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Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor... Jan 2016The objective of Atraumatic Restorative Treatment is to prevent carious lesion development and to stop its progression. This can be achieved, among other ways, by... (Review)
Review
The objective of Atraumatic Restorative Treatment is to prevent carious lesion development and to stop its progression. This can be achieved, among other ways, by placing high-viscosity glass-ionomer cement sealants in pits and fissures in the enamel. A second area of utilisation is the treatment of dentine carious lesions. The weakened demineralised dentine can effectively be removed using hand instruments only. An accurately placed sealant-restoration prevents remaining cariogenic bacteria from reigniting the process of decay and allows the residual carious dentine to remineralise. To achieve good results using Atraumatic Restorative Treatment, an oral healthcare provider should complete a programme of instruction and have command of sufficient knowledge of cariology, the principles of treatment and the available restorative materials. High-viscosity glass-ionomer cement is the material of first choice for the prevention of enamel caries and the treatment of dentine carious lesions, but there is a constant search for improvements to this material and for a qualitatively better alternative.
Topics: Dental Atraumatic Restorative Treatment; Dental Bonding; Dental Caries; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Resin Cements
PubMed: 26780335
DOI: 10.5177/ntvt.2016.01.15122 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2020Various approaches are available for pit and fissure sealing, including: the use of sealants, with or without mechanical preparation; the use of etching, with or...
Various approaches are available for pit and fissure sealing, including: the use of sealants, with or without mechanical preparation; the use of etching, with or without bonding; and the use of lasers as an alternative to mechanical preparation. The objective of this study is to evaluate pit and fissure sealing by comparing the retention and microleakage of sealants, between mechanical and Er:Yag laser enamel preparation. Sixty extracted sound third molars are classified into six groups: A, bur mechanical preparation and sealant application; B, bur mechanical preparation, etching and sealant; C, bur mechanical preparation, etching, bonding and sealant; D, laser mechanical preparation and sealant; E, laser mechanical preparation, etching and sealant application; F, laser mechanical preparation, etching, bonding, and sealant. Statistical analysis methods include Fisher's exact test, a general linear model for one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of multiple comparisons, and Bonferroni multiple comparison tests. All the groups showed dye microleakage beneath the sealants. Less microleakage was observed for those that used bur rather than laser, 41 versus 44 specimens, respectively. The number of specimens without microleakage decreased as follows: group E (24), group A (18), groups B and F (17), group C (14), and group D (5). Retention was 100% in all groups except group D. Conclusion: Mechanical preparation increases retention of sealants, especially when etching material is used; additionally, bonding can help the retention. The best technique is mechanical preparation via laser and subsequent use of etching, without bonding prior to application of the dental sealant.
Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Lasers; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Tooth Preparation
PubMed: 33114507
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217813 -
Journal of Public Health Dentistry Mar 2023To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of resin-based and glass ionomer-based fissure sealants compared with no intervention for children.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of resin-based and glass ionomer-based fissure sealants compared with no intervention for children.
METHODS
We developed a Markov-based decision analytic model that simulated Turkish children from aged 6 to 15 years. Two types of costs were explored from the payers' perspective and the health care system perspectives. A cost-effectiveness analysis of resin-based and glass ionomer-based fissure sealants was conducted to quantify their effectiveness using the number of caries prevented and the quality-adjusted tooth years (QATYs). Costs and effectiveness measures were discounted at 3% per year.
RESULTS
The most cost-effective intervention was resin-based fissure sealant, with an additional $5.34 per caries prevented and $1.86 per QATY gained compared with no treatment.
CONCLUSION
Fissure sealants particularly resin-based sealants are cost-effective for children in Turkey due to their low cost and highly preventive characteristics.
