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Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy 2021The concept of regenerative endodontics wherein one can replace damaged pulp structures and recuperate the functionality in erstwhile necrotic and infected root canal... (Review)
Review
The concept of regenerative endodontics wherein one can replace damaged pulp structures and recuperate the functionality in erstwhile necrotic and infected root canal systems has been a cutting-edge technology. Though the notion started as early as the 1960s, even before the discovery of stem cells and regenerative medicine, it was in the 2000s that this procedure gained momentum. Ever since then, researchers continue to discover its essential benefit to immature teeth and its ability to overcome the caveats of endodontic therapy, which is commonly known as root canal treatment. Further, through this therapy, one can redevelop root even in immature teeth with necrotic pulps, which overall helps in maintaining skeletal and dental development. Past literature indicates that regenerative endodontic procedures seem to be successful, especially when compared with other conventional techniques such as Mineral Trioxide Aggregate apexification. Besides, many clinicians have begun to apply regenerative endodontic procedures to mature teeth in adult patients, with several clinical case reports that have shown complete resolution of signs and symptoms of pulp necrosis. Generally, the three most desirable outcomes anticipated by clinicians from this procedure include resolution of clinical signs and symptoms, root maturation and redevelopment of the neurogenesis process. Despite this, whether these objectives and true regeneration of the pulp/dentin complex are achieved is still a question mark. Following the discovery that regenerative endodontics indeed is a stem cell-based treatment, addressing the fundamental issue surrounding stem cells might assist in achieving all identified clinical outcomes while favoring tissue formation that closely resembles the pulp-dentin complex.
Topics: Apexification; Dental Pulp; Humans; Regenerative Endodontics; Regenerative Medicine; Root Canal Therapy; Stem Cell Transplantation
PubMed: 33198618
DOI: 10.2174/1574888X15999201116162256 -
Cell and Tissue Research Mar 2020Regenerative medicine is a branch of translational research that aims to reestablish irreparably damaged tissues and organs by stimulating the body's own repair... (Review)
Review
Regenerative medicine is a branch of translational research that aims to reestablish irreparably damaged tissues and organs by stimulating the body's own repair mechanisms via the implantation of stem cells differentiated into specialized cell types. A rich source of adult stem cells is located inside the tooth and is represented by human dental pulp stem cells, or hDPSCs. These cells are characterized by a high proliferative rate, have self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation properties and are often used for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The present review will provide an overview of hDPSCs and related features with a special focus on their potential applications in regenerative medicine of the nervous system, such as, for example, after spinal cord injury. Recent advances in the identification and characterization of dental stem cells and in dental tissue engineering strategies suggest that bioengineering approaches may successfully be used to regenerate districts of the central nervous system, previously considered irreparable.
Topics: Animals; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; Dental Pulp; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Nerve Regeneration; Spinal Cord Injuries
PubMed: 31776822
DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03109-4 -
Dental Clinics of North America Jan 2017Regenerative endodontic treatment has yielded excellent clinical outcomes, but only several animal studies have shown the robust regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex.... (Review)
Review
Regenerative endodontic treatment has yielded excellent clinical outcomes, but only several animal studies have shown the robust regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex. The biological molecules, if properly delivered, can enkindle regeneration of dental pulp and dentin rather than repair with tissues of periodontal origin. This review details the biological significance of regenerating the pulp-dentin complex, the effects of biological cues in pulp regeneration, and the delivery strategies of biological molecules to enhance the outcomes of regenerative endodontic therapy.
Topics: Animals; Biological Factors; Dental Pulp; Dentin; Humans; Regeneration
PubMed: 27912814
DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2016.08.005 -
Journal of Dental Research Mar 2018The proteome and N-terminome of the human odontoblast cell layer were identified for the first time by shotgun proteomic and terminal amine isotopic labeling of...
