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Wiadomosci Lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland :... 2016To appraise studies about pulpectomy in primary teeth with nickel-titanium rotary files and smear layer removal and to find out may these developments enhance pulpectomy... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
To appraise studies about pulpectomy in primary teeth with nickel-titanium rotary files and smear layer removal and to find out may these developments enhance pulpectomy outcomes in primary teeth.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A systematic search was implemented for PubMed, Google and Google Scholar between the years 1995-January 2016 to identify eligible studies. Studies design was established according to the CEBM recommendations. Evidence quality of studies was appraised by risk of bias.
RESULTS
Six studies about pulpectomy met the inclusion criteria, of which five were randomized controlled trials. Only one research demonstrates the enhanced outcome of pulpectomy in primary teeth with smear layer removal. Chosen studies have low overall evidence quality.
CONCLUSIONS
Given the paucity, high heterogeneity of high-quality articles and their level of bias, recommendation for the use of nickel-titanium rotary files and smear layer removal in pulpectomy in primary teeth can yet not be formulated.
Topics: Humans; Pulpectomy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Smear Layer; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 27487538
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives of Oral Biology Jun 2019One of the most popular drinks worldwide, tea is rich in polyphenols and is beneficial to our health because it contributes to the prevention of many diseases. In the... (Review)
Review
One of the most popular drinks worldwide, tea is rich in polyphenols and is beneficial to our health because it contributes to the prevention of many diseases. In the human oral cavity, there are more than 750 different species of bacteria living together within dental plaque. Some of the bacteria are pathogens that contribute to the development of oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontitis, pulpitis, mucosal disease, or halitosis through their virulence factors and their metabolites. Until now, many studies have reported that tea polyphenols (TPs) have evident inhibitory effects on some oral pathogenic microorganisms by suppressing pivotal steps of their pathogenic processes. The aim of this review is to summarize the effectiveness and mechanisms of TPs in inhibiting microorganisms, so as to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of oral diseases, and to contribute to the global dental public health.
Topics: Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Humans; Polyphenols; Tea; Tooth
PubMed: 30974380
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.03.027 -
Periodontology 2000 Jun 2021The central theme of this volume of Periodontology 2000 is that the microbial dental plaque biofilm, specifically the subgingival dental plaque biofilm, mimics a human... (Review)
Review
The central theme of this volume of Periodontology 2000 is that the microbial dental plaque biofilm, specifically the subgingival dental plaque biofilm, mimics a human tissue in both structure and function. As a basis for this assertion we use the definition of a tissue as an aggregate of similar cells and cell products forming a defined structure with a specific function, in a multicellular organism. Accordingly, we propose that the dental plaque biofilm represents an acquired human tissue largely of bacterial origin that maintains the health of gingival tissue. Furthermore, we acknowledge that disease can be defined as a deviation from the normal structure or an interruption to the function of any body part, organ, or system, and that is manifested by a characteristic set of symptoms and signs whose etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown. Therefore, in this volume we present the concept that periodontitis is a disruption of the normal function of the healthy subgingival plaque biofilm with concomitant disruption to its functional properties in relation to innate defense surveillance and tissue maintenance, leading to excessive, deregulated inflammation and tissue destruction.
Topics: Biofilms; Dental Plaque; Gingiva; Humans; Periodontitis
PubMed: 33690952
DOI: 10.1111/prd.12374 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2022Dental caries is a global oral health problem caused due to localized demineralization of the enamel. Chemical plaque control is used as an adjuvant to mechanical plaque... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Dental caries is a global oral health problem caused due to localized demineralization of the enamel. Chemical plaque control is used as an adjuvant to mechanical plaque control in removing biofilm, thereby preventing dental caries. In recent times, there has been a renewed interest in nature-based products. This systematic review aimed to analyse the existing literature to compare the effectiveness of herbal and conventional dentifrices on prevention of dental caries. A search was done in the databases of PubMed and Google Scholar in July 2020 for the related topic. A hand search was done from the references of primary studies and other clinical trial registry sites. Randomized control trials, comparative clinical trials, and in vitro studies in which the effectiveness of herbal and conventional dentifrices on prevention of dental caries were included after review by the reviewers. The systematic search revealed a total of thirty-two publications from which ten publications were included. Five studies were clinical studies and five were in vitro studies. All the studies used microbiological analysis for the determination of cariogenic microorganisms in plaque and saliva, whereas one study used pH of plaque and saliva. Among the included studies, all studies had a high risk of bias with level 2 evidence. With the evidence available, it can be concluded that herbal dentifrices and fluoride dentifrices have similar antimicrobial activity against cariogenic microorganisms.
Topics: Humans; Toothpastes; Dental Caries; Dentifrices; Fluorides; Dental Enamel; Dental Plaque; Cariostatic Agents
PubMed: 36656198
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_404_21 -
Journal of Human Evolution Feb 2015Dental calculus (calcified tartar or plaque) is today widespread on modern human teeth around the world. A combination of soft starchy foods, changing acidity of the...
