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Journal of Dental Research Mar 2023There have been significant advances in adhesive dentistry in recent decades, with efforts being made to improve the mechanical and bonding properties of resin-based... (Review)
Review
There have been significant advances in adhesive dentistry in recent decades, with efforts being made to improve the mechanical and bonding properties of resin-based dental adhesive materials. Various attempts have been made to achieve versatility, introducing functional monomers and silanes into the materials' composition to enable the chemical reaction with tooth structure and restorative materials and a multimode use. The novel adhesive materials also tend to be simpler in terms of clinical use, requiring reduced number of steps, making them less technique sensitive. However, these materials must also be reliable and have a long-lasting bond with different substrates. In order to fulfill these arduous tasks, different chemical constituents and different techniques are continuously being developed and introduced into dental adhesive materials. This critical review aims to discuss the concepts behind novel monomers, bioactive molecules, and alternative techniques recently implemented in adhesive dentistry. Incorporating monomers that are more resistant to hydrolytic degradation and functional monomers that enhance the micromechanical retention and improve chemical interactions between adhesive resin materials and various substrates improved the performance of adhesive materials. The current trend is to blend bioactive molecules into adhesive materials to enhance the mechanical properties and prevent endogenous enzymatic degradation of the dental substrate, thus ensuring the longevity of resin-dentin bonds. Moreover, alternative etching materials and techniques have been developed to address the drawbacks of phosphoric acid dentin etching. Altogether, we are witnessing a dynamic era in adhesive dentistry, with advancements aiming to bring us closer to simple and reliable bonding. However, simplification and novelty should not be achieved at the expense of material properties.
Topics: Dental Cements; Dental Bonding; Resin Cements; Acid Etching, Dental; Dental Materials; Materials Testing; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Dentin; Composite Resins
PubMed: 36694473
DOI: 10.1177/00220345221145673 -
Journal of Biomedical Materials... Aug 2020This review focuses on the characteristics and applications of biomaterials through the ages, ranging from the prehistoric times to the beginning of the era of modern... (Review)
Review
This review focuses on the characteristics and applications of biomaterials through the ages, ranging from the prehistoric times to the beginning of the era of modern medicine, which has been arbitrarily set to the middle of the 19th century, when aseptic procedures, antiseptic substances and modern anesthetics were developed. After a brief discussion on the definition of "biomaterial" from an historical point of view and a short introduction on the general history of surgery and dentistry, each material or class of materials will be presented with references listed in chronological order and, where possible, with their real, scientifically demonstrated effects on biological tissues. Particular attention has been given to references that are nowadays considered spurious or affected by translation errors or other kinds of biases.
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Dental Materials; General Surgery; History of Dentistry; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; History, Ancient; Humans; Prostheses and Implants
PubMed: 32196949
DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36930 -
Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods Jun 2019A wide range of compounds are utilized in dentistry such as dental composites, resins, and implants. The successful clinical use of dental materials relies on theirm... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
A wide range of compounds are utilized in dentistry such as dental composites, resins, and implants. The successful clinical use of dental materials relies on theirm physiochemical properties as well as biological and toxicological reliability. Different local and systemic toxicities of dental materials have been reported. Placement of these materials in oral cavity for a long time period might yield unwanted reactions. An extensive variety of materials is used in dentistry including filling materials, restorative materials, intracanal medicines, prosthetic materials, different types of implants, liners, and irrigants. The increasing rate in development of the novel materials with applications in the dental field has led to an increased consciousness of the biological risks and tempting restrictions of these materials. The biocompatibility of a biomaterial used for the replacement or filling of biological tissue such as teeth always had a high concern within the health care disciplines for patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Any material used in humans should be tested before clinical application. There are many tests evaluating biocompatibility of these materials at the point of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical investigations.
RESULTS
The current review discusses the potential toxicity of dental material and screening of their biocompatibility.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
It is essential to use healthy and safe materials medical approaches. In dentistry, application of different materials in long-term oral usage demands low or nontoxic agents gains importance for both patients and the staff. Furthermore, screening tests should evaluate any potential toxicity before clinical application.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Dental Materials; Humans; Materials Testing
PubMed: 30642212
DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1566424 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Mar 2020Recent advances in the field of endodontics have greatly improved the outcome and success rate of dental materials. For last three decades, there has been great interest... (Review)
Review
Recent advances in the field of endodontics have greatly improved the outcome and success rate of dental materials. For last three decades, there has been great interest in the development of bioactive dental material with the ability to interact and induce surrounding dental tissues to promote regeneration of pulpal and periradicular tissues. As these bioactive materials are mainly based on calcium silicates, they are also referred to as Calcium Silicate materials. The first material introduced was Mineral Tri-oxide Aggregate, which, due to its favourable biological properties, gained importance initially. However, later, due to its drawbacks, liked is colouration, long setting time and difficult manipulation, several modifications were done and newer bioactive materials, such as Biodentine, BioAggregate, Endosequence, Calcium-Enriched Mixture etc., were developed. The main applications of these materials are for pulp capping (direc t/indirec t), pulpotomy, perforation repair, resorption defects, apexogenesis and as retrograde filling materials, apexification and endodontic sealers. This review discusses the various types of bioactive materials, their composition, setting mechanism, and literature evidence for current applications.
