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Human Molecular Genetics Oct 2017Dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) are a relatively new alternative stem cell source for the study of neurogenetic disorders. DPSC can be obtained non-invasively and... (Review)
Review
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) are a relatively new alternative stem cell source for the study of neurogenetic disorders. DPSC can be obtained non-invasively and collected from long-distances remaining viable during transportation. These highly proliferative cells express stem cell markers and retain the ability to differentiate down multiple cell lineages including chondrocytes, adipocytes, osteoblasts, and multiple neuronal cell types. The neural crest origin of DPSC makes them a useful source of primary cells for modeling neurological disorders at the molecular level. In this brief review, we will discuss recent developments in DPSC research that highlight the molecular etiology of DPSC derived neurons and how they may contribute to our understanding of neurogenetic disorders.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adult Stem Cells; Cell Differentiation; Cell Lineage; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Chondrocytes; Dental Pulp; Humans; Models, Biological; Neural Crest; Neurons; Osteoblasts
PubMed: 28582499
DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx208 -
Development, Growth & Differentiation Dec 2019Dental stem cells for dental pulp regeneration have become a new strategy for pulpitis treatment. Angiogenesis and neurogenesis play a vital role in the pulp-dentin...
Dental stem cells for dental pulp regeneration have become a new strategy for pulpitis treatment. Angiogenesis and neurogenesis play a vital role in the pulp-dentin complex regeneration, and appropriate growth factors will promote the process of angiogenesis and neurogenesis. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) is involved in the regulation of tooth growth and development. A previous study showed that IGFBP5 enhanced osteo/odontogenic differentiation of dental stem cells. Our research intends to reveal the function of IGFBP5 in the angiogenic and neurogenic differentiation of human dental stem cells. Human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were used in the present study. Lentiviral IGFBP5 shRNA was used to silence the IGFBP5. Retroviruses expressing Wild-type IGFBP5 were used to over-express IGFBP5. Angiogenic and neurogenic differentiation were carried out by in vitro study. Real-time RT-PCR and western blot results showed that over-expression of IGFBP5 upregulated the expressions of angiogenic markers, including VEGF, PDGFA and ANG-1, and neurogenic markers, including NCAM, TH, Nestin, βIII-tubulin, and TH, in DPSCs. Moreover, microscope observation confirmed that over-expression of IGFBP5 enhanced neurosphere formation in DPSCs in size and amount. Immunofluorescence staining results showed that over-expression of IGFBP5 also prompted the percentage of Nestin and βIII-tubulin positive neurospheres in DPSCs. While depletion of IGFBP5 downregulated the expressions of VEGF, PDGFA, ANG-1, NCAM, TH, Nestin, βIII-tubulin, and TH, it decreased the neurosphere formation and percentage of Nestin and βIII-tubulin positive neurospheres in DPSCs. In conclusion, our results revealed that IGFBP5 promoted angiogenic and neurogenic differentiation potential of DPSCs in vitro and provided the possible potential target for enhancing directed differentiation of dental stem cells and dental pulp-dentin functional regeneration.
Topics: Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Dental Pulp; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Stem Cells
PubMed: 31599466
DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12632 -
Archives of Oral Biology Feb 2015The aim of the present study was to systematically review the influence of orthodontic force on human dental pulp. (Review)
Review
AIM
The aim of the present study was to systematically review the influence of orthodontic force on human dental pulp.
METHODS AND RESULTS
The addressed focused question was "Do orthodontic forces affect the human dental pulp?" which was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a specific question was constructed according to the PICO (Participants, Interventions, Control, Outcomes) principle. Databases were explored from 1952 up to and including August 2014 using different combinations of the following keywords: "orthodontic force"; "dental pulp"; "reaction" and "tooth movement". Literature reviews, letters to the editor, commentaries and case-reports were excluded. Thirty studies were included. Six studies assessed the effect of orthodontic forces on pulpal blood flow and 20 studies investigated the pulpal cellular responses to orthodontic forces. In 4 studies, pulpal responses to orthodontic forces were compared between previously traumatized- and non-traumatized teeth.
CONCLUSIONS
There is insufficient scientific validation regarding the association between orthodontic forces and human dental pulp. However, a history of dental trauma maybe considered a risk factor for loss of pulp vitality during orthodontic treatment.
Topics: Dental Pulp; Humans; Risk Factors; Tooth Movement Techniques
PubMed: 25463910
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.11.011 -
International Endodontic Journal Jul 2016To investigate the inflammatory response of dental pulp fibroblasts and the respective explants to whole saliva.
AIM
To investigate the inflammatory response of dental pulp fibroblasts and the respective explants to whole saliva.
METHODOLOGY
Explants from human and porcine dental pulp tissue and isolated dental pulp fibroblasts were used to investigate the inflammatory response to sterile saliva. Cytokine and chemokine expression was assessed by RT-PCR. Western blot analysis and pharmacologic inhibitors were used to determine the involvement of signalling pathways.
RESULTS
Dental pulp explants of human and porcine origin exposed to human saliva exhibited no major changes of IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expression (P > 0.05). In contrast, isolated porcine and human dental pulp fibroblasts, when stimulated with human saliva, exhibited a vastly increased expression of IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA (P < 0.05). In pulp fibroblasts, saliva also increased the expression of other cytokines and chemokines via activation of NFkappaB, ERK and p38 signalling. Notably, a significantly reduced inflammatory response was elicited when pulp fibroblasts were transiently exposed to saliva.
CONCLUSIONS
Saliva has a potential impact on inflammation of dental pulp fibroblasts in vitro but not when cells are embedded in the intrinsic extracellular matrix of the explant tissue.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Blotting, Western; Chemokines; Cytokines; Dental Pulp; Fibroblasts; Humans; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Saliva; Swine; Transcriptome
PubMed: 26114806
DOI: 10.1111/iej.12493 -
Journal of Biomechanical Engineering Jun 2016Availability of material as well as biological properties of native tissues is critical for biomaterial design and synthesis for regenerative engineering. Until...
Availability of material as well as biological properties of native tissues is critical for biomaterial design and synthesis for regenerative engineering. Until recently, selection of biomaterials and biomolecule carriers for dental pulp regeneration has been done randomly or based on experience mainly due to the absence of benchmark data for dental pulp tissue. This study, for the first time, characterizes the linear viscoelastic material functions and compressive properties of human dental pulp tissue harvested from wisdom teeth, under oscillatory shear and compression. The results revealed a gel-like behavior of the pulp tissue over the frequency range of 0.1-100 rps. Uniaxial compression tests generated peak normal stress and compressive modulus values of 39.1 ± 20.4 kPa and 5.5 ± 2.8 kPa, respectively. Taken collectively, the linear viscoelastic and uniaxial compressive properties of the human dental pulp tissue reported here should enable the better tailoring of biomaterials or biomolecule carriers to be employed in dental pulp regeneration.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Compressive Strength; Dental Pulp; Humans; Linear Models; Materials Testing; Shear Strength; Stress, Mechanical; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 27093446
DOI: 10.1115/1.4033437 -
Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi =... Jun 2018Recently, various levels of success have been achieved in dental pulp and dentin regeneration using latest techniques such as pulp revascularization, stem cell... (Review)
Review
Recently, various levels of success have been achieved in dental pulp and dentin regeneration using latest techniques such as pulp revascularization, stem cell transplantation and cell homing. These cutting-edge technologies utilize stem cell mobilization, homing and directional differentiation, stem cell sub-population isolation, expansion and transplantation, modification and optimization of biomaterials and/or synergetic effects of biological cues. The objective of this review is to identify approaches for clinical translation and improve the success rates of pulp regeneration. We will focus on either basic and clinical research progress of dental pulp revascularization, or translational challenges and strategies of stem cell transplantation and cell homing in dental pulp regeneration.
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Cell Differentiation; Cell Movement; Dental Pulp; Dentin; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization; Regeneration; Stem Cell Transplantation; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 29886628
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1002-0098.2018.06.001 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2019Dental caries is an infectious oral disease caused primarily by complex interactions of cariogenic oral flora (biofilm) with dietary carbohydrates on the tooth surface...
Dental caries is an infectious oral disease caused primarily by complex interactions of cariogenic oral flora (biofilm) with dietary carbohydrates on the tooth surface over time. Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus (S. mutans and S. sobrinus) are the most prevalent cariogenic species within the oral biofilm and considered the main etiological agents of caries. Pulp exposure and infection can be caused by trauma, carious lesion, and mechanical reasons. Pulp response to these exposures depends on the state of the pulp as well as the potential bacterial contamination of pulp tissue. Herein, we describe the process of using two in vivo rodent models to study the progression of dental caries and pulp disease: a nutritional microbial model and a pulp disease induction model. The progression of the carious lesion and pulpal infections in both models was assessed by micro-CT imaging and histomorphometric analysis. Moreover, the pulp disease induction models can be used to compare and assess the antibacterial and reparative properties of the different pulp capping materials.
Topics: Animals; Biofilms; Dental Caries; Dental Pulp; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus sobrinus; X-Ray Microtomography
PubMed: 30838593
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9012-2_35 -
Saudi Medical Journal Dec 2015Inflammatory periodontal disease is a major cause of loss of tooth-supporting structures. Novel approaches for regeneration of periodontal apparatus is an area of... (Review)
Review
Inflammatory periodontal disease is a major cause of loss of tooth-supporting structures. Novel approaches for regeneration of periodontal apparatus is an area of intensive research. Periodontal tissue engineering implies the use of appropriate regenerative cells, delivered through a suitable scaffold, and guided through signaling molecules. Dental pulp stem cells have been used in an increasing number of studies in dental tissue engineering. Those cells show mesenchymal (stromal) stem cell-like properties including self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potentials, aside from their relative accessibility and pleasant handling properties. The purpose of this article is to review the biological principles of periodontal tissue engineering, along with the challenges facing the development of a consistent and clinically relevant tissue regeneration platform. This article includes an updated review on dental pulp stem cells and their applications in periodontal regeneration, in combination with different scaffolds and growth factors.
Topics: Dental Pulp; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Regeneration; Stem Cells; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 26620980
DOI: 10.15537/smj.2015.12.12750 -
Molecular Biology Reports Apr 2021Since the discovery of dental pulp stem cells, a lot of teams have expressed an interest in dental pulp regeneration. Many approaches, experimental models and biological... (Review)
Review
Since the discovery of dental pulp stem cells, a lot of teams have expressed an interest in dental pulp regeneration. Many approaches, experimental models and biological explorations have been developed, each including the use of stem cells and scaffolds with the final goal being clinical application in humans. In this review, the authors' objective was to compare the experimental models and strategies used for the development of biomaterials for tissue engineering of dental pulp with stem cells. Electronic queries were conducted on PubMed using the following terms: pulp regeneration, scaffold, stem cells, tissue engineering and biomaterial. The extracted data included the following information: the strategy envisaged, the type of stem cells, the experimental models, the exploration or analysis methods, the cytotoxicity or viability or proliferation cellular tests, the tests of scaffold antibacterial properties and take into account the vascularization of the regenerated dental pulp. From the 71 selected articles, 59% focused on the "cell-transplantation" strategy, 82% used in vitro experimentation, 58% in vivo animal models and only one described an in vivo in situ human clinical study. 87% used dental pulp stem cells. A majority of the studies reported histology (75%) and immunohistochemistry explorations (66%). 73% mentioned the use of cytotoxicity, proliferation or viability tests. 48% took vascularization into account but only 6% studied the antibacterial properties of the scaffolds. This article gives an overview of the methods used to regenerate dental pulp from stem cells and should help researchers create the best development strategies for research in this field.
Topics: Animals; Dental Implantation; Dental Pulp; Humans; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Regeneration; Stem Cell Transplantation; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 33761086
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06299-9 -
Journal of Endodontics Apr 2017Dental pulp-derived stem cells (DPSCs) have the potential to regenerate dentin and dental pulp tissue because of their differentiation capacity and angiogenic...
INTRODUCTION
Dental pulp-derived stem cells (DPSCs) have the potential to regenerate dentin and dental pulp tissue because of their differentiation capacity and angiogenic properties. However, for regenerative approaches to gain regulatory and clinical acceptance, protocols are needed to determine more feasible ways to cultivate DPSCs, namely, without the use of xenogeneic-derived components (animal sera) and exogenous growth factors.
METHODS
In this study, human DPSCs were isolated from third molars and expanded in standard culture conditions containing fetal bovine serum (DPSCs-FBS) or conditions containing human serum (DPSCs-HS). After cell characterization and evaluation of their angiogenic secretome, DPSCs were seeded in tooth slice/scaffolds and implanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. After 30 days, tooth slices were retrieved and evaluated for dental pulp tissue regeneration. Immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy were used to quantify blood vessel formation and evaluate predentin and dentin formation.
RESULTS
After culture, DPSCs-HS produced concentrations of angiogenic growth factors equivalent to DPSCs-FBS. Additionally, in DPSCs-HS, several angiogenic factors were produced in at least 1-fold higher concentrations than in DPSCs-FBS. In vivo, it was determined that DPSCs-HS produced a robust angiogenic response and regeneration of dentin equivalent to DPSCs-FBS.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings show that DPSCs can be isolated and expanded to clinical scale numbers in media devoid of animal serum or exogenous growth factors and still maintain their pulp regenerative properties. The implications of these findings are significant for further development of clinical protocols using DPSCs in cell therapies.
Topics: Adolescent; Cell Proliferation; Culture Media; Dental Pulp; Humans; Microscopy, Confocal; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Regeneration; Stem Cells; Tissue Scaffolds; Young Adult
PubMed: 28216268
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.11.018