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Periodontology 2000 Feb 2017Bone healing around dental implants follows the pattern and sequence of intramembraneous osteogenesis with formation of woven bone first of all followed later by... (Review)
Review
Bone healing around dental implants follows the pattern and sequence of intramembraneous osteogenesis with formation of woven bone first of all followed later by formation of parallel-fibered and lamellar bone. Bone apposition onto the implant surface starts earlier in trabecular bone than in compact bone. While the first new bone may be found on the implant surface around 1 week after installation, bone remodeling starts at between 6 and 12 weeks and continues throughout life. Bone remodeling also involves the bone-implant interface, thus transiently exposing portions of the implant surface. Surface modifications creating micro-rough implant surfaces accelerate the osseointegration process of titanium implants, as demonstrated in numerous animal experiments. Sandblasting followed by acid-etching may currently be regarded as the gold standard technique to create micro-rough surfaces. Chemical surface modifications, resulting in higher hydrophilicity, further increase the speed of osseointegration of titanium and titanium-zirconium implants in both animals and humans. Surface modifications of zirconia and alumina-toughened zirconia implants also have an influence on the speed of osseointegration, and some implant types reach high bone-to-implant contact values in animals. Although often discussed independently of each other, surface characteristics, such as topography and chemistry, are virtually inseparable. Contemporary, well-documented implant systems with micro-rough implant surfaces, placed by properly trained and experienced clinicians, demonstrate high long-term survival rates. Nevertheless, implant failures do occur. A low percentage of implants are diagnosed with peri-implantitis after 10 years in function. In addition, a low number of implants seem to be lost for primarily reasons other than biofilm-induced infection. Patient factors, such as medications interfering with the immune system and bone cells, may be an element contributing to continuous bone loss and should therefore be monitored and studied in greater detail.
Topics: Alveolar Bone Loss; Animals; Bone Remodeling; Bone-Implant Interface; Dental Alloys; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Dental Prosthesis Design; Humans; Osseointegration; Peri-Implantitis; Risk Factors; Surface Properties; Titanium; Wound Healing; Zirconium
PubMed: 28000277
DOI: 10.1111/prd.12179 -
International Journal of Oral Science Feb 2022Various engine-driven NiTi endodontic files have been indispensable and efficient tools in cleaning and shaping of root canals for practitioners. In this review, we... (Review)
Review
Various engine-driven NiTi endodontic files have been indispensable and efficient tools in cleaning and shaping of root canals for practitioners. In this review, we introduce the relative terms and conceptions of NiTi file, including crystal phase composition, the design of the cutting part, types of separation. This review also analysis the main improvement and evolution of different generations of engine-driven nickel-titanium instruments in the past 20 years in the geometric design, manufacturing surface treatment such as electropolishing, thermal treatment, metallurgy. And the variety of motion modes of NiTi files to improve resistance to torsional failure were also discussed. Continuous advancements by the designers, provide better balance between shaping efficiency and resistance to of NiTi systems. In clinical practice an appropriate system should be selected based on the anatomy of the root canal, instrument characteristics, and operators' experience.
Topics: Dental Alloys; Dental Instruments; Equipment Design; Nickel; Root Canal Preparation; Titanium
PubMed: 35181648
DOI: 10.1038/s41368-021-00154-0 -
Brazilian Oral Research Oct 2018The introduction of automated instrumentation in endodontics represented a major advance in progress for this specialty, with improvements in the quality and... (Review)
Review
The introduction of automated instrumentation in endodontics represented a major advance in progress for this specialty, with improvements in the quality and predictability of root canal preparation and a significant reduction in procedural errors. In recent years, endodontic instruments have undergone a series of changes brought about by modifications in design, surface treatments, and thermal treatments. In addition, new movements have also been incorporated to offer greater safety and efficiency, optimizing the properties of the NiTi alloy, especially through eccentric rotary motion. An understanding of the mechanical properties of these new NiTi instruments and their effect on the clinical performance of root canal preparation is essential if dental practitioners are to select the instruments that provide optimal clinical outcomes, especially in curved or flattened canals. The objective of this literature review is to present and discuss the characteristics of the NiTi alloys used in the major instrumentation systems available in the market, as well as the influence of the metallurgical and mechanical properties of NiTi instruments and the movements that drive them, to enable more accurate and predictable planning of root canal preparation.
