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Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2015As the most potent antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) are pivotal players in regulating immune responses. DC-based technologies have generated a series of... (Review)
Review
As the most potent antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) are pivotal players in regulating immune responses. DC-based technologies have generated a series of typical and promising therapeutic options, especially after the first DC-based cancer vaccine was approved by US. Food and Drug Administration (US. FDA). In this context, this paper employs patents and citation networks to conduct a fundamental analysis in order to show overall landscape of DC-based technologies. The results in this research can be used as references for decision-making in developing efficacious DC therapeutic products.
Topics: Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immunotherapy; Patents as Topic
PubMed: 25714961
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1008857 -
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical... Jul 2021
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; Biomarkers; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immunophenotyping
PubMed: 33651141
DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03572-z -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells that bridge innate and adaptive immune responses. Multiple cell types, including DCs, rely on cellular metabolism to... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells that bridge innate and adaptive immune responses. Multiple cell types, including DCs, rely on cellular metabolism to determine their fate. DCs substantially alter cellular metabolic pathways during activation, such as oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism, which have crucial implications for their functionality. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent progress in DC metabolic studies, focusing on how metabolic reprogramming influences DC activation and functionality and the potential metabolic differences among DC subsets. Improving the understanding of the relationship between DC biology and metabolic regulation may provide promising therapeutic targets for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Topics: Humans; Dendritic Cells; Glycolysis; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Immunity; Inflammation
PubMed: 36969180
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1140749 -
Annual Review of Immunology 2015The observation that a subset of cancer patients show evidence for spontaneous CD8+ T cell priming against tumor-associated antigens has generated renewed interest in... (Review)
Review
The observation that a subset of cancer patients show evidence for spontaneous CD8+ T cell priming against tumor-associated antigens has generated renewed interest in the innate immune pathways that might serve as a bridge to an adaptive immune response to tumors. Manipulation of this endogenous T cell response with therapeutic intent-for example, using blocking antibodies inhibiting PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed death-1/programmed death ligand 1) interactions-is showing impressive clinical results. As such, understanding the innate immune mechanisms that enable this T cell response has important clinical relevance. Defined innate immune interactions in the cancer context include recognition by innate cell populations (NK cells, NKT cells, and γδ T cells) and also by dendritic cells and macrophages in response to damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Recent evidence has indicated that the major DAMP driving host antitumor immune responses is tumor-derived DNA, sensed by the stimulator of interferon gene (STING) pathway and driving type I IFN production. A deeper knowledge of the clinically relevant innate immune pathways involved in the recognition of tumors is leading toward new therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
Topics: Animals; Antigen-Presenting Cells; Complement System Proteins; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immune System; Immunity, Innate; Immunotherapy; Ligands; Macrophage Activation; Macrophages; Microbiota; Neoplasms; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 25622193
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032414-112043 -
Journal of Dermatological Science Jul 2016Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) correspond to a specialized dendritic cell population that exhibit plasma cell morphology, express CD4, CD123, HLA-DR, blood-derived... (Review)
Review
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) correspond to a specialized dendritic cell population that exhibit plasma cell morphology, express CD4, CD123, HLA-DR, blood-derived dendritic cell antigen-2 (BDCA-2), and Toll-like receptor (TLR)7 and TLR9 within endosomal compartments. Through their production of type I interferons (IFNs) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines, pDCs provide anti-viral resistance and link the innate and adaptive immunity by controlling the function of myeloid DCs, lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells. While lacking from normal skin, pDCs are usually recruited to the skin in several cutaneous pathologies where they appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of several infectious, inflammatory/autoimmune, and neoplastic entities. Among the latter group, pDCs have the potential to induce anti-tumour immunity; however, the complex interaction of pDCs with tumor cells and their micro-environment appears to contribute to immunologic tolerance. In this review, we aim at highlighting the role played by pDCs in cutaneous malignancies with special emphasis on the underlying mechanisms.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Cytokines; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Immunity, Innate; Skin Neoplasms; Toll-Like Receptor 7; Toll-Like Receptor 9
PubMed: 27236509
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.05.008 -
Journal of Leukocyte Biology Jul 2016Membrane nanotubes, also termed tunneling nanotubes, are F-actin-based structures that can form direct cytoplasmic connections and support rapid communication between... (Review)
Review
Membrane nanotubes, also termed tunneling nanotubes, are F-actin-based structures that can form direct cytoplasmic connections and support rapid communication between distant cells. These nanoscale conduits have been observed in diverse cell types, including immune, neuronal, stromal, cancer, and stem cells. Until recently, little was known about the mechanisms involved in membrane nanotube development in myeloid origin APCs or how membrane nanotube networks support their ability to bridge innate and adaptive immunity. New research has provided insight into the modes of induction and regulation of the immune process of "reticulation" or the development of multicellular membrane nanotube networks in dendritic cells. Preprogramming by acute type 1 inflammatory mediators at their immature stage licenses mature type 1-polarized dendritic cells to reticulate upon subsequent interaction with CD40 ligand-expressing CD4(+) Th cells. Dendritic cell reticulation can support direct antigen transfer for amplification of specific T cell responses and can be positively or negatively regulated by signals from distinct Th cell subsets. Membrane nanotubes not only enhance the ability of immature dendritic cells to sense pathogens and rapidly mobilize nearby antigen-presenting cells in the peripheral tissues but also likely support communication of pathogen-related information from mature migratory dendritic cells to resident dendritic cells in lymph nodes. Therefore, the reticulation process facilitates a coordinated multicellular response for the efficient initiation of cell-mediated adaptive immune responses. Herein, we discuss studies focused on the molecular mechanisms of membrane nanotube formation, structure, and function in the context of immunity and how pathogens, such as HIV-1, may use dendritic cell reticulation to circumvent host defenses.
