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Journal of the American Academy of... Mar 2023
Topics: Humans; Adaptation, Psychological; Patients
PubMed: 35341889
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.03.035 -
International Journal of Nursing Studies Sep 2019To provide a comprehensive integrative review of research literature on 1) the coping strategies that are reported by adult family members following admission of their... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To provide a comprehensive integrative review of research literature on 1) the coping strategies that are reported by adult family members following admission of their adult loved ones to the intensive care unit (ICU), 2) identify which coping strategies are associated with psychological response during this stressful experience, and 3) the factors that are associated with coping strategies.
DATA SOURCES
Electronic databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and EMBASE; reference lists of journal publications.
REVIEW METHODS
A total of 643 citations or abstracts were initially screened for content relevance, 15 were included in the integrative review, including 7 quantitative, 3 qualitative and 5 mixed methods studies. Included studies were all conducted in the hospital intensive care unit.
RESULTS
Coping approaches such as self-distraction appear to be associated with lower psychological distress, and avoidant coping and denial associated with increased psychological distress including traumatic stress symptoms. Factors including social support, gender, age, relationship with the patient, decision maker role, and prior ICU experience can influence coping by family members. Uncertainty of the patient's prognosis and recovery heightens the intensity of the emotional response experienced by family members. Such family members appear at increased risk for experiencing depressive symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
From the studies reviewed, it is unclear if coping approaches employed by family members mediate psychological responses such as anxiety and depressive symptoms, or whether coping is a response to psychological stress experienced following hospitalisation of their relative. Future research should focus on the relationship between coping and psychological, physiological and health related behaviours in family members following ICU admission that might contribute towards transient increased health risk during this time. Additionally, future research should explore potential interventions to modify coping and promote family well-being following hospitalisation.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Critical Illness; Family; Hospitalization; Humans; Inpatients
PubMed: 31132688
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.04.016 -
The American Journal of Medicine Apr 2021
Topics: Brazil; COVID-19; Communication; Denial, Psychological; Humans; Periodicals as Topic; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33561430
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2021.01.003 -
Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik,... Jun 2024In the following casuistry, a denied advanced pregnancy was discovered during the diagnosis of an oncological disease. Faced with a life-threatening condition, the...
In the following casuistry, a denied advanced pregnancy was discovered during the diagnosis of an oncological disease. Faced with a life-threatening condition, the patient urged late termination of the pregnancy and was introduced to psychological counselling in order to find a viable and ethically justifiable solution. Strategies for crisis intervention and supportive approaches in the patient's care as well as interdisciplinary collaboration are presented and discussed.
PubMed: 38885657
DOI: 10.1055/a-2322-8408 -
Psycho-oncology Jul 2023This study was conducted to determine the relationship between religious attitudes and spirituality levels of geriatric oncology patients and their psychological...
AIM
This study was conducted to determine the relationship between religious attitudes and spirituality levels of geriatric oncology patients and their psychological reactions to cancer.
METHODS
The sample consisted of 261 geriatric oncology patients who were inpatients in oncology and hematology clinics of a university hospital. The research was conducted between 30 July 2020 and 26 January 2022. Data were collected using the Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) scale, the Ok-Religious Attitude (ORA) scale, and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-being (FACIT-SP) scale. The effect of the ORA scale and FACIT-SP scale scores on the MAC scale were analyzed using path analysis.
RESULTS
A positive relationship was found between Spiritual Well-Being and Fighting (β = 0.028, p < 0.001) and Anxious Anticipation (β = 0.024, p < 0.001); a negative relationship was found between Fatalism (β = -0.023, p < 0.001), Helplessness/Hopelessness (β = -0.04, p < 0.001) and Denial/Avoidance (β = -0.026; p < 0.001). A positive relationship was found between Religious Attitude and Fighting Spirit (β = 0.154, p = 0.009) and Anxious Anticipation (β = 0.231, p < 0.001), while a negative relationship was found between Religious Attitude and Despair/Hopelessness (β = -0.413, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Patients' religious attitudes and spiritual well-being levels affected their psychological reactions to cancer, increased their "fighting spirit" and their "anxious preoccupation" about the disease, and decreased their helplessness/hopelessness, fatalism, denial and avoidance.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Spirituality; Adaptation, Psychological; Spiritual Therapies; Neoplasms; Attitude
PubMed: 37062928
DOI: 10.1002/pon.6144 -
Archives of Environmental &... Sep 2017
Topics: Denial, Psychological; Humans; Judgment; Knowledge; Mythology; Philosophy; Public Opinion; Science; Trust
PubMed: 28353410
DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2017.1312987 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Dec 2022Strategies to mitigate dishonesty have met with limited success, leading behavioral ethics scholars to call for a deeper understanding of the psychological mechanisms... (Review)
Review
Strategies to mitigate dishonesty have met with limited success, leading behavioral ethics scholars to call for a deeper understanding of the psychological mechanisms underlying dishonesty. In this article, I introduce a conceptual framework, DENIAL, that identifies four fundamental mechanisms, or justifications, which provide people a rationale to consider themselves as ethical while acting unethically. I derive these justifications from a review of scholarship within cognate fields, drawing on Moral Disengagement Theory and Neutralization Theory. I identify the victim (they Deserve it), the situation (I blame my Environment), the harm (I cause No Injury), and the social relationship (I have other ALlegiances) as fundamental justifications for dishonesty. I discuss how future mitigation strategies might harness these justifications to improve their efficacy.