The proteome and N-terminome of the human odontoblast cell layer were identified for the first time by shotgun proteomic and terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates (TAILS) N-terminomic analyses, respectively, and compared with that of human dental pulp stroma from 26 third molar teeth. After reverse-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, >170,000 spectra from the shotgun and TAILS analyses were matched by 4 search engines to 4,888 and 12,063 peptides in the odontoblast cell layer and pulp stroma, respectively. Within these peptide groups, 1,543 and 5,841 protein N-termini, as well as 895 and 2,423 unique proteins, were identified with a false discovery rate of ≤1%. Thus, the human dental pulp proteome was expanded by 974 proteins not previously identified among the 4,123 proteins in our 2015 dental pulp study. Further, 222 proteins of the odontoblast cell layer were not found in the pulp stroma, suggesting many of these proteins are synthesized only by odontoblasts. When comparing the proteomes of older and younger donors, differences were more apparent in the odontoblast cell layer than in the dental pulp stroma. In the odontoblast cell layer proteome, we found proteomic evidence for dentin sialophosphoprotein, which is cleaved into dentin sialoprotein and dentin phosphoprotein. By exploring the proteome of the odontoblast cell layer and expanding the known dental pulp proteome, we found distinct proteome differences compared with each other and with dentin. Moreover, between 61% and 66% of proteins also occurred as proteoforms commencing with a neo-N-terminus not annotated in UniProt. Hence, TAILS increased proteome coverage and revealed considerable proteolytic processing, by identifying stable proteoforms in these dynamic dental tissues. All mass spectrometry raw data have been deposited to ProteomeXchange with the identifier
, with the accompanying metadata at Mendeley Data ( https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/b57zfh6wmy/1 ). Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Dental Pulp; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Molar, Third; Odontoblasts; Proteins; Proteome
PubMed: 29035686
DOI: 10.1177/0022034517736054 -
International Endodontic Journal Apr 2017Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels based on a pre-existing vasculature. It comprises two processes, sprouting of endothelial cells and the division of... (Review)
Review
Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels based on a pre-existing vasculature. It comprises two processes, sprouting of endothelial cells and the division of vessels due to abnormal growth of the microvasculature. It has been demonstrated that substance P (SP) can induce angiogenesis either by modulating endothelial cell growth (direct mechanism) or by attracting cells with angiogenic potential to the injury site (indirect mechanism). Therefore, the purpose of this article is to review the angiogenic mechanisms that regulate mineralized tissue formation in human dental pulp tissue and their relationship with SP expression as a defence response to stimuli such as the masticatory function and occlusal trauma. Articles included in this review were searched in PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science databases, combining the following keywords: human dentine pulp, angiogenesis, angiogenic growth factors, neuropeptides, substance P, neurogenic inflammation, dentine matrix, dentinogenesis, occlusal trauma and dental occlusion. It is concluded that human dental pulp tissue responds to occlusal trauma and masticatory function with a neurogenic inflammatory phenomenon in which SP plays an important role in the direct and indirect mechanisms of angiogenesis by the action evoked via NK1 receptors at different cells, such as fibroblasts, endothelial and inflammatory cells, leading to new blood vessel formation which are needed to stimulate mineralized tissue formation as a defence mechanism.
Topics: Dental Occlusion, Traumatic; Dental Pulp; Humans; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Substance P
PubMed: 26953220
DOI: 10.1111/iej.12627 -
Human Molecular Genetics Oct 2017Dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) are a relatively new alternative stem cell source for the study of neurogenetic disorders. DPSC can be obtained non-invasively and... (Review)
Review
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) are a relatively new alternative stem cell source for the study of neurogenetic disorders. DPSC can be obtained non-invasively and collected from long-distances remaining viable during transportation. These highly proliferative cells express stem cell markers and retain the ability to differentiate down multiple cell lineages including chondrocytes, adipocytes, osteoblasts, and multiple neuronal cell types. The neural crest origin of DPSC makes them a useful source of primary cells for modeling neurological disorders at the molecular level. In this brief review, we will discuss recent developments in DPSC research that highlight the molecular etiology of DPSC derived neurons and how they may contribute to our understanding of neurogenetic disorders.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adult Stem Cells; Cell Differentiation; Cell Lineage; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Chondrocytes; Dental Pulp; Humans; Models, Biological; Neural Crest; Neurons; Osteoblasts
PubMed: 28582499
DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx208 -
Archives of Oral Biology Feb 2015The aim of the present study was to systematically review the influence of orthodontic force on human dental pulp. (Review)
Review
AIM
The aim of the present study was to systematically review the influence of orthodontic force on human dental pulp.
METHODS AND RESULTS
The addressed focused question was "Do orthodontic forces affect the human dental pulp?" which was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a specific question was constructed according to the PICO (Participants, Interventions, Control, Outcomes) principle. Databases were explored from 1952 up to and including August 2014 using different combinations of the following keywords: "orthodontic force"; "dental pulp"; "reaction" and "tooth movement". Literature reviews, letters to the editor, commentaries and case-reports were excluded. Thirty studies were included. Six studies assessed the effect of orthodontic forces on pulpal blood flow and 20 studies investigated the pulpal cellular responses to orthodontic forces. In 4 studies, pulpal responses to orthodontic forces were compared between previously traumatized- and non-traumatized teeth.