Topics: Alloys; Dental Alloys; Dental Instruments; Equipment Design; Humans; Root Canal Preparation; Surface Properties
PubMed: 30365608
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0067 -
The Journal of Contemporary Dental... Aug 2023The present systematic review aimed to report the studies concerning the primers in improving bond strength and identifying pertinent primers for a particular dental... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIM
The present systematic review aimed to report the studies concerning the primers in improving bond strength and identifying pertinent primers for a particular dental alloy by adhering to PRISMA precepts.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
PubMed and Semantic Scholar databases were scoured for articles using 10 search terms. studies satisfying the inclusion criteria were probed which were meticulously screened and scrutinized for eligibility adhering to the 11 exclusion criteria. The quality assessment tool for studies (QUIN Tool) containing 12 criteria was employed to assess the risk of bias (RoB).
RESULTS
A total of 48 studies assessing shear bond strength (SBS) and 15 studies evaluating tensile bond strength (TBS) were included in the qualitative synthesis. Concerning SBS, 33.4% moderate and 66.6% high RoB was observed. Concerning TBS, 26.8% moderate and 73.2% high RoB was discerned. Seventeen and two studies assessing SBS and TBS, respectively, were included in meta-analyses.
CONCLUSIONS
Shear bond strength and TBS increased for the primed alloys. Cyclic disulfide primer is best-suited for noble alloys when compared with thiol/thione primers. Phosphoric acid- and phosphonic acid ester-based primers are opportune for base alloys.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The alloy-resin interface (ARI) would fail if an inappropriate primer was selected. Therefore, the selection of an appropriate alloy adhesive primer for an alloy plays a crucial role in prosthetic success. This systematic review would help in the identification and selection of a congruous primer for a selected alloy.
Topics: Databases, Factual; Dental Alloys; Disulfides; Thiones; Dental Cements
PubMed: 38193174
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3514 -
Journal of Prosthodontic Research Jul 2019Titanium and titanium alloys are one of the main metallic materials in the medical and dental fields because of their biocompatibility. In this review, the application... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Titanium and titanium alloys are one of the main metallic materials in the medical and dental fields because of their biocompatibility. In this review, the application of titanium and its alloys as the substitute materials for Ag-Pd-Au alloy in the casting of fixed dental prostheses was examined.
STUDY SELECTION
A reference search was performed through PubMed based on the keywords titanium, titanium alloy, and dental casting. Other relevant references were obtained from the citation in the articles.
RESULTS
The dental casting technology for titanium has already been developed for clinical use, which enables the use of appropriate casting machines and investment materials for titanium and its alloys available commercially. The mechanical properties, castability, and corrosion resistance of titanium and titanium alloys were reported to be comparable or superior to the conventional dental alloys. Clinical researches reported that titanium and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy casings showed suitable quality for clinical application.
CONCLUSION
Titanium and its alloys can be the substitute materials for Ag-Pd-Au alloy, and should be considered worthy of qualifying for the dental insurance coverage.
Topics: Alloys; Dental Alloys; Dental Prosthesis; Materials Testing; Surface Properties; Titanium
PubMed: 31147298
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2019.04.011 -
British Dental Journal Apr 2021
Topics: Dental Alloys; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Brackets
PubMed: 33893403
DOI: 10.1038/s41415-021-2970-7 -
Journal of Prosthodontic Research Jan 2020In recent years, the application of restorations and fixed dental prostheses to molars by computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) with composite... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
In recent years, the application of restorations and fixed dental prostheses to molars by computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) with composite resin has been increasing. Titanium and titanium alloy having a high tissue affinity and good biocompatibility are suitable for cases where CAD/CAM fabrications are inadequate, such as allergic reaction to metal. Many studies have reported methods of production with titanium and titanium alloys. The purpose of this review is to survey the clinical application of titanium and titanium alloy restorations and fixed dental prostheses with various fabrication systems.
STUDY SELECTION
A literature search in PubMed was performed for various fabrication systems of titanium and titanium alloy from 2010 through 2019. The search keywords were "titanium", "titanium alloy", "CAD/CAM", "cast", "fabrication system", "marginal gap", "internal gap", and "clinical performance". Only relevant studies are summarized and discussed in this review.
RESULTS
With any fabrication system, titanium and titanium alloy restorations and fixed dental prostheses fabricated with various systems were within the clinically acceptable ranges of marginal gap and internal fit. Additionally, these restorations were considered to have less effect on the periodontal issues. Although metal-ceramic restoration has clinical performance problems, such as ceramic fracture, fabrications with only titanium and titanium alloy were reported to have good clinical performance.
