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British Dental Journal Feb 2020Background Heart transplants have become a successful treatment for some cardiovascular diseases. To prevent rejection of the transplanted heart, patients have to take... (Review)
Review
Background Heart transplants have become a successful treatment for some cardiovascular diseases. To prevent rejection of the transplanted heart, patients have to take immunosuppressive medication.Aims The aims of this study were to identify and review oral health complications after heart transplantation.Methods The electronic database PubMed was searched for relevant articles. The search yielded 332 papers, of which 24 matched the criteria for this review.Results Gingival hyperplasia was observed in 8.3-67% of the patients. Heart transplant patients who received professional periodontal treatment starting six months after transplantation showed significantly better scores on the Gingival Index (GI) and gingival hyperplasia. In comparison to a control group, heart transplant patients did not differ significantly in the DMF(T) index. The incidence of fungal infection in patients receiving a heart transplant varied between 10% and 25%. Heart transplant patients had a 4.3 times higher chance of developing oral cancer.Conclusion Patients who underwent a heart transplant and subsequently used immunosuppressive medicines appear to have a higher risk of gingival hyperplasia, periodontal conditions, the presence of Candida species and oral malignancies, in comparison to healthy individuals. The association between heart transplants and dental caries was unclear. It is recommended that heart transplant patients receive frequent oral examination and professional dental cleaning.
Topics: DMF Index; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Heart Transplantation; Humans; Oral Health
PubMed: 32060460
DOI: 10.1038/s41415-020-1244-0 -
Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer... Feb 2022Reconstructing plant-based healing treatments of past societies from a dental anthropological perspective is still challenging due to a wide range of plant species, many... (Review)
Review
Dental anthropological report: Exploring plant-based treatments through the analysis of dental calculus and sediment of dental caries in a woman from the Late Preceramic period, Peru.
Reconstructing plant-based healing treatments of past societies from a dental anthropological perspective is still challenging due to a wide range of plant species, many with both medicinal and nutritional properties, and limitations on plant-taxa identification. Starch grains and phytoliths retrieved in samples from dental calculus and sediment contained in the cavity of dental caries were examined to investigate the supply of a plant-based treatment in an individual buried in the Late Preceramic site of Huaca El Paraíso (2100-1500 BCE), whose osteological analysis reported the absence of any pathological condition at a bone tissue level. A variety of starch grains such as pumpkins, manioc, maize, and beans had an important role in the diet of the individual. The starch grains were embedded in their dental calculus, all of which, except for manioc, showed signs of cooking damage. Considering the context and characteristics of the crops, the nutritional properties of maize, pumpkins and beans are evident. However, parallel medicinal properties of manioc and maize could not be entirely denied. Phytoliths morphologically ascribed to the Asteraceae plant family, which suggest the consumption of medicinal plants of Andean vernacular use, were retrieved in the sediment of dental caries. Our results prove that the analysis of sediment obtained from dental caries is as valuable in tracing medicinal plant-based treatments as dental calculus in archaeological populations. There are still several limitations to approach this topic in dental anthropology, which are discussed in this report. The performance of both analyses -dental calculus and sediment of dental caries, is highly recommended.
Topics: Archaeology; Dental Calculus; Dental Caries; Diet; Female; Humans; Peru
PubMed: 34699992
DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151849 -
Research in Veterinary Science Jul 2024Periodontosis is the most common clinical disease in adult dogs, which is mainly caused by plaque accumulation and seriously endangers the oral health of dogs and even...