Topics: Animals; Antigen Presentation; Cell Membrane; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Nanotubes
PubMed: 26931578
DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4VMR0915-395R -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Aug 2023Traditionally, vaccines have helped eradication of several infectious diseases and also saved millions of lives in the human history. Those prophylactic vaccines have... (Review)
Review
Traditionally, vaccines have helped eradication of several infectious diseases and also saved millions of lives in the human history. Those prophylactic vaccines have acted through inducing immune responses against a live attenuated, killed organism or antigenic subunits to protect the recipient against a real infection caused by the pathogenic microorganism. Nevertheless, development of anticancer vaccines as valuable targets in human health has faced challenges and requires further optimizations. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen presenting cells (APCs) that play essential roles in tumor immunotherapies through induction of CD8 T cell immunity. Accordingly, various strategies have been tested to employ DCs as therapeutic vaccines for exploiting their activity against tumor cells. Application of whole tumor cells or purified/recombinant antigen peptides are the most common approaches for pulsing DCs, which then are injected back into the patients. Although some hopeful results are reported for a number of DC vaccines tested in animal and clinical trials of cancer patients, such approaches are still inefficient and require optimization. Failure of DC vaccination is postulated due to immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), overexpression of checkpoint proteins, suboptimal avidity of tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-specific T lymphocytes, and lack of appropriate adjuvants. In this review, we have an overview of the current experiments and trials evaluated the anticancer efficacy of DC vaccination as well as focusing on strategies to improve their potential including combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
Topics: Animals; Humans; Antigens, Neoplasm; Cancer Vaccines; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Dendritic Cells; Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment; Vaccination
PubMed: 37257227
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114954 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells, unique to initiate and coordinate the adaptive immune response. In pigs, conventional DCs (cDCs),... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells, unique to initiate and coordinate the adaptive immune response. In pigs, conventional DCs (cDCs), plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), and monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) have been described in blood and tissues. Different pathogens, such as viruses, could infect these cells, and in some cases, compromise their response. The understanding of the interaction between DCs and viruses is critical to comprehend viral immunopathological responses. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the most important respiratory pathogen in the global pig population. Different reports support the notion that PRRSV modulates pig immune response in addition to their genetic and antigenic variability. The interaction of PRRSV with DCs is a mostly unexplored area with conflicting results and lots of uncertainties. Among the scarce certainties, cDCs and pDCs are refractory to PRRSV infection in contrast to moDCs. Additionally, response of DCs to PRRSV can be different depending on the type of DCs and maybe is related to the virulence of the viral isolate. The precise impact of this virus-DC interaction upon the development of the specific immune response is not fully elucidated. The present review briefly summarizes and discusses the previous studies on the interaction of derived bone marrow (bm)- and moDCs, and isolated cDCs, pDCs, and moDCs with PRRSV1 and 2.
Topics: Animals; Antigen Presentation; Antigens, Viral; Bone Marrow; Dendritic Cells; Forecasting; Monocytes; Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome; Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus; Swine; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Viral Vaccines; Virulence
PubMed: 34394113
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.712109 -
International Reviews of Immunology 2022An increasing number of researches have shown that cell metabolism regulates cell function. Dendritic cells (DCs), a professional antigen presenting cells, connect... (Review)
Review
An increasing number of researches have shown that cell metabolism regulates cell function. Dendritic cells (DCs), a professional antigen presenting cells, connect innate and adaptive immune responses. The preference of DCs for sugar or lipid affects its phenotypes and functions. In many diseases such as atherosclerosis (AS), diabetes mellitus and tumor, altered glucose or lipid level in microenvironment makes DCs exert ineffective or opposite immune roles, which accelerates the development of these diseases. In this article, we review the metabolism pathways of glucose and cholesterol in DCs, and the effects of metabolic changes on the phenotype and function of DCs. In addition, we discuss the effects of changes in glucose and lipid levels on DCs in the context of different diseases for better understanding the relationship between DCs and diseases. The immune metabolism of DCs may be a potential intervention link to treat metabolic-related immune diseases.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Dendritic Cells; Glucose; Humans; Lipids; Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 33792460
DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1897124 -
F1000Research 2018Dendritic cells (DCs) play an essential role in the induction of adaptive immune responses against infectious agents and in the generation of tolerance to self-antigens.... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells (DCs) play an essential role in the induction of adaptive immune responses against infectious agents and in the generation of tolerance to self-antigens. In this mini-review, we summarize new evidence suggesting that the tissue of residence significantly shapes the last developmental steps of DCs into locally adapted cellular entities, enabling them to perform tissue-specific tasks while maintaining the core DC properties. We also discuss recent advances that have highlighted DCs' rather complex phenotypic and functional heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment, based on their physical characteristics, such as activation status, maturity, and polarization, illustrating a key role for DCs in the induction of anti-tumor immunity.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Animals; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Phenotype; Self Tolerance; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 30345015
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14793.1