Topics: Bone Substitutes; Calcium Compounds; Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Materials; Humans; Hydroxyapatites; Regenerative Endodontics; Silicates
PubMed: 32207434
DOI: 10.5455/JPMA.16942 -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... Feb 2018To optimize the 3D printing of a dental material for provisional crown and bridge restorations using a low-cost stereolithography 3D printer; and compare its mechanical...
OBJECTIVES
To optimize the 3D printing of a dental material for provisional crown and bridge restorations using a low-cost stereolithography 3D printer; and compare its mechanical properties against conventionally cured provisional dental materials.
METHODS
Samples were 3D printed (25×2×2mm) using a commercial printable resin (NextDent C&B Vertex Dental) in a FormLabs1+ stereolithography 3D printer. The printing accuracy of printed bars was determined by comparing the width, length and thickness of samples for different printer settings (printing orientation and resin color) versus the set dimensions of CAD designs. The degree of conversion of the resin was measured with FTIR, and both the elastic modulus and peak stress of 3D printed bars was determined using a 3-point being test for different printing layer thicknesses. The results were compared to those for two conventionally cured provisional materials (Integrity, Dentsply; and Jet, Lang Dental Inc.).
RESULTS
Samples printed at 90° orientation and in a white resin color setting was chosen as the most optimal combination of printing parameters, due to the comparatively higher printing accuracy (up to 22% error), reproducibility and material usage. There was no direct correlation between printing layer thickness and elastic modulus or peak stress. 3D printed samples had comparable modulus to Jet, but significantly lower than Integrity. Peak stress for 3D printed samples was comparable to Integrity, and significantly higher than Jet. The degree of conversion of 3D printed samples also appeared higher than that of Integrity or Jet.
SIGNIFICANCE
Our results suggest that a 3D printable provisional restorative material allows for sufficient mechanical properties for intraoral use, despite the limited 3D printing accuracy of the printing system of choice.
Topics: Crowns; Dental Materials; Dental Prosthesis Design; Denture, Partial; Elastic Modulus; Humans; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Software; Surface Properties
PubMed: 29110921
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.10.003 -
Dental Materials Journal Mar 2019Currently, much has been published related to conventional resin-based composites and adhesives; however, little information is available about bioceramics-based... (Review)
Review
Currently, much has been published related to conventional resin-based composites and adhesives; however, little information is available about bioceramics-based restorative materials. The aim was to structure this topic into its component parts and to highlight the translational research that has been conducted up to the present time. A literature search was done from indexed journals up to September 2017. The main search terms used were based on dental resin-based composites, dental adhesives along with bioactive glass and the calcium phosphate family. The results showed that in 123 articles, amorphous calcium phosphate (39.83%), hydroxyapatite (23.5%), bioactive glass (16.2%), dicalcium phosphate (5.69%), monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (3.25%), and tricalcium phosphate (2.43%) have been used in restorative materials. Moreover, seven studies were found related to a newly developed commercial bioactive composite. The utilization of bioactive materials for tooth restorations can promote remineralization and a durable seal of the tooth-material interface.
Topics: Composite Resins; Dental Cements; Dental Materials; Glass; Materials Testing
PubMed: 30381635
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-039 -
Materials Science & Engineering. C,... May 2019Zirconia has emerged as a versatile dental material due to its excellent aesthetic outcomes such as color and opacity, unique mechanical properties that can mimic the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Zirconia has emerged as a versatile dental material due to its excellent aesthetic outcomes such as color and opacity, unique mechanical properties that can mimic the appearance of natural teeth and decrease peri-implant inflammatory reactions.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this review was to critically explore the state of art of zirconia surface treatment to enhance the biological and osseointegration behavior of zirconia in implant dentistry.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An electronic search in PubMed database was carried out until May 2018 using the following combination of key words and MeSH terms without time periods: "zirconia surface treatment" or "zirconia surface modification" or "zirconia coating" and "osseointegration" or "biological properties" or "bioactivity" or "functionally graded properties".
RESULTS
Previous studies have reported the influence of zirconia-based implant surface on the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblast and fibroblasts at the implant to bone interface during the osseointegration process. A large number of physicochemical methods have been used to change the implant surfaces and therefore to improve the early and late bone-to-implant integration, namely: acid etching, gritblasting, laser treatment, UV light, CVD, and PVD. The development of coatings composed of silica, magnesium, graphene, dopamine, and bioactive molecules has been assessed although the development of a functionally graded material for implants has shown encouraging mechanical and biological behavior.
CONCLUSION
Modified zirconia surfaces clearly demonstrate faster osseointegration than that on untreated surfaces. However, there is no consensus regarding the surface treatment and consequent morphological aspects of the surfaces to enhance osseointegration.
Topics: Animals; Dental Implants; Dental Materials; Dental Prosthesis Design; Humans; Osseointegration; Surface Properties; Zirconium
PubMed: 30813009
DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.062 -
Journal of Investigative and Clinical... Aug 2018A newly-recommended method for restoring large cavities is the biomimetic approach of using short fiber-reinforced composite (SFRC) as dentine-replacing material. The... (Review)
Review
A newly-recommended method for restoring large cavities is the biomimetic approach of using short fiber-reinforced composite (SFRC) as dentine-replacing material. The aim of the current review was to present an overview of SFRC and to give the clinician a detailed understanding of this new material and treatment strategy based on available-literature review. A thorough literature search was done up to December 2017. The range of relevant publications was surveyed using PubMed and Google Scholar. From the search results, articles related to our search terms were only considered. The search terms used were "short fiber-reinforced composite", "everX posterior", and "fiber-reinforced composite restorations". Of the assessed articles selected (N = 70), most were laboratory-based research with various test specimen designs prepared according to the ISO standard or with extracted teeth; only four articles were clinical reports. A common finding was that by combining the SFRC as a bulk base with conventional composite, the load-bearing capacity and failure mode of the material combination were improved, as compared to plain conventional composite restoration. In the reviewed studies, the biomimetic restoration technique of using SFRC showed promising characteristics, and therefore, might be recommended as an alternative treatment option for large cavities.
Topics: Composite Resins; Dental Materials; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dental Stress Analysis; Glass; Humans; Materials Testing; Polymers; Stress, Mechanical; Surface Properties
PubMed: 29479830
DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12330 -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... Mar 2022Bulk-fill resin composites are a special group of restorative materials designed to reduce chair time needed to insert a direct composite restoration. However, other...
OBJECTIVE
Bulk-fill resin composites are a special group of restorative materials designed to reduce chair time needed to insert a direct composite restoration. However, other factors determine the clinical success of a restorative material. Clinically the major reasons for failure of direct restorations are secondary caries and fracture of the restoration or the tooth itself. In the long-term composite resin restorations in posterior teeth may be prone to wear. As bulk-fill materials have their own composition that will determine their mechanical properties, the wear resistance may be affected as well. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the wear of bulk-fill composites in comparison with a conventional hybrid composite. The null hypothesis was that there are no differences between the four bulk-fill materials and one traditional highly filled nanohybrid composite for posterior use when subjected to a two-body wear rate test and hardness measurement.
METHODS
Four bulk-fill composites SDR Smart Dentin Replacement (SDR), X-tra base (XBA), FiltekBulk Fill (FUP), Dual-Curing Bulk Composite (FBFL) and conventional nanohybrid resin composite Grandio (GDO) subjected to a two-body wear test against a stainless steel (SS) antagonist wheel. Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis was performed to detect the surface alterations. Microhardness of all samples was tested (n = 5) with a Vickers diamond indenter (5 indentations in each specimen). One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (P < 0.01) were used to analyze differences in wear values. The hardness data were submitted to one-way ANOVA test, followed by the Tukey post hoc test (α = 0.05). T-test was applied to compare wear rate in time interval between one day and one month.
RESULTS
The highest wear rate values were recorded for SDR and the lowest wear rate values were for GDO. Hardness was the highest for GDO and the lowest for FBFL.
SIGNIFICANCE
The bulk-fill composites have a higher wear rate and lower hardness than the conventional nanohybrid composite, making them less suitable for stress-bearing restorations.
Topics: Composite Resins; Dental Materials; Hardness; Materials Testing
PubMed: 34972580
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.138 -
Drug Metabolism Reviews May 2020Nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) is a material with multiple uses due to its biocompatibility and its resemblance to the nonorganic bone structure. It is used in various...
Nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) is a material with multiple uses due to its biocompatibility and its resemblance to the nonorganic bone structure. It is used in various dental domains such as implantology, surgery, periodontology, esthetics and prevention. The aim of this study is to provide a wide understanding of nano-HA and to promote treatments based on nanomaterials in dentistry. A search in two data bases, Scopus, and PubMED, was conducted over a 5 years period. We chose a 5 years period because this revealed the most recent published studies with the key words 'nano-HA' and 'dentistry'. A number of 32 studies were included in this systematic review. In implantology the main use of nano-HA was as a coating material for titanium implants and its effect was assessed in the matter of osteointegration and inflammatory response as well as antibacterial activity. In tissue engineering the use of nano-HA was directed to surgery and periodontology and this material was assessed mainly as a grafting material. In esthetics and prevention its use was mainly focused on dentinal hypersensitivity treatment, remineralizing potential and as bleaching co-agent. Nano-HA is a relatively novel material with outstanding physical, chemical, mechanical and biological properties that makes it suitable for multiple interventions. It outperformed most of the classic materials used in implantology and surgery but it should be further investigated for bone engineering and caries therapy.
Topics: Animals; Dental Materials; Dental Prosthesis; Humans; Hydroxyapatites; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 32393070
DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2020.1758713