Topics: Child; Humans; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Cost-Effectiveness Analysis; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dental Caries
PubMed: 36300652
DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12549 -
Acta Stomatologica Croatica Jun 2021To evaluate the effectiveness of two pit and fissure sealants (PFS) in reducing the incidence of dental caries in schoolchildren.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effectiveness of two pit and fissure sealants (PFS) in reducing the incidence of dental caries in schoolchildren.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A randomized split-mouth experimental design was used in a sample of 140 subjects assigned to two groups. The sealants used were Clinpro©3M and BeautiSealant©Shofu placed in first permanent molars (FPMs). Each sealant was compared to molars in the controls to determine effectiveness over a period of 6 months. The study had a 12.9% loss to follow-up. No statistically significant differences (p>0.05) were observed for sex, age, baseline dmft, or type of sealants. Nonparametric tests were used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Average dmft index at baseline was 4.10±3.16. Lower incidence of caries was observed in FPMs with pit and fissure sealants (p<0.01), regardless of the type used. When sealants remained intact there was a lower caries incidence compared to sealants partially or completely missing - but differences were only significant for FPM 16. Caries incidence was higher for BeautiSealant sealed teeth than for Clinpro's, but only statistically significant in FPMs 16, 36 and 46 (p< 0.05). Caries incidence was higher in those cases with a higher baseline dmft but it only reached statistical significance in FPMs 26 and 36. Relative risks for dental caries were lower in sealed teeth (p<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
Pit and fissures sealants are an effective preventive treatment to reduce caries during a 6-month follow-up in schoolchildren 6 to 8 years of age, regardless of the type of sealant used. The sealant brand that showed greater effectiveness in terms of prevention and retention was Clinpro©3M.
PubMed: 34248147
DOI: 10.15644/asc55/2/3 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023The scope of this paper is to compare different dental sealants and flow materials indicated for sealing pits and fissures considering their chemical formula. The... (Review)
Review
The scope of this paper is to compare different dental sealants and flow materials indicated for sealing pits and fissures considering their chemical formula. The narrative review aims to address the following questions: What is the essence of different dental sealants' activity, how does their chemical formula affect their mechanisms of caries prevention, and what makes a dental sealant efficient mean of caries prevention? Another vital issue is whether the sealants that contain fluoride, or any other additions, have potentially increased antimicrobial properties. An electronic search of the PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was performed. The following keywords were used: (dental sealants) AND (chemical composition). Additionally, information about composition and indications for clinical use provided by manufacturers were utilized. All of the considered materials are indicated for use both in permanent and primary dentition for sealing fissures, pits, and . The selection of suitable material should be made individually and adjusted to conditions of the sealing procedure and patient's needs. Cariostatic mechanisms increasing sealants' effectiveness such as fluoride release are desired in modern dentistry appreciating preventive approach. The review aims are to find crucial elements of sealants' composition which affect their cariostatic mechanisms.
PubMed: 37834590
DOI: 10.3390/ma16196453 -
International Journal of Paediatric... May 2022Dental caries is one of the most common multifactorial oral diseases and can be prevented using pit and fissure sealants.
BACKGROUND
Dental caries is one of the most common multifactorial oral diseases and can be prevented using pit and fissure sealants.
AIM
To evaluate the effect of nano-hydroxyapatite (nanoHAP) incorporation on fluoride-releasing ability, penetration, and adaptation of a pit and fissure sealant.
DESIGN
This was an in vitro study with two groups: conventional sealant and nanoHAP-incorporated sealant. Sealant penetration and adaptation were assessed using stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) (15 and 10 samples per group, respectively). Fluoride release was analyzed using ion-selective electrode (15 samples per group). The chi-square test was used to compare penetration and adaptation between the 2 groups, and an independent Student t test was used to compare fluoride release.
RESULTS
The nanoHAP group showed significantly more samples with no bubbles (P = .001) and no debris (P < .001). SEM analysis showed a significantly greater percentage of adequate fissures in the test group (P = .007). The fluoride release was significantly higher in test samples with p values of .001 and .016 on day 1 and day 60, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The incorporation of nanoHAP into the conventional pit and fissure sealant improved its penetration and adaptation properties along with fluoride release.