CONCLUSIONS
Regardless of the fabrication system, titanium and titanium alloy restorations and fixed dental prostheses can be applied clinically. Titanium and titanium alloys are thought to be a promising alternative to the dental metals currently used.
Topics: Alloys; Computer-Aided Design; Dental Marginal Adaptation; Dental Prosthesis Design; Metal Ceramic Alloys; Titanium
PubMed: 31711856
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2019.07.008 -
Australian Dental Journal Mar 2017Adverse effects can arise from the clinical use of orthodontic materials, due to the release of constituent substances (ions from alloys and monomers, degradation... (Review)
Review
Adverse effects can arise from the clinical use of orthodontic materials, due to the release of constituent substances (ions from alloys and monomers, degradation by-products, and additives from polymers). Moreover, intraoral aging affects the biologic properties of materials. The aim of this review is to present the currently identified major adverse effects of the metallic and polymeric components found in orthodontic appliances and materials. Corrosion in metallic orthodontic attachments releases metal ions, mainly iron, chromium, and nickel. The latter has received the greatest attention because of its reported potential for an allergic response. The formation of an oxide layer may inhibit the outward movement of ions, thereby acting as an obstacle for release. Titanium alloys have superior corrosion resistance than stainless steel. The efficiency of polymerisation is considered an essential property for all polymers. A poor polymer network is susceptible to the release of biologically reactive substances, such as bisphenol-A (BPA), which is capable of inducing hormone-related effects. The close proximity of a light-curing tip to the adhesive, pumice prophylaxis after bonding, indirect irradiation and mouth rinsing during the first hour after bonding may decrease BPA release. The adverse effects of some orthodontic materials should be considered during material selection and throughout orthodontic treatment, in order to minimise possible undesirable implications.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Corrosion; Dental Alloys; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Metals, Heavy; Orthodontic Appliances; Phenols
PubMed: 28297095
DOI: 10.1111/adj.12473 -
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics... Aug 2019Nitinol metal alloy that changes shape according to temperature has been in clinical use at select clinics worldwide for the past 2 years and is now released for... (Review)
Review
Nitinol metal alloy that changes shape according to temperature has been in clinical use at select clinics worldwide for the past 2 years and is now released for general use. The Smileloc Abutment and nitinol sleeve enable "cementless," "screwless," crown fastening that saves time and cost with the prospect of replacement of much of the present, sometimes troublesome, anthropic, soon to be anachronistic, technology.
Topics: Alloys; Dental Abutments; Dental Alloys; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; Dental Prosthesis Design; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Humans
PubMed: 31147105
DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2019.03.006 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Aug 2015Dental alloy manufacturers advise against the reuse of previously melted alloy. However, for economic reasons, dental laboratories often reuse the casting surplus (sprue... (Review)
Review
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Dental alloy manufacturers advise against the reuse of previously melted alloy. However, for economic reasons, dental laboratories often reuse the casting surplus (sprue and metal remaining in the crucible former). Such reuse remains a controversial topic in dental practice.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the effects of remelting dental alloys by evaluating the following parameters: reasons for recasting and associated processes, feasible number of recastings, treatment of alloys before recasting and its effects on cytotoxicity, color of opaque porcelain, castability of alloys, marginal accuracy, mechanical properties, porcelain-metal interfaces, and corrosion.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The systematic review included all studies on dental alloy recasting. MEDLINE, Dentistry and Oral Science Source, Science Direct, and ISI Web of Science were searched (up to July 2014). Data were extracted and the quality of studies was assessed.
RESULTS
Thirty-four studies published between 1983 and 2014 were included. The number of recastings ranged from 1 to 10. The percentage of new alloy ranged from 0 to 100 wt%, although the mean value was 50 wt%.
CONCLUSIONS
Evidence for the feasibility of adding 50% new metal at each recasting is limited. The number of recastings should be limited to a maximum of 4. No general test protocol can be deduced from these studies, which limits the comparison and exploitation of data. Furthermore, no consensus protocol exists for the evaluation of recasting. Future studies should work toward establishing a standard protocol.
Topics: Color; Corrosion; Dental Alloys; Dental Casting Technique; Dental Porcelain; Equipment Reuse; Humans; Materials Testing; Mechanical Phenomena; Metal Ceramic Alloys; Surface Properties
PubMed: 25935082
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.02.004