Periodontosis is the most common clinical disease in adult dogs, which is mainly caused by plaque accumulation and seriously endangers the oral health of dogs and even cause kidney, myocardial, and liver problems in severe cases. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy of dental chew (Cature Brushing Treats product) with mechanical and chemical properties in beagles. The dogs in the experimental group were fed with a dental chew twice a day after meals; The control group had no treatment. Dental plaque was evaluated on the 14th day and 29th day, respectively. The concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) in the breath and dental calculus were also evaluated on the 29th day. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the indexes of dental plaque on the 14th day. While they had significantly reduced accumulation of plaque (37.63%), calculus (37.61%), and VSC concentration (81.08%) compared to when receiving no chew on the 29th day.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Halitosis; Dental Plaque; Dental Calculus; Dog Diseases; Male; Female; Sulfur Compounds
PubMed: 38759349
DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105304 -
Research in Veterinary Science Aug 2016The predominant diet fed to captive carnivores in North America consists of ground meat formulated to provide full nutritional requirements. However, this ground meat...
The predominant diet fed to captive carnivores in North America consists of ground meat formulated to provide full nutritional requirements. However, this ground meat diet completely lacks the mechanical properties (i.e., toughness and hardness) of the foods these animals would consume in the wild. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effect of captivity on oral health by comparing the prevalence of periodontal disease and dental calculus accumulation in wild and captive lions and tigers (Panthera leo and Panthera tigris), and to also correlate oral health with cranial morphology in these specimens. To achieve this, 34 adult lion and 29 adult tiger skulls were scored for the presence and extent of dental calculus and periodontal disease. These oral health scores were also compared to cranial deformations examined in a previous study. We found that the occurrence and severity of calculus buildup and periodontal disease was significantly higher in captive felids compared to their wild counterparts. Further, higher calculus accumulation occurred on the posterior teeth when compared to the anterior teeth, while an opposite trend for periodontal disease was observed. We also found a significant correlation between oral health and cranial morphology of lions and tigers. The results suggest that food mechanical properties are significant factors contributing to oral health in felids.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Zoo; Dental Calculus; Diet; Lions; Oral Health; Periodontal Diseases; Tigers
PubMed: 27473998
DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.06.009 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021Caries is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases worldwide and is driven by the dysbiosis of dental biofilms adhering to tooth surfaces. The pits and fissured...
Caries is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases worldwide and is driven by the dysbiosis of dental biofilms adhering to tooth surfaces. The pits and fissured surfaces are the most susceptible sites of caries. However, information on the taxonomic composition and functional characteristics of the plaque microbiota in the pit and fissure sites is very limited. This study aimed to use metagenomic sequencing analyses to investigate the relationship between the plaque microbiome in the pit and fissure site and caries in adolescents. A total of 20 adolescents with active pit and fissure surface caries were involved as well as 20 age-matched, caries-free teenagers for control tests. Plaque samples were collected from the pit and fissure site and were subjected to metagenomic analyses, in which the microbial communities were investigated. Our results showed that the microbiota diversity was similar between those two groups. At the species level, the relative abundances of , , , , , and were higher in the caries-active group. , , and were relatively more abundant in the caries-free groups. Functional analysis suggested that the metabolic pathway was the most abundant pathway, and the functional traits of the level 2 pathways included amino acid metabolism, metabolism of cofactors, and vitamins and carbohydrate metabolism. Our results also revealed that the caries group displayed several alterations in metabolic pathways, including enriched functions in carbohydrate digestion and absorption. This study suggested that in addition to the specific anatomical structures of the pit and fissured surfaces, the fundamental differences in the plaque microbiome may also be related to the susceptibility of pit and fissure caries.
Topics: Adolescent; Biofilms; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dental Plaque; Humans; Metagenomics; Microbiota
PubMed: 34778105
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.740981 -
European Journal of Orthodontics May 2022Fixed orthodontic appliances might result in dental adverse effects, if sufficient oral hygiene is not maintained. Since recommendations on toothbrushing times are... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
Fixed orthodontic appliances might result in dental adverse effects, if sufficient oral hygiene is not maintained. Since recommendations on toothbrushing times are lacking scientific justification in orthodontic populations, the aim of the present study was to comparatively quantify the duration of toothbrushing with a manual and a powered toothbrush in two distinct age groups.
TRIAL DESIGN
Two-centre, two-period crossover balanced randomized clinical trial with computer-generated numbers and blinding at the outcome-assessing level.