Topics: Dental Caries; Durapatite; Fluorides; Humans; Molar; Pit and Fissure Sealants
PubMed: 34363277
DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12890 -
BMC Oral Health May 2024Deep learning, as an artificial intelligence method has been proved to be powerful in analyzing images. The purpose of this study is to construct a deep learning-based...
BACKGROUND
Deep learning, as an artificial intelligence method has been proved to be powerful in analyzing images. The purpose of this study is to construct a deep learning-based model (ToothNet) for the simultaneous detection of dental caries and fissure sealants in intraoral photos.
METHODS
A total of 1020 intraoral photos were collected from 762 volunteers. Teeth, caries and sealants were annotated by two endodontists using the LabelMe tool. ToothNet was developed by modifying the YOLOX framework for simultaneous detection of caries and fissure sealants. The area under curve (AUC) in the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and free-response ROC (FROC) curves were used to evaluate model performance in the following aspects: (i) classification accuracy of detecting dental caries and fissure sealants from a photograph (image-level); and (ii) localization accuracy of the locations of predicted dental caries and fissure sealants (tooth-level). The performance of ToothNet and dentist with 1year of experience (1-year dentist) were compared at tooth-level and image-level using Wilcoxon test and DeLong test.
RESULTS
At the image level, ToothNet achieved an AUC of 0.925 (95% CI, 0.880-0.958) for caries detection and 0.902 (95% CI, 0.853-0.940) for sealant detection. At the tooth level, with a confidence threshold of 0.5, the sensitivity, precision, and F1-score for caries detection were 0.807, 0.814, and 0.810, respectively. For fissure sealant detection, the values were 0.714, 0.750, and 0.731. Compared with ToothNet, the 1-year dentist had a lower F1 value (0.599, p < 0.0001) and AUC (0.749, p < 0.0001) in caries detection, and a lower F1 value (0.727, p = 0.023) and similar AUC (0.829, p = 0.154) in sealant detection.
CONCLUSIONS
The proposed deep learning model achieved multi-task simultaneous detection in intraoral photos and showed good performance in the detection of dental caries and fissure sealants. Compared with 1-year dentist, the model has advantages in caries detection and is equivalent in fissure sealants detection.
Topics: Humans; Dental Caries; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Deep Learning; Pilot Projects; Photography, Dental; Adult; Male; Female
PubMed: 38735954
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04254-1 -
Journal of Dental Research Jul 2017Fissure sealant (FS) and fluoride varnish (FV) are effective in preventing dental caries when compared with a no-treatment control. However, the relative clinical... (Review)
Review
Fissure sealant (FS) and fluoride varnish (FV) are effective in preventing dental caries when compared with a no-treatment control. However, the relative clinical effectiveness of these interventions is uncertain. The objective of the study was to compare the clinical effectiveness of FS and FV in preventing dental caries in first permanent molars (FPMs) in 6- to 7-y-olds. The study design was a randomized clinical trial, with 2 parallel arms. The setting was a targeted-population program that used mobile dental clinics in schools located within areas of high social and economic deprivation in South Wales. A total of 1,016 children were randomized 1:1 to receive either FS or FV. Resin-based FS was applied to caries-free FPMs and maintained at 6-mo intervals. FV was applied at baseline and at 6-mo intervals for 3 y. The main outcome measures were the proportion of children developing caries into dentine (DMFT) on any 1 of up to 4 treated FPMs after 36 mo. At 36 mo, 835 (82%) children remained: 417 in the FS arm and 418 in the FV arm. A smaller proportion of children who received FV ( n = 73, 17.5%) versus FS ( n = 82, 19.6%) developed caries into dentine on at least 1 FPM (odds ratio [OR] = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.59 to 1.21; P = 0.35), a nonstatistically significant difference between FS and FV treatments. The results were similar when the number of newly decayed teeth (OR = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.60 to 1.22) and tooth surfaces (OR = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.59 to 1.21) were examined. In a community oral health program, semiannual application of FV resulted in caries prevention that was not significantly different from that obtained by applying and maintaining FS after 36 mo (EudraCT: 2010-023476-23; ISRCTN: ISRCTN17029222).