CONCLUSIONS
There is insufficient scientific validation regarding the association between orthodontic forces and human dental pulp. However, a history of dental trauma maybe considered a risk factor for loss of pulp vitality during orthodontic treatment.
Topics: Dental Pulp; Humans; Risk Factors; Tooth Movement Techniques
PubMed: 25463910
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.11.011 -
BMC Oral Health Dec 2019Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonize the stomach and are considered an etiological agent of gastric cancer. The oral cavity is a transmission route to the stomach,...
BACKGROUND
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonize the stomach and are considered an etiological agent of gastric cancer. The oral cavity is a transmission route to the stomach, but the exact site of colonization has not yet been explicated. Our study investigated the association between H. pylori infection and presence in oral samples.
METHODS
Dental pulp, supragingival plaque, and saliva from 192 patients visiting the Dentistry's outpatient clinic were collected for testing. The H. pylori ureA gene was identified via Nested PCR. Urine anti-H. pylori antibody test was utilized to detect infection.
RESULTS
Twenty-five subjects were found to be antibody-positive. PCR analysis of dental pulp revealed that 23 subjects possessed the ureA gene. Twenty-one subjects were positive for both antibodies and genes in dental pulp. PCR testing revealed that 2 subjects were positive in dental plaque but negative for saliva. The subjects positive for H. pylori in dental pulp expressed clinical signs of severe dental caries.
CONCLUSIONS
H. pylori infected subjects expressed H. pylori in samples from the oral cavity. The main reservoir for infection within the oral cavity was determined to be dental pulp. Moreover, H. pylori are likely transmitted from dental caries to the root canal.
Topics: Adult; Dental Caries; Dental Pulp; Female; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Japan; Male; Saliva
PubMed: 31791309
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0967-2 -
Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi =... Jun 2018Recently, various levels of success have been achieved in dental pulp and dentin regeneration using latest techniques such as pulp revascularization, stem cell... (Review)
Review
Recently, various levels of success have been achieved in dental pulp and dentin regeneration using latest techniques such as pulp revascularization, stem cell transplantation and cell homing. These cutting-edge technologies utilize stem cell mobilization, homing and directional differentiation, stem cell sub-population isolation, expansion and transplantation, modification and optimization of biomaterials and/or synergetic effects of biological cues. The objective of this review is to identify approaches for clinical translation and improve the success rates of pulp regeneration. We will focus on either basic and clinical research progress of dental pulp revascularization, or translational challenges and strategies of stem cell transplantation and cell homing in dental pulp regeneration.
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Cell Differentiation; Cell Movement; Dental Pulp; Dentin; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization; Regeneration; Stem Cell Transplantation; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 29886628
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1002-0098.2018.06.001 -
Molecular Biology Reports Apr 2021Since the discovery of dental pulp stem cells, a lot of teams have expressed an interest in dental pulp regeneration. Many approaches, experimental models and biological... (Review)
Review
Since the discovery of dental pulp stem cells, a lot of teams have expressed an interest in dental pulp regeneration. Many approaches, experimental models and biological explorations have been developed, each including the use of stem cells and scaffolds with the final goal being clinical application in humans. In this review, the authors' objective was to compare the experimental models and strategies used for the development of biomaterials for tissue engineering of dental pulp with stem cells. Electronic queries were conducted on PubMed using the following terms: pulp regeneration, scaffold, stem cells, tissue engineering and biomaterial. The extracted data included the following information: the strategy envisaged, the type of stem cells, the experimental models, the exploration or analysis methods, the cytotoxicity or viability or proliferation cellular tests, the tests of scaffold antibacterial properties and take into account the vascularization of the regenerated dental pulp. From the 71 selected articles, 59% focused on the "cell-transplantation" strategy, 82% used in vitro experimentation, 58% in vivo animal models and only one described an in vivo in situ human clinical study. 87% used dental pulp stem cells. A majority of the studies reported histology (75%) and immunohistochemistry explorations (66%). 73% mentioned the use of cytotoxicity, proliferation or viability tests. 48% took vascularization into account but only 6% studied the antibacterial properties of the scaffolds. This article gives an overview of the methods used to regenerate dental pulp from stem cells and should help researchers create the best development strategies for research in this field.
Topics: Animals; Dental Implantation; Dental Pulp; Humans; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Regeneration; Stem Cell Transplantation; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 33761086
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06299-9