Topics: Humans; Deception; Morals
PubMed: 36103803
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101456 -
International Journal of Clinical and... 2021The main aim of this study was to compare coping strategies in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients and a healthy control group during COVID-19 lockdown and to...
UNLABELLED
The main aim of this study was to compare coping strategies in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients and a healthy control group during COVID-19 lockdown and to analyze the relationship with some variables which may influence results (depression, anxiety, comorbidity, subtype of obsession-compulsion).
METHOD
There were 237 participants, 122 OCD and 115 healthy controls, aged 17-61 years old ( = 33.48, = 11.13).
RESULTS
Groups showed differences in the use of some adaptive strategies (positive reinterpretation, acceptance, humor) and maladaptive (denial, self-blame). Within obsessive-compulsive group, comorbidity affected the greater use of inappropriate strategies (denial, substance abuse and self-blame) while type of obsession-compulsion did not influence use. Anxiety and depression levels were related to the use of less adaptive strategies.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings strengthen the need for training in the use of effective and adaptive coping strategies, making it necessary to improve clinical follow-up of these patients. It is relevant to be in contact with healthcare professionals, review medication and observe the anxiety and depression levels.
PubMed: 33519939
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2021.100223 -
Disability and Rehabilitation Dec 2018The development of post-traumatic growth was studied longitudinally within 14 months poststroke. The predictions of two models of post-traumatic growth were examined.
PURPOSE
The development of post-traumatic growth was studied longitudinally within 14 months poststroke. The predictions of two models of post-traumatic growth were examined.
METHOD
Forty-three stroke survivors were investigated at two time points (i.e., time 1 and time 2), six months apart. Each completed the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory, Rumination Scale, Impact of Events Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Social Support, the Barthel Index and the COPE scale.
RESULTS
Post-traumatic growth was evident four to five months after stroke, increasing significantly over the next six months at which point levels resembled those reported in cross-sectional stroke studies. Active and denial coping and rumination at time 1 were positively associated, and age was negatively associated, with post-traumatic growth at time 2, but acceptance coping was not associated. Neither active coping nor rumination mediated the effect of social support on post-traumatic growth as predicted. As predicted, rumination mediated the relationship between post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth. Exploratory stepwise regression demonstrated rumination and active coping at time 1 accounted for 45% of variance in post-traumatic growth at time 2.
CONCLUSIONS
Post-traumatic growth can develop soon after stroke. Deliberate rumination is a key factor in post-traumatic growth. Both active coping and denial coping were associated with post-traumatic growth demonstrating the psychological complexity of poststroke adjustment. Implications for rehabilitation Therapists can expect stroke survivors to show post-traumatic growth in the first months after stroke. Therapists should look to promote post-traumatic growth and positive adjustment through working with survivors to increase active coping (attempts to deal effectively with the impact of stroke) and rumination (cognitive processing of the impact of the stroke). Since denial coping was also associated with posttraumatic growth, stroke survivors who maintain overly optimistic views about the severity and impact of their stroke are likely to benefit from therapists continually facilitating capacity for growth and well-being.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Posttraumatic Growth, Psychological; Social Support; Stress, Psychological; Stroke; Stroke Rehabilitation; Survivors
PubMed: 28797177
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1363300 -
The American Journal of Hospice &... Mar 2018Approaching death seems to be associated with physiological/spiritual changes. Trajectories including the physical-psychological-social-spiritual dimension have...
PURPOSE
Approaching death seems to be associated with physiological/spiritual changes. Trajectories including the physical-psychological-social-spiritual dimension have indicated a terminal drop. Existential suffering or deathbed visions describe complex phenomena. However, interrelationships between different constituent factors (e.g., fear and pain, spiritual experiences and altered consciousness) are largely unknown. We lack deeper understanding of patients' inner processes to which care should respond. In this study, we hypothesized that fear/pain/denial would happen simultaneously and be associated with a transformation of perception from ego-based (pre-transition) to ego-distant perception/consciousness (post-transition) and that spiritual (transcendental) experiences would primarily occur in periods of calmness and post-transition. Parameters for observing transformation of perception (pre-transition, transition itself, and post-transition) were patients' altered awareness of time/space/body and patients' altered social connectedness.
METHOD
Two interdisciplinary teams observed 80 dying patients with cancer in palliative units at 2 Swiss cantonal hospitals. We applied participant observation based on semistructured observation protocols, supplemented by the list of analgesic and psychotropic medication. Descriptive statistical analysis and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) were combined. International interdisciplinary experts supported the analysis.
RESULTS
Most patients showed at least fear and pain once. Many seemed to have spiritual experiences and to undergo a transformation of perception only partly depending on medication. Line graphs representatively illustrate associations between fear/pain/denial/spiritual experiences and a transformation of perception. No trajectory displayed uninterrupted distress. Many patients seemed to die in peace. Previous near-death or spiritual/mystical experiences may facilitate the dying process.
CONCLUSION
Approaching death seems not only characterized by periods of distress but even more by states beyond fear/pain/denial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Attitude to Death; Fear; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Palliative Care; Patient Care Team; Spirituality; Switzerland; Terminal Care
PubMed: 28823175
DOI: 10.1177/1049909117725271