METHODS
Children and adults with fixed appliances with at least 22 aligned teeth were recruited at a university clinic and private practice in Bavaria, Germany. Plaque was disclosed with staining tablets and participants brushed their teeth with their habitual technique in front of a mirror and without interference until staining was, to their own satisfaction, completely removed. The primary outcome was duration of toothbrushing in seconds. Secondary outcomes were percentage plaque reduction and questionnaire data on dental attitudes and behaviours. Data were analysed with linear mixed models.
RESULTS
Twenty-eight participants were randomized to the first and 27 to the second toothbrush sequence. The combined effect of age and toothbrush on the duration of toothbrushing was evident (n = 52, F(1, 50.8) = 5.1, P = 0.028). Children brushed 14.5 seconds less [n = 28, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -31.3 to 2.3, P = 0.090], yet adults 13.3 seconds more (n = 24, 95% CI = -4.6 to 31.3, P = 0.143) with the manual than powered toothbrush. Brushing times ranged from 2 minutes and 45 seconds to 3 minutes and 17 seconds with plaque reduction at 76% and good dental attitudes and behaviours.
CONCLUSIONS
Both children and adults with fixed appliances might equally reach an effective plaque reduction with either manual or powered toothbrushes and their habitual brushing technique in around three minutes, if plaque is visible.
REGISTRATION
DRKS-German Clinical Trials Register ID: DRKS00012463.
FUNDING
Oral-B Procter & Gamble.
Topics: Adult; Child; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Equipment Design; Humans; Orthodontic Appliances, Fixed; Single-Blind Method; Toothbrushing
PubMed: 34849694
DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjab075 -
BMC Oral Health Feb 2024To investigate the effects of combinations of mechanical (brushing and flossing) and chemotherapeutic regimens which included essential oils (EO) non-alcohol and... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
To investigate the effects of combinations of mechanical (brushing and flossing) and chemotherapeutic regimens which included essential oils (EO) non-alcohol and alcohol-containing mouthrinses compared to brushing only in the prevention and reduction of plaque, gingivitis, and gingival bleeding.
METHODS
This was a randomized, virtually supervised, examiner blind, controlled clinical trial. Following informed consent and screening, subjects (N = 270) with gingivitis were randomly assigned to one of the following regimens: (1) Brush Only (B, n = 54); (2) Brush/Rinse (EO alcohol-containing mouthrinse) (BA, n = 54); (3) Brush/Rinse (EO non-alcohol containing mouthrinse) (BZ, n = 54); (4) Brush/Floss (BF, n = 54); (5) Brush/Floss/Rinse (EO non-alcohol containing mouthrinse) (BFZ, n = 54). Unflavored waxed dental floss (REACH unflavored waxed dental floss), and fluoridated toothpaste (Colgate Cavity Protection) were used. Examinations included oral hard and soft tissue, plaque, gingivitis, gingival bleeding, probing depth and bleeding on probing.
RESULTS
After 12 weeks, both BA and BZ and the BFZ group were superior in reducing interproximal plaque (30.8%, 18.2%, 16.0%, respectively), gingivitis (39.0%, 36.9%, 36.1%, respectively), and bleeding (67.8%, 73.6%, 79.8%, respectively) compared to B. The BF group did not provide significant reductions in interproximal plaque but did reduce interproximal gingivitis (5.1%, p = 0.041) at Week 4 and bleeding at Weeks 4 and 12 (34.6%, 31.4%, p < 0.001 respectively) compared to B. The BFZ group did not significantly reduce interproximal plaque, gingivitis or bleeding compared to BZ.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated that the addition of EO non-alcohol containing mouthrinse to the manual toothbrushing and flossing regimen further reduces plaque, gingivitis and bleeding showing that addition of EO mouthrinses (alcohol or non-alcohol containing) to the oral hygiene regimen provides sustained reductions in plaque to help maintain gingival health after a dental prophylaxis. Dental professional recommendation of the addition of an EO non-alcohol containing mouthrinse to daily oral hygiene routines of brushing or brushing and flossing should be considered to aid supragingival plaque control and improve gingivitis prevention.
STUDY REGISTRY NUMBER
NCT05600231.
Topics: Humans; Mouthwashes; Dental Devices, Home Care; Dental Plaque; Toothbrushing; Gingivitis; Oils, Volatile; Gingival Hemorrhage; Dental Plaque Index
PubMed: 38310236
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03924-4 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Dec 2022Streptococcus mutans is the main cariogenic pathogen in the oral cavity, considered to contribute toward oral diseases. S. mutans is predominantly entrapped in plaque... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
Streptococcus mutans is the main cariogenic pathogen in the oral cavity, considered to contribute toward oral diseases. S. mutans is predominantly entrapped in plaque biofilms.
OBJECTIVES
In this study, we surveyed the antibacterial activity of natural compounds in terms of the biofilm production of S. mutans.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We extracted the studies related to natural compounds affected on S. mutans biofilm from different databases.
RESULTS
Disruption of S. mutans viability in biofilms by a potent new pharmacological factor could inhibit and remove cavities. Various antibacterial agents are needed to destroy biofilms that remove both pathogens and commensal bacteria, and also exert inhibitory effects on many bacterial species.
CONCLUSIONS
An effective therapeutic agent for dental caries has to be capable of removing pathogens and their biofilms. Specific virulence attributes of S. mutans exist; hence, natural compounds that have excellent properties to combat such pathogens need to be selected.
Topics: Humans; Streptococcus mutans; Dental Caries; Biofilms; Dental Plaque; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36281582
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.673 -
Periodontology 2000 Jun 2019This final chapter provides a commentary of what might be learned from this series of articles in relation to the 2017 Classification of Periodontal and Peri-implant... (Review)
Review
This final chapter provides a commentary of what might be learned from this series of articles in relation to the 2017 Classification of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases and Conditions and argues that future classifications should expand sections on nondental plaque-induced disease that will further patient care, education and research in periodontology, and allied subjects.
Topics: Dental Plaque; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontics
PubMed: 31090149
DOI: 10.1111/prd.12307 -
American Journal of Hypertension Feb 2023Poor oral health evaluated by presence of dental calculus has been associated with hypertension (HTN) among middle- and old-aged adults. However, it is unclear for the...
BACKGROUND
Poor oral health evaluated by presence of dental calculus has been associated with hypertension (HTN) among middle- and old-aged adults. However, it is unclear for the association of HTN phenotypes with dental calculus in young adults.
METHODS
This study examined the association between dental calculus and HTN in 5,345 military personnel, aged 19-45 years, without antihypertensive medications therapy in Taiwan from 2018 to 2021. Dental calculus was defined as presence of supragingival calculus in any teeth, except impacted teeth, and third molar. Combined HTN (CHTN) was diagnosed as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥130 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥80 mm Hg. Isolated systolic and diastolic HTN were, respectively, defined as SBP ≥130 mm Hg only (ISHTN) and DBP ≥80 mm Hg only (IDHTN). Multiple logistic regression with adjustments for sex, age, toxic substance use, anthropometrics, lipid profiles, fasting glucose, and blood leukocyte counts were used to determine the association between dental calculus and HTN phenotypes in young adults.
RESULTS
The prevalence of those with dental calculus, CHTN, ISHTN, and IDHTN was 20.8%, 10.8%, 10.2%, and 7.0%, respectively. The dental calculus was associated a greater possibility with CHTN [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval: 1.60 (1.31-1.95)]. However, the associations of dental calculus with ISHTN and IDHTN were null [OR: 1.05 (0.81-1.27) and 1.12 (0.86-1.46), respectively].
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that among young adults, poor oral health manifested by presence of dental calculus was associated with a greater possibility of CHTN, while not for ISHTN and IDHTN.
Topics: Humans; Oral Health; Dental Calculus; Hypertension; Blood Pressure; Antihypertensive Agents
PubMed: 36270011
DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpac119