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BMC Oral Health May 2023To assess the anti-plaque effect of a high concentration sodium bicarbonate dentifrice on plaque formation, and gingivitis, as compared to a control toothpaste,... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
The anti-plaque effect of high concentration sodium bicarbonate dentifrice on plaque formation and gingival inflammation, irrespective to individual polishing technique and plaque quality.
AIM
To assess the anti-plaque effect of a high concentration sodium bicarbonate dentifrice on plaque formation, and gingivitis, as compared to a control toothpaste, irrespective of individual brushing technique and plaque quality.
METHODS
The experimental gingivitis model, with a split-mouth design was used to assess the anti-plaque effect of a high concentration sodium bicarbonate dentifrice on plaque formation. By producing individual fitted trays, the toothpaste was applied in the test quadrant and a control dentifrice in the contralateral. The participants used the individual fitted trays for 1 min every morning and evening, for 21 days. In this period, the participants was only allowed to brush the teeth in the opposite jaw, as usual. Twenty healthy individuals successfully completed the study.
RESULTS
At 21 days, there was no statistically significant difference between test quadrant and control quadrant with regard to plaque indices, gingival index and number of bleeding sites.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated that the high concentration sodium bicarbonate dentifrice used did not produce statistically significant anti-plaque effect compared to the control dentifrice, in terms of Plaque- and Gingival Indices, number of bleeding sites or by Quigely and Hein, the Turesky modification Plaque Index, irrespective of brushing technique and individual plaque quality.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Regional Committee for Medical Research and Ethics, South-East Norway in 2021 (REK.2021/370116).
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT05441371 (First registered 09/06/2022, First posted 01/07/2022) ( http://www.
CLINICALTRIALS
gov ). (Retrospectively registered).
Topics: Humans; Bicarbonates; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Dentifrices; Double-Blind Method; Gingivitis; Inflammation; Sodium Bicarbonate; Toothpastes
PubMed: 37170260
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03005-y -
Brazilian Dental Journal Oct 2015Dentifrice abrasiveness and brushing time may increase color change (∆E) and surface roughness (∆Ra) of resin composites. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of...
Dentifrice abrasiveness and brushing time may increase color change (∆E) and surface roughness (∆Ra) of resin composites. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of mechanical brushing time of dentifrices with different abrasiveness on ∆E and ∆Ra of nanofilled (Z350, 3M ESPE) and nanohybrid (Tetric N-Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent) resin composites. Sixteen specimens (12 mm diameter x 2 mm thick) were fabricated using a white Teflon matrix of each resin composite and a ceramic (IPS e.max Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent), used as control. After initial color readouts on white backgrounds (Spectrophotometer PCB 6807, Byk Gardner), with D65 standard illuminant, and surface roughness (Rugosimeter Surfcorder SE 1700, Kosalab) with cut-off=0.8 mm and speed=0.25 mm/s, specimens were assigned (n=8) according to the abrasiveness of the dentifrices: RDA* 68 (Colgate) and RDA* 180 (Colgate Total Plus Whitening). Specimens were submitted to mechanical brushing (58,400 cycles) and after every 14,600 cycles (1 year of brushing by a healthy individual), new color and surface roughness readouts were taken. Color stability was calculated by CIEDE2000. Data were analyzed by 3-way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni test (p<0.05), and demonstrated that the dentifrice abrasiveness (p=0.02) and brushing time (p<0.0001) affected the ∆E of nanofilled resin composite. There was no difference on surface roughness of materials (p=0.6752) or brushing time (p=0.7997). In conclusion, the longer the brushing time and dentifrice abrasiveness, the greater the color change of the nanofilled resin composite. The surface roughness was not influenced by dentifrice abrasiveness.
Topics: Color; Composite Resins; Dentifrices; Surface Properties; Toothbrushing
PubMed: 26647937
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201300399 -
American Journal of Dentistry Jun 2022To evaluate the laboratory long-term effect of various whitening dentifrices on the surface roughness of two brands of resin composite (TPH ST, Filtek Bulk Fill One)...
PURPOSE
To evaluate the laboratory long-term effect of various whitening dentifrices on the surface roughness of two brands of resin composite (TPH ST, Filtek Bulk Fill One) using a mechanical toothbrushing simulation.
METHODS
Thirty-two samples each of Filtek and TPH were fabricated in ring molds 10 x 1 mm. Samples were randomly grouped (n=8; four groups), according to dentifrice used; Crest 3D, Optic White, Hello (charcoal), and Aim as control. Samples were brushed in mixed solutions containing deionized water and dentifrice at 150 gf for 10,000x with rotation to ensure uniform brushing. Surface roughness was measured both before (baseline) and after the mechanical toothbrushing simulation using a stylus profilometer. Data collected was compared independently for each treatment using two-way ANOVA and SNK with α< 0.05 for significance.
RESULTS
The data showed that TPH was more susceptible to the abrasive nature of three of the whitening dentifrices tested [Crest 3D, Optic White, and Hello (charcoal) ]. Filtek also exhibited significant susceptibility to the abrasive nature of Hello. Aim showed the least or minimal amount of abrasion.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
TPH ST composite was more susceptible to the abrasive nature of the three whitening dentifrices tested [Crest 3D, Optic White, and Hello (charcoal)]. Filtek also exhibited significant susceptibility to the abrasive nature of Hello. Aside from the data supporting the clinical efficacy of TPH compared to Filtek, clinicians should inform patients of the abrasive capacity of all whitening dentifrices, especially those that are charcoal based.
Topics: Charcoal; Dentifrices; Humans; Surface Properties; Toothbrushing
PubMed: 35798712
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Dentistry Oct 2016To compare the in vitro effectiveness of two mouthrinses containing different concentrations of NaF to reduce enamel lesion demineralization. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
PURPOSE
To compare the in vitro effectiveness of two mouthrinses containing different concentrations of NaF to reduce enamel lesion demineralization.
METHODS
Nine extracted caries-free molars were selected and cleaned. The teeth were painted with acid resistant varnish, leaving a 1 mm × 4 mm window exposed. The teeth were cycled in a demineralizing solution at pH 4.5 for a total for 96 hours. The teeth were sectioned longitudinally through the unpainted window using a hard-tissue microtome, producing 96 sections. The sections were measured and photographed under polarized light microscopy using water and Thoulet's 1.47 as imbibing mediums. Six treatment groups were randomly created: (A) water control group, (B) 0.05% rinse group once a day (C) 0.02% rinse group twice a day, (D) 1,500 ppm paste group used twice a day, (E) combination group containing 0.05% rinse once a day, and 1,500 ppm paste twice a day, and (F) combination group containing 0.02% rinse and 1,500 ppm paste twice a day. A 10-day cycling protocol was carried out. All sections were then re-measured and re-photographed. A statistical analysis was performed to detect any differences between pre- and post-treatment groups.
RESULTS
There was a statistically significant difference in lesion depth between the water control group and the 1,500 ppm paste group as well as the 0.05% rinse in combination with 1,500 ppm paste group (P= 0.0184). No statistically significant differences were found between the control group and any other groups. A statistically significant difference was found in lesion area between the two rinse groups alone and the 1,500 ppm paste group, as well as the 0.05% rinse in combination with the 1,500 ppm paste group (P= 0.0002). An analysis of the results suggested that both rinse concentrations performed equally well in reducing lesion demineralization when used alone. However, only the 0.05% rinse used in combination with 1,500 ppm paste decreased lesion demineralization as compared to the water control group, and was equally as effective as the 1,500 ppm paste alone.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it was found that a fluoride containing dentifrice (1,500 ppm) and a combination of a fluoride containing dentifrice (1,500 ppm) and a 0.05% (210 ppm) fluoride rinse were more effective at reducing demineralization of enamel lesions than sodium fluoride rinses at concentrations of 0.02% and 0.05% alone or the combination of 0.02% NaF rinse with fluoride toothpaste.
Topics: Cariostatic Agents; Dental Enamel; Dentifrices; Hardness; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Molar; Sodium Fluoride; Tooth Demineralization; Tooth Remineralization
PubMed: 29178734
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Clinical Dentistry Sep 2018To develop flavors for oral care formulations containing zinc oxide, zinc citrate and L-arginine that are stable for the toothpaste shelf life, mask the unpleasant...
OBJECTIVES
To develop flavors for oral care formulations containing zinc oxide, zinc citrate and L-arginine that are stable for the toothpaste shelf life, mask the unpleasant astringency and metallic off notes of the base, have an appealing taste which pleases global consumers, stimulate regimen compliance, and therefore help deliver whole mouth health benefits to people throughout the world.
