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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023The cementation of indirect restoration is one of the most important steps in prosthetic and restorative dentistry. Cementation aims to bond the prosthetic restoration... (Review)
Review
The cementation of indirect restoration is one of the most important steps in prosthetic and restorative dentistry. Cementation aims to bond the prosthetic restoration to the prepared enamel or enamel and dentine. Successful cementation protocols prevent biofilm formation at the margin between tooth and restoration and minimize mechanical and biological complications. With the advancements in dental cements, they have been modified to be versatile in terms of handling, curing, and bond strengths. This review presents updates on dental cements, focusing on the composition, properties, advantages, limitations, and indications of the various cements available. Currently, dental restorations are made from various biomaterials, and depending on each clinical case, an appropriate luting material will be selected. There is no luting material that can be universally used. Therefore, it is important to distinguish the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of luting materials in order to identify the best options for each case. Nowadays, the most commonly used dental cements are glass-ionomer and resin cement. The type, shade, thickness of resin cement and the shade of the ceramic, all together, have a tangible influence on the final restoration color. Surface treatments of the restoration increase the microtensile bond strength. Hence, the proper surface treatment protocol of both the substrate and restoration surfaces is needed before cementation. Additionally, the manufacturer's instructions for the thin cement-layer thickness are important for the long-term success of the restoration.
Topics: Materials Testing; Resin Cements; Biocompatible Materials; Glass Ionomer Cements; Cementation; Dental Cements; Surface Properties; Composite Resins
PubMed: 36838607
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041619 -
Journal of the American Dental... Aug 2022Grossman described the ideal properties of root canal sealers. The International Organization for Standardization and American National Standards Institute and American... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Grossman described the ideal properties of root canal sealers. The International Organization for Standardization and American National Standards Institute and American Dental Association have codified some of his requirements in ISO 6876 and ANSI/ADA 57, respectively. In this narrative review, the authors combined the ideal Grossman properties and requirements of these standards, emphasizing the newer tricalcium silicate cement sealers. This chemical matrix for such sealers was developed on the basis of the success of bioactive mineral trioxide aggregate-type (tricalcium silicate cement) materials for enhanced sealing and bioactivity.
METHODS
The authors searched the internet and databases using Medical Subject Heading terms and then conducted a narrative review of those articles involving the tricalcium silicate cement endodontic sealers.
RESULTS
Ninety-four articles were identified that discussed tricalcium silicate cement sealers. Tricalcium silicate cement sealers are partially antimicrobial and have bioactivity, which may presage improved biological sealing of the root canal system. Most other properties of tricalcium silicate cement sealers are comparable with traditional root canal sealers.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitations of this review, tricalcium silicate cement endodontic sealers met many of the criteria for ideal properties, such as placement, antimicrobial properties, and bioactivity, but limitations were noted in solubility, dimensional stability (shrinkage and expansion), and retrievability.
PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS
Tricalcium silicate-based cements have been commercialized as bioactive, bioceramic endodontic sealers. Warm, cold, and single-cone obturation techniques are usable, depending on the commercial product. Some sealers can cause discoloration and are not easily retrievable, particularly when used to completely obturate a canal.
Topics: Calcium Compounds; Dental Cements; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Materials Testing; Root Canal Filling Materials; Silicates
PubMed: 35260235
DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2022.01.004 -
Periodontology 2000 Feb 2017A fixed dental prosthesis can be secured to an endosseous implant via cementation (using a provisional or definitive cement) on an implant abutment that is screw... (Review)
Review
A fixed dental prosthesis can be secured to an endosseous implant via cementation (using a provisional or definitive cement) on an implant abutment that is screw retained to the implant or directly in the implant via screw retention. The clinical decision as to which retention system best suits the individual patient depends on several factors. The aim of this review is to present a detailed overview of the factors potentially influencing whether to choose screw retention or cement retention. These factors include the individual indication, advantages and disadvantages of the different retention mechanisms, the retention provided, retrievability, provisionalization, esthetics and clinical performance, including failures and complications. The results of recently published systematic reviews on this topic are discussed and an overview is provided. A decision tree is presented to facilitate the clinical selection of the retention type. This overview concludes that the choice of retention type (screw retained or cement retained) might not influence the overall survival of the implant-supported fixed dental prosthesis, but may be responsible for the development of certain complications. The decision may depend on technical feasibility and on weighing the pros and cons.
Topics: Bone Screws; Dental Cements; Dental Prosthesis Design; Dental Prosthesis Retention; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Esthetics, Dental; Humans
PubMed: 28000276
DOI: 10.1111/prd.12168 -
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative... Oct 2023Currently, a classification of resin cements that includes relatively recently formulated ("universal") cements is lacking. Furthermore, the terminology used to define... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Currently, a classification of resin cements that includes relatively recently formulated ("universal") cements is lacking. Furthermore, the terminology used to define different resin cements in the scientific reports is inconsistent. Accordingly, this work aims to: (i) propose a novel classification of resin composite cements; (ii) disambiguate the term "universal cements" and (iii) present an overview of the properties of these cements.
METHODS
An analysis of peer-reviewed literature (PubMed search), as well as market research on definitive resin composite cements were performed.
RESULTS
A tendency toward simplified and versatile luting materials was observed both in the scientific literature and on the dental market with the advent of self-adhesive/one-step resin cements. However, additional priming procedures were necessary to improve their bonding performance in certain clinical situations. Hence, several cements that can be applied both in adhesive and self-adhesive mode were introduced. These cements are associated with a universal adhesive resin, that can be used as a tooth and/or restorative material primer, without the need for other priming systems, regardless of the substrate. These systems should be considered truly universal. Therefore, we hereby suggested a new classification of resin-based cements: (1) adhesive/multi-step; (2) self-adhesive/one-step; (3) universal cements (one- or multi-step). Despite promising in vitro results, clinical trials and long-track laboratory studies are necessary to confirm the reliability of the universal cements.
CONCLUSIONS
This review presented the current advances in the field of resin-based cements, which are reflected in the proposed classification. The term "universal cement" was disambiguated, which will help standardize the terminology used in published research.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The classification of resin-based cements and a better understanding of the proper terminology will help standardize the terminology in published research, as well as improve the understanding of the clinical practitioners of the different indications and possible modalities of use of the available cements.
Topics: Resin Cements; Reproducibility of Results; Dental Bonding; Materials Testing; Composite Resins; Dental Cements; Surface Properties
PubMed: 36924395
DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13036 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Jul 2023Screwmentable prostheses were developed to combine the benefits of screw retention and cement retention. However, data are limited on the clinical performance of this... (Review)
Review
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Screwmentable prostheses were developed to combine the benefits of screw retention and cement retention. However, data are limited on the clinical performance of this type of prosthesis.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this systematic review was to collect scientific evidence on screwmentable prostheses and evaluate their long-term clinical behavior.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
An electronic search was conducted by 2 independent reviewers for articles published in scientific dental journals in English from 2004 to April 2020. The search strategy followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Inclusion criteria were scientific studies concerning the screwmentable type of prosthesis.
RESULTS
The search provided 494 records. Of these, 24 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The included articles presented significant heterogeneity concerning the manufacturing process and the materials used. One randomized clinical trial, 2 prospective clinical studies, 14 in vitro studies, 3 protocol descriptions, 1 case series, and 3 case reports were included.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the systematic search of the literature, it is concluded that the screwmentable prosthesis combines advantages of both cement-retained and screw-retained restorations, including passive fit, retrievability, excess cement control, tissue-friendly emergence profile, and improved esthetics. Nevertheless, data from well-designed clinical trials are limited, and further research is required to provide evidence on their long-term clinical behavior.
Topics: Dental Implants; Dental Prosthesis Retention; Prospective Studies; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Esthetics, Dental; Dental Cements; Glass Ionomer Cements; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 34740460
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.08.027 -
Dental Clinics of North America Jul 2019Cement-retention is a viable option in restoring dental implants. A wide range of dental cements with different properties are commercially available for use in the... (Review)
Review
Cement-retention is a viable option in restoring dental implants. A wide range of dental cements with different properties are commercially available for use in the cementation of implant prostheses. The selection of a dental cement for proper clinical application can be challenging. This article overviews the commercially available dental cements used in cement-retained implant-supported prostheses. Guidelines for cement selection are presented according to abutment and prosthetic material. Cementation techniques to reduce excess cement in peri-implant tissues are also mentioned.
Topics: Crowns; Dental Cements; Dental Prosthesis Retention; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Materials Testing; Resin Cements; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; Zinc Phosphate Cement
PubMed: 31097143
DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2019.02.014 -
Journal of Veterinary Dentistry Mar 2018This review provides an in-depth comparison of advantages and disadvantages of different types of dental cements as they are used for cementing base metal alloy crowns... (Review)
Review
This review provides an in-depth comparison of advantages and disadvantages of different types of dental cements as they are used for cementing base metal alloy crowns in dogs.
Topics: Animals; Cementation; Crowns; Dental Cements; Dogs
PubMed: 29486681
DOI: 10.1177/0898756418755339 -
Journal of Prosthodontics : Official... Oct 2016Cement-retained implant-supported prostheses are widely used for restoring missing teeth; however, they show some complications in comparison to screw-retained... (Review)
Review
Cement-retained implant-supported prostheses are widely used for restoring missing teeth; however, they show some complications in comparison to screw-retained restorations, such as difficulty in retrieving the restoration and biocompatibility of cement. Therefore, the practitioner should consider several important aspects when using this type of restoration. In this regard, one major concern is appropriate cement selection, with considerations including cement biologic compatibility, methods for limiting the excess cement, ease of removing the excess cement, radiographic view of the cement, and also the possibility of future retrieval of the prosthesis. The aim of this review article was to address most aspects related to this type of prosthesis in terms of cementation.
Topics: Cementation; Dental Cements; Dental Prosthesis Retention; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans
PubMed: 26488150
DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12361 -
The Journal of Evidence-based Dental... Dec 2022To determine the clinical performance of light-cured calcium silicate-based cement for direct or indirect pulp capping. The research question was as follows: in teeth... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
To determine the clinical performance of light-cured calcium silicate-based cement for direct or indirect pulp capping. The research question was as follows: in teeth with deep caries lesions, does the use of resin-modified calcium silicate-containing composites improve the radiological success and prevent irreversible pulpitis and pulpal necrosis compared with other pulp-capping agents?
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The following databases were screened until September 2021: PubMed, Web of Science, Scielo, Scopus, Embase, and The Cochrane Library. Randomized clinical trials reporting the clinical evaluation of a resin-modified calcium silicate material as an agent for pulp therapy were included. Meta-analysis was performed using the Rev Manager v5.4.1 software. The risk difference and 95% confidence interval of the dichotomous outcome (restoration failure or success) were calculated for comparison.
RESULTS
Ten studies were considered for qualitative analysis and meta-analysis. Studies evaluating the performance of light-cured calcium silicate-based cement from 1 month to a maximum follow-up period of 36 months and comparing it with the performance of CaOH, mineral trioxide aggregate, or Biodentine were included. In the global analysis for direct pulp capping at 6-month follow-up, no statistical differences were observed between the experimental group using the light-cured calcium silicate-based cement and control group (P = .28). However, at 12-month follow-up, global analysis favored the control group (P < .001). For indirect pulp capping, at 6- and 24-month follow-ups, no statistically significant differences were observed between the experimental and control groups (P = .88; P = .21).
CONCLUSIONS
Light-cured calcium silicate-based cement showed a limited clinical performance as a direct pulp capping agent, especially when evaluated in the long term. However, using it as an indirect pulp capping agent may be a reliable and easy-to-use option for restoring teeth with deep caries.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
This systematic review provides evidence that supports the use of light-cured calcium silicate-based cement as an indirect pulp capping agent.
Topics: Humans; Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents; Dental Pulp Capping; Silicate Cement; Glass Ionomer Cements; Dental Cements; Composite Resins
PubMed: 36494107
DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2022.101776 -
BioMed Research International 2022Portland cement (PC) is used in challenging endodontic situations in which preserving the health and functionality of pulp tissue is of considerable importance. PC forms... (Review)
Review
Portland cement (PC) is used in challenging endodontic situations in which preserving the health and functionality of pulp tissue is of considerable importance. PC forms the main component of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and demonstrates similar desirable properties as an orthograde or retrograde filling material. PC is able to protect pulp against bacterial infiltration, induce reparative dentinogenesis, and form dentin bridge during the pulp healing process. The biocompatibility, bioactivity, and physical properties of PC have been investigated and in animal models, as well as in some limited clinical trials. This paper reviews Portland cement's structure and its characteristics and reaction in various environments and eventually accentuates the present concerns with this material. This bioactive endodontic cement has shown promising success rates compared to MTA; however, considerable modifications are required in order to improve its characteristics and expand its application scope as a root repair material. Hence, the extensive chemical modifications incorporated into PC composition to facilitate preparation and handling procedures are discussed. It is still important to further address the applicability, reliability, and cost-effectiveness of PC before transferring into day-to-day clinical practice.
Topics: Aluminum Compounds; Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Calcium Compounds; Dental Cements; Drug Combinations; Humans; Oxides; Root Canal Filling Materials; Silicates
PubMed: 35036431
DOI: 10.1155/2022/3314912