Topics: Cariostatic Agents; Child; Dental Care for Children; Dental Caries; Female; Fluorides, Topical; Health Promotion; Humans; Male; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Treatment Outcome; Wales
PubMed: 28394709
DOI: 10.1177/0022034517702094 -
International Journal of Clinical... 2018To evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and the presence of fissure sealants on the first permanent molars (FPMs) among 6 to 9 years old primary school boys in...
AIMS
To evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and the presence of fissure sealants on the first permanent molars (FPMs) among 6 to 9 years old primary school boys in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The carious status and the presence of fissure sealants on the FPMs were examined in 1844 schoolboys, aged 6-9 years (the first three grades), from 17 randomly selected primary schools in Riyadh city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Chi-square test was used to assess the significance of differences in prevalence and proportions.
RESULTS
A total of 5394 FPMs were assessed in the 1844 children. Eighty-three point five percent of children were caries free. Only 0.8% of the children had at least one fissure sealant applied. At tooth level, the decayed FPMs counted for 10.6%. There was obvious underuse of fissure sealants on the FPMs; 0.5% (n = 25). The caries prevalence in the mandibular FPMs (14.4%), was significantly higher than in the maxillary FPMs, 7.7% (p < 0.01). The proportion of carious FPMs increased with age of the children significantly (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the proportion of the presence of fissure sealants among the three different grade/age groups (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Caries prevalence in the FPMs was moderate but serious amongst this cohort of young students. This was opposed with very low use of fissure sealants.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Careful examination of the first permanent molars among children is mandatory because of their high caries susceptibility. It is important to increase public and dental professionals' awareness of the effectiveness of fissure sealants and encouraging more placement. Aldossary MS, Alamri AA, Alshiha SA, Hattan MA, Alfraih YK, Alwayli HM. Prevalence of Dental Caries and Fissure Sealants in the First Permanent Molars among Male Children in Riyadh, Kingdom Saudi Arabia. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent., 2018;11(5):365-370.
PubMed: 30787547
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1541 -
Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 2019Pit and fissure sealants (PFSs) are the most effective preventive materials in dentistry. Secondary caries around the sealed pits and fissures at the material-tooth...
CONTEXT
Pit and fissure sealants (PFSs) are the most effective preventive materials in dentistry. Secondary caries around the sealed pits and fissures at the material-tooth interface and the wear of the material remains the common problems. To address these problems, efforts have been made by incorporating zinc oxide (ZnO) and calcium fluoride (CaF) nanoparticles (NPs) into the sealants to develop caries-inhibiting and stress-bearing sealants.
AIM
Evaluation of antibacterial and mechanical properties of PFS containing ZnO and CaF NPs.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
This was an study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 196 fissure sealant samples were divided into six test groups and a control group. The test group samples were prepared by incorporating two concentrations (0.5 wt% and 1 wt%) of ZnO and CaF NPs into the sealants. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by direct contact test; compressive and flexural strengths were evaluated by a universal testing machine.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test.
RESULTS
Sealants containing 1 wt% ZnO and CaF NPs and their mixture exhibited significantly higher antibacterial activity against and when compared to control group ( < 0.001). Samples with ZnO NPs exhibited similar mechanical properties as conventional sealant (control group); however, the samples with CaF NPs showed inferior mechanical properties ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The observations of the study infer that sealants containing 1 wt% ZnO and CaF NPs and their mixture exhibited superior antibacterial activity. The mechanical properties of samples containing ZnO and mixture of ZnO and CaF particles remained comparable to the conventional sealants.
PubMed: 32308323
DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_805_18