METHODS
For stability evaluation, flavor materials were formulated in Dual Zinc plus Arginine base and these samples were subjected to accelerated aging which consists of exposure to a temperature of 49°C for 6 weeks. The samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC FID) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC MS) to confirm stability or establish changes in the chemical profile - loss of material and generation of degradation compounds. These samples were evaluated organoleptically by a flavor expert for taste acceptability and changes due to instability. Using state-of-the-art flavor expertise, tailor-made flavors were created. Their consumer appeal and acceptance were validated with monadic identified product tests. Their cooling attributes were evaluated by a panel of creative flavorists.
RESULTS
Certain classes of flavor molecules were not stable in the zinc and arginine-containing dentifrice. This significantly limited the choice of flavor materials that could be used to mitigate the undesirable taste of the dentifrice excipients and provide consumer acceptable taste. Through understanding of consumer expectations and needs, creative formulation using stable raw materials, and various novel cooling technologies, we were able to prepare flavors that successfully masked the unpleasant mouth sensation of the zinc and arginine-containing base. These specially designed flavors also provided impactful long-lasting cooling and freshness, thus complementing the toothpaste's therapeutic benefits. Consumer tests validated that these flavors had strong performance and acceptability among users of the original Colgate® Total® triclosan-containing dentifrice.
CONCLUSIONS
Combining in-depth flavor scientific research and formulation creativity, we were able to deliver flavors that are stable and appealing to the global consumer for Colgate's new therapeutic segment.
Topics: Flavoring Agents; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Patient Comfort; Taste; Toothbrushing; Toothpastes; Zinc Compounds
PubMed: 30620867
DOI: No ID Found -
Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor... 2020Activated charcoal-based whitening dentifrices claim to whiten teeth. Scientific evidence for the actual whitening effect, however, is still limited. A search in PubMed...
Activated charcoal-based whitening dentifrices claim to whiten teeth. Scientific evidence for the actual whitening effect, however, is still limited. A search in PubMed shows one randomized controlled double blinded in vitro study in which the'Black is White Curaprox® dentifrice is less effective in reducing extrinsic staining than other whitening dentifrices. One systematic literature review and one review article concluded there is insufficient scientific evidence to substantiate the cosmetic benefits of charcoal-based dentifrices.
Topics: Dentifrices; Humans; Silicon Dioxide; Sodium Fluoride; Tooth Bleaching; Tooth Discoloration
PubMed: 32840494
DOI: 10.5177/ntvt.2020.07/08.20020 -
International Journal of Paediatric... Jan 2021The influence of parental education, choice of child dentifrice, and its impact on their children's dental caries experience remain unclear.
BACKGROUND
The influence of parental education, choice of child dentifrice, and its impact on their children's dental caries experience remain unclear.
AIM
To investigate (a) dentifrice types used by Australian pre-school children, (b) demographic factors that influence parents' dentifrice choice, and (c) whether dentifrice type is related to pre-schooler's caries experience.
DESIGN
155 parent-child dyads were recruited from five random metropolitan childcare centres. Parents completed a questionnaire recording relevant demographics and child dietary preferences, oral hygiene practice, and dental visits. One calibrated operator performed a clinical examination of their pre-schooler for evidence of carious lesions. Data were analysed, and comparisons between variables made using chi-square tests and regression models.
RESULTS
50% of pre-schoolers used <1000 ppm fluoride dentifrice and 29% used non-fluoridated dentifrice. Higher parental education level was associated with the use of non-fluoridated dentifrice (P = .02, χ = 0.034). Children with higher brushing frequency were more likely to use fluoridated dentifrice (P = .03, χ < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The proportion of Australian pre-schoolers using non-fluoridated dentifrice was higher than in other world regions. Higher parental education level was strongly associated with choosing non-fluoridated toothpaste, which warrants further qualitative analysis to assess determinants for parents' choice of child dentifrice.
Topics: Australia; Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Dentifrices; Fluorides; Humans; Oral Hygiene; Parents
PubMed: 32815573
DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12716 -
Journal of Breath Research Apr 2021The oral malodor reduction efficacy of dentifrices containing stannous fluoride (SnF) or zinc plus arginine (Zn/Arg) was evaluated using a halimeter to measure volatile...