Dental calculus (calcified tartar or plaque) is today widespread on modern human teeth around the world. A combination of soft starchy foods, changing acidity of the oral environment, genetic pre-disposition, and the absence of dental hygiene all lead to the build-up of microorganisms and food debris on the tooth crown, which eventually calcifies through a complex process of mineralisation. Millions of oral microbes are trapped and preserved within this mineralised matrix, including pathogens associated with the oral cavity and airways, masticated food debris, and other types of extraneous particles that enter the mouth. As a result, archaeologists and anthropologists are increasingly using ancient human dental calculus to explore broad aspects of past human diet and health. Most recently, high-throughput DNA sequencing of ancient dental calculus has provided valuable insights into the evolution of the oral microbiome and shed new light on the impacts of some of the major biocultural transitions on human health throughout history and prehistory. Here, we provide a brief historical overview of archaeological dental calculus research, and discuss the current approaches to ancient DNA sampling and sequencing. Novel applications of ancient DNA from dental calculus are discussed, highlighting the considerable scope of this new research field for evolutionary biology and modern medicine.
Topics: Archaeology; DNA, Bacterial; Dental Calculus; Diet; Evolution, Molecular; History, Ancient; Humans; Microbiota; Oral Health
PubMed: 25476244
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.06.018 -
The Journal of Clinical Dentistry Jun 2018To review the application of gingivitis prevention and treatment models to assess the efficacy of mechanical and chemotherapeutic oral hygiene interventions following... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To review the application of gingivitis prevention and treatment models to assess the efficacy of mechanical and chemotherapeutic oral hygiene interventions following shorter- and longer-term use.
METHODS
Representative published clinical trials evaluating the shorter- and longer-term anti-gingivitis efficacy of stannous fluoride dentifrice, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) rinse, and oscillating-rotating (O-R) electric rechargeable toothbrushes were reviewed. Key gingivitis indices, including the Löe-Silness Gingival Index (LS), Lobene Modified Gingival Index (MGI), Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), Papillary Bleeding Index (PIBI), and the Mazza modification of the PIBI (Mazza GI), were evaluated for their relative validity and sensitivity in evaluating prevention and treatment outcomes.
RESULTS
Twenty clinical trials were evaluated, including 11 treatment studies and 9 prevention trials. Collectively, the findings demonstrated the efficacy of stabilized stannous fluoride toothpaste, CPC rinses, and O-R electric toothbrushes in improving gingival health both in longer-term prevention and shorter-term treatment models. The studies employed various frequently used gingivitis indices. The indices were sufficiently sensitive to elucidate treatment differences.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of this review, gingivitis prevention and treatment studies are valid approaches to show treatment effects, and their utilization is dependent upon whether the intention is to evaluate "reducing the onset of gingivitis" or "reducing the severity of existing gingivitis." Various indices, including the LS, MGI, GBI, PIBI, and Mazza GI indices, provide valid measurements for evaluating gingivitis in treatment and prevention models. Shorter-term treatment models allow for efficient efficacy evaluation in clinically relevant populations with existing disease.
Topics: Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Gingivitis; Humans; Oral Hygiene; Periodontal Index; Tin Fluorides
PubMed: 30211990
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Biological... Apr 2024Ancient human dental calculus is a unique, nonrenewable biological resource encapsulating key information about the diets, lifestyles, and health conditions of past... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Ancient human dental calculus is a unique, nonrenewable biological resource encapsulating key information about the diets, lifestyles, and health conditions of past individuals and populations. With compounding calls its destructive analysis, it is imperative to refine the ways in which the scientific community documents, samples, and analyzes dental calculus so as to maximize its utility to the public and scientific community.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Our research team conducted an IRB-approved survey of dental calculus researchers with diverse academic backgrounds, research foci, and analytical specializations.
RESULTS
This survey reveals variation in how metadata is collected and utilized across different subdisciplines and highlights how these differences have profound implications for dental calculus research. Moreover, the survey suggests the need for more communication between those who excavate, curate, and analyze biomolecular data from dental calculus.
DISCUSSION
Challenges in cross-disciplinary communication limit researchers' ability to effectively utilize samples in rigorous and reproducible ways. Specifically, the lack of standardized skeletal and dental metadata recording and contamination avoidance procedures hinder downstream anthropological applications, as well as the pursuit of broader paleodemographic and paleoepidemiological inquiries that rely on more complete information about the individuals sampled. To provide a path forward toward more ethical and standardized dental calculus sampling and documentation approaches, we review the current methods by which skeletal and dental metadata are recorded. We also describe trends in sampling and contamination-control approaches. Finally, we use that information to suggest new guidelines for ancient dental calculus documentation and sampling strategies that will improve research practices in the future.
Topics: Humans; Dental Calculus; Metadata; Anthropology; Communication; Documentation
PubMed: 37994571
DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24871 -
Periodontology 2000 Jun 2016New data indicate that periodontal diseases are much more prevalent than previously thought, which means that there are large numbers of patients who will need to be... (Review)
Review
New data indicate that periodontal diseases are much more prevalent than previously thought, which means that there are large numbers of patients who will need to be diagnosed and treated for periodontal disease in a general dental practice. Oral hygiene procedures performed by patients between office visits are important for gingival health. No particular type of toothbrush has consistently been shown to have superior plaque-removal ability over another. Although studies on powered brushes have shown evidence for efficacy of biofilm removal and increased patient compliance, they are of short duration, making evaluation of long-term effects difficult to achieve. Interdental cleaning with dental floss can be effective but it is technique-sensitive. Interdental brushes have been shown to be superior to floss in plaque index scores, but not in gingival inflammation reduction. A systematic review of oral irrigation reported a beneficial adjunctive effect on bleeding and gingival indices and pocket depth. Antimicrobials in mouthrinses and toothpastes have shown significant reductions in plaque and gingivitis when used correctly. Even though it is considered essential for patients to utilize biofilm-removal techniques on a frequent basis, studies on adherence show that approximately 30-60% of health information is forgotten within 1 h, and 50% of health recommendations are not followed. Incorporating psychosocial aspects of behavioral change, including well-established counseling strategies, such as motivational interviewing, may elicit improved patient outcomes.
Topics: Behavioral Sciences; Dental Plaque; Humans; Oral Health; Oral Hygiene; Periodontal Diseases; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27045431
DOI: 10.1111/prd.12125 -
Monographs in Oral Science 2023Dental caries is a disease that affects people of all ages since demineralization and remineralization of tooth surfaces occur in everyone's mouths, and caries lesions... (Review)
Review
Dental caries is a disease that affects people of all ages since demineralization and remineralization of tooth surfaces occur in everyone's mouths, and caries lesions develop when there is an imbalance between demineralization and remineralization. In this way, teeth are exposed to a risk of caries. Prevention strategies aiming at "zero caries" and treatments aiming at "tooth recovery and regeneration" are the two main areas of caries research, and both basic and clinical research are required in these fields. The following future perspectives of caries research were identified: The disease concept of caries is undergoing rapid structural changes, as it will increasingly become a disease of all generations: Changes in our understanding of caries etiology (from cariogenic pathogens in the specific plaque hypothesis to the oral microbiome in the ecological plaque hypothesis) will alter the concept of caries-associated bacteria (from mutans streptococci to a group of bacteria with high acid-producing capacity and acid-tolerance or acidogenic/aciduric bacteria). In the field of prevention, more individualized, site-specific, and high-precision examinations for risk assessment and diagnostic methods, including genetic tests, will be developed, and advanced preventive, curative, and regenerative treatments will become possible. To achieve this, interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, and transdisciplinary research are essential, and collaboration and fusion with other sciences, such as material science, engineering, food science, and nutritional science, are required. Furthermore, in order to put the results of such research into practice in society, it will be necessary to promote industry-academia collaborations; promote behavioral change through sociological approaches; and correct economic, informational, and educational inequalities. The sociological approach requires the coupling of epidemiology and data science as well as the validation of clinical applications, and artificial intelligence will play a powerful role in such analyses.
Topics: Humans; Dental Caries; Artificial Intelligence; Mouth; Dental Plaque; Streptococcus mutans; Acids
PubMed: 37364561
DOI: 10.1159/000530612 -
The Journal of Contemporary Dental... Apr 2020The review is to highlight the use of antibiotics in periodontal infections and prevent indiscriminate use of antibiotics. (Review)
Review
AIM
The review is to highlight the use of antibiotics in periodontal infections and prevent indiscriminate use of antibiotics.
BACKGROUND
Periodontitis is the most common disease of the periodontal attachment apparatus, and its etiological factor can be related to the existence of virulent microorganisms in the dental plaque biofilm which harbors millions of microorganisms. In addition, the pathogenesis of this disease is greatly influenced by the host immune response that leads to the cyclic destruction and healing pattern.
REVIEW RESULTS
Periodontitis is mostly treated through mechanical debridement using surgical and nonsurgical therapy. However, many times, this treatment does not render desired results due to poor patient compliance, altered immune response, or other host-related factors. This leads to the administration of antibiotics as an adjunct to mechanical debridement. Antibiotics are useful in eliminating periodontopathic microbes, but these agents should be cautiously used and prescribed only if indicated.
CONCLUSION
Indiscriminate use of antibiotics can lead to unforeseen adverse effects as well as the development of resistant strains of microorganisms.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Hence, it is crucial for the dentists to know the indications, contraindications, undesirable effects, correct choice, and dosage of the antimicrobial agent before prescribing it to their patients thereby ensuring the success of periodontal therapy. Thus, the clinician should keep in mind that the antibiotics are merely adjuncts to mechanical therapy and not its replacement.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Dental Plaque; Humans; Infections; Periodontitis
PubMed: 32584271
DOI: No ID Found