immune therapies to control cancer has recently generated intense interest. This therapeutic outcome is reliant on T cell recognition of tumour cells. The natural function of dendritic cells (DC) is to generate adaptive responses, by presenting antigen to T cells, hence they are a logical target to generate specific anti-tumour immunity. Our understanding of the biology of DC is expanding, and they are now known to be a family of related subsets with variable features and function. Most clinical experience to date with DC vaccination has been using monocyte-derived DC vaccines. There is now growing experience with alternative blood-derived DC derived vaccines, as well as with multiple forms of tumour antigen and its loading, a wide range of adjuvants and different modes of vaccine delivery. Key insights from pre-clinical studies, and lessons learned from early clinical testing drive progress towards improved vaccines. The potential to fortify responses with other modalities of immunotherapy makes clinically effective "second generation" DC vaccination strategies a priority for cancer immune therapists.
Topics: Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 29454038
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.02.015