The oral malodor reduction efficacy of dentifrices containing stannous fluoride (SnF) or zinc plus arginine (Zn/Arg) was evaluated using a halimeter to measure volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in two randomized, controlled, single-blind, cross-over pilot clinical trials. Study 1 (= 16) had five 1100 ppm F dentifrices and five treatment periods: negative control (NC): 0.243% sodium fluoride (NaF); SnFA: 0.454% SnF+ pyrophosphate; SnFB: 0.454% SnF+ sodium hexametaphosphate; SnFC: 0.454% SnF+ citrate; and SnFD: experimental 0.454% SnFwith increased bioavailable Sn. Study 2 (= 16) had four 1450 ppm F dentifrices and four treatment periods: NC: 0.1% NaF + 0.76% sodium monofluorophosphate; Zn/Arg: NaF + zinc + arginine; SnFE: 0.454% SnF+ 0.078% NaF + sodium hexametaphosphate; SnFF: 0.454% SnF+ 0.078% NaF + citrate. Each period took 96 h; baseline (day 0) morning to day 4 morning. Subjects brushed 2/day with the treatment dentifrice. VSC levels were measured in the morning, prior to morning brushing, on days 0 and 4. Changes in VSC scores from day 0 to day 4 were assessed using a mixed-model analysis of covariance for cross-over studies. In study 1, SnFdentifrices B, C and D showed statistically significant reductions (31.3%, 24.8%, 34%, respectively) in VSC scores versus baseline (< 0.001); the benefits of these treatments versus NC and SnFdentifrice A were statistically significant (⩽ 0.001). In study 2, SnFdentifrices E and F showed statistically significant reductions (31.2%, 22.1%, respectively) in VSC scores versus baseline (⩽ 0.010); the benefits of these treatments versus NC and the Zn/Arg dentifrice were statistically significant (⩽ 0.035). The Zn/Arg dentifrice showed a significant increase of 35.2% (< 0.001) in VSC scores versus baseline. These studies demonstrated that SnFdentifrices can provide significant oral malodor reductions, but the benefit is formulation dependent. The presence of SnFis not sufficient to ensure efficacy. The Zn/Arg dentifrice increased VSC levels, indicating greater malodor.: 20190429 and 20191028.
Topics: Breath Tests; Dentifrices; Double-Blind Method; Halitosis; Humans; Single-Blind Method; Sodium Fluoride; Tin Fluorides
PubMed: 33765667
DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/abf209 -
Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor... Feb 2020Oral care products with active oxygen, such as Blue®m, can be used to support daily oral care. The question is, what evidence is currently available about the...
Oral care products with active oxygen, such as Blue®m, can be used to support daily oral care. The question is, what evidence is currently available about the effectivity of Blue®m? In PubMed, 1 randomised controlled trial and 1 summary of a trial were found in which a Blue®m product was examined. Case studies were also found on the Blue®m website, none of which met the CARE criteria for describing case studies. After analyzing the scientific article and conducting a short-term pilot study, it can be concluded that there is currently no evidence that Blue®m oral care products are more effective than other oral care products.
Topics: Dentifrices; Humans; Oral Hygiene; Oxygen; Pilot Projects; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 32271323
DOI: 10.5177/ntvt.2020.02.19090 -
Letters in Applied Microbiology Feb 2023Human saliva contains natural antimicrobial enzymes. In this in-vitro study, we evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a dentifrice containing a salivary enzyme complex...
A dentifrice containing salivary enzymes and xylitol exhibits superior antimicrobial activity in vitro against adherent Streptococcus mutans compared to a chlorhexidine dentifrice.
Human saliva contains natural antimicrobial enzymes. In this in-vitro study, we evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a dentifrice containing a salivary enzyme complex (SEC) with xylitol versus a standard 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) dentifrice. Adherent cells of Streptococcus gordonii, Strep. mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp polymorphum, and Corynebacterium matruchotii were exposed to SEC-xylitol and CHX dentifrices for 2 min and viable CFUs were enumerated. Exposure to the SEC-xylitol dentifrice resulted in a significant reduction in bacterial viability, which was greater than that shown by the CHX dentifrice, against all organisms tested. The SEC-xylitol dentifrice also exhibited greater antimicrobial activity against all organsims in well diffusion assays compared to CHX. Dentifrice activity was also evaluated against a three species community of Strep. gordonii, Strep. mutans, and Coryne. matruchotii using bacterial live/dead stain. The SEC-xylitol dentifrice was at least as effective as CHX in removal of the multispecies community. The combination of SEC and xylitol generates a highly effective antimicrobial dentifrice with greater antibacterial activity than a standard 0.12% CHX formulations. SEC and xylitol combinations are worthy of further investigation for routine use and in the management of gingivitis and periodontal disease.
Topics: Humans; Chlorhexidine; Streptococcus mutans; Xylitol; Dentifrices; Anti-Infective Agents; Streptococcal Infections; Multienzyme Complexes
PubMed: 36764670
DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad026