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British Dental Journal Dec 20153D printing has been hailed as a disruptive technology which will change manufacturing. Used in aerospace, defence, art and design, 3D printing is becoming a subject of... (Review)
Review
3D printing has been hailed as a disruptive technology which will change manufacturing. Used in aerospace, defence, art and design, 3D printing is becoming a subject of great interest in surgery. The technology has a particular resonance with dentistry, and with advances in 3D imaging and modelling technologies such as cone beam computed tomography and intraoral scanning, and with the relatively long history of the use of CAD CAM technologies in dentistry, it will become of increasing importance. Uses of 3D printing include the production of drill guides for dental implants, the production of physical models for prosthodontics, orthodontics and surgery, the manufacture of dental, craniomaxillofacial and orthopaedic implants, and the fabrication of copings and frameworks for implant and dental restorations. This paper reviews the types of 3D printing technologies available and their various applications in dentistry and in maxillofacial surgery.
Topics: Computer-Aided Design; Dental Implants; Dental Instruments; Dental Prosthesis Design; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dentistry; Humans; Printing, Three-Dimensional
PubMed: 26657435
DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.914 -
BioMed Research International 2021The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the quality and outcome of studies into artificial intelligence techniques, analysis, and effect in dentistry.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the quality and outcome of studies into artificial intelligence techniques, analysis, and effect in dentistry.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Using the MeSH keywords: artificial intelligence (AI), dentistry, AI in dentistry, neural networks and dentistry, machine learning, AI dental imaging, and AI treatment recommendations and dentistry. Two investigators performed an electronic search in 5 databases: PubMed/MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine), Scopus (Elsevier), ScienceDirect databases (Elsevier), Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics), and the Cochrane Collaboration (Wiley). The English language articles reporting on AI in different dental specialties were screened for eligibility. Thirty-two full-text articles were selected and systematically analyzed according to a predefined inclusion criterion. These articles were analyzed as per a specific research question, and the relevant data based on article general characteristics, study and control groups, assessment methods, outcomes, and quality assessment were extracted.
RESULTS
The initial search identified 175 articles related to AI in dentistry based on the title and abstracts. The full text of 38 articles was assessed for eligibility to exclude studies not fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Six articles not related to AI in dentistry were excluded. Thirty-two articles were included in the systematic review. It was revealed that AI provides accurate patient management, dental diagnosis, prediction, and decision making. Artificial intelligence appeared as a reliable modality to enhance future implications in the various fields of dentistry, i.e., diagnostic dentistry, patient management, head and neck cancer, restorative dentistry, prosthetic dental sciences, orthodontics, radiology, and periodontics.
CONCLUSION
The included studies describe that AI is a reliable tool to make dental care smooth, better, time-saving, and economical for practitioners. AI benefits them in fulfilling patient demand and expectations. The dentists can use AI to ensure quality treatment, better oral health care outcome, and achieve precision. AI can help to predict failures in clinical scenarios and depict reliable solutions. However, AI is increasing the scope of state-of-the-art models in dentistry but is still under development. Further studies are required to assess the clinical performance of AI techniques in dentistry.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Dentistry; Diagnostic Imaging; Forecasting; Humans; Machine Learning; Neural Networks, Computer; Radiography, Dental
PubMed: 34258283
DOI: 10.1155/2021/9751564 -
Journal of Prosthodontics : Official... Jan 2021A virtual articulator is a computer software tool that is capable of reproducing the relationship between the jaws and simulating jaw movement. It has gradually gained... (Review)
Review
A virtual articulator is a computer software tool that is capable of reproducing the relationship between the jaws and simulating jaw movement. It has gradually gained research interest in dentistry over the past decade. In prosthodontics, the virtual articulator should be considered as an additional diagnostic and treatment planning tool to the mechanical articulator, especially in complex cases involving alterations to the vertical dimension of occlusion. Numerous authors have reported on the available digital methodologies used for the assembly of virtual arch models in a virtual articulator, focusing their attention on topics such as the virtual facebow and digital occlusal registration. To correctly simulate jaw movement, the jaw models have to be digitalized and properly mounted on the virtual articulator. The aim of this review was to discuss the current knowledge surrounding the various techniques and methodologies related to virtual mounting in dentistry, and whether virtual articulators will become commonplace in clinical practice in the future. This review also traces the history of the virtual articulator up to its current state and discusses recently developed approaches and workflows for virtual mounting based on current knowledge and technological devices.
Topics: Dental Articulators; Dental Occlusion; Jaw Relation Record; Models, Dental; Patient Care Planning; Prosthodontics; Vertical Dimension
PubMed: 32827222
DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13240 -
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative... Jan 2021Emergence profile design is important for stable peri-implant tissues and esthetically pleasing results with dental implant restorations, influenced by factors, such as,...
OBJECTIVE
Emergence profile design is important for stable peri-implant tissues and esthetically pleasing results with dental implant restorations, influenced by factors, such as, implant position and surrounding soft tissues. Different aspects of the emergence profile have been described, but detailed explanations of the different zones and corresponding designs are missing. This article describes the esthetic biological contour concept (EBC), differentiating important areas of the emergence profile and recommending particular designs for those zones.
OVERVIEW
The EBC concept considers specific parameters for proper design of the emergence profile of implant-supported restorations. Understanding the different zones of the emergence profile and their relation to factors like implant position, implant design, and soft tissue thickness is key. The suggested guidelines are geared toward providing more stable and esthetic results when restoring dental implants in the esthetic zone.
CONCLUSIONS
Each of the zones described in the EBC concept have a specific function in the design of the emergence profile. Understanding the importance and specific design features of the EBC zones facilitates esthetic and biologically sound treatment outcomes with interim and definitive implant restorations.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Proper emergence profile design supports esthetic outcomes and provides favorable biological response to implant-supported restorations.
Topics: Dental Abutments; Dental Implants; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Esthetics, Dental
PubMed: 33470498
DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12714 -
Journal of Prosthodontics : Official... Jun 2017Dental implants have become a popular treatment modality for replacing missing teeth. In this regard, the importance of restoring patients with function during the... (Review)
Review
Dental implants have become a popular treatment modality for replacing missing teeth. In this regard, the importance of restoring patients with function during the implant healing period has grown in recent decades. Esthetic concerns, especially in the anterior region of the maxilla, should also be considered until the definitive restoration is delivered. Another indication for such restorations is maintenance of the space required for esthetic and functional definitive restorations in cases where the implant site is surrounded by natural teeth. Numerous articles have described different types of interim prostheses and their fabrication techniques. This article aims to briefly discuss all types of implant-related interim prostheses by different classification including provisional timing (before implant placement, after implant placement in unloading and loading periods), materials, and techniques used for making the restorations, the type of interim prosthesis retention, and definitive restoration. Furthermore, the abutment torque for such restorations and methods for transferring the soft tissue from interim to definitive prostheses are addressed.
Topics: Dental Abutments; Dental Implants; Dental Restoration, Temporary; Denture, Partial, Removable; Denture, Partial, Temporary; Esthetics, Dental; Humans
PubMed: 26805651
DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12421 -
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative... Jan 2021To provide a contemporary and comprehensive overview of the hard and soft tissue biological structures surrounding an osseointegrated dental implant (peri-implant... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To provide a contemporary and comprehensive overview of the hard and soft tissue biological structures surrounding an osseointegrated dental implant (peri-implant referred to as the peri-implant phenotype), in the context of peri-implant esthetic complications.
OVERVIEW
The individual components of the peri-implant phenotype (keratinized mucosa width, mucosal thickness, supracrestal tissue height, and the peri-implant buccal bone) have been linked to different aspects of implant esthetics, as well as health-related aspects. At the time of implant therapy, respecting the biology of the peri-implant hard and soft tissues, and anticipating their remodeling patterns can alleviate future esthetic complications.
CONCLUSIONS
While the current literature may not allow for a point-by-point evidence based-recommendation for the required amount of each peri-implant structure, bearing in mind the proposed values for the components of the peri-implant phenotype, at the time of and prior to implant therapy can lead to more predictable treatment outcomes, and the avoidance of esthetic complications.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Knowledge of hard and soft tissue components surrounding and osseointegrated dental implant, and their underlying biological remodeling process is crucial for carrying out a successful therapy and alleviating possible future esthetic challenges.
Topics: Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; Esthetics, Dental; Phenotype
PubMed: 33459483
DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12709 -
Journal of Prosthodontic Research Apr 2016The purpose of this review is to present a comprehensive review of the current published literature investigating the various methods and techniques for scanning,... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The purpose of this review is to present a comprehensive review of the current published literature investigating the various methods and techniques for scanning, designing, and fabrication of CAD/CAM generated restorations along with detailing the new classifications of CAD/CAM technology.
STUDY SELECTION
I performed a review of a PubMed using the following search terms "CAD/CAM, 3D printing, scanner, digital impression, and zirconia". The articles were screened for further relevant investigations. The search was limited to articles written in English, published from 2001 to 2015. In addition, a manual search was also conducted through articles and reference lists retrieved from the electronic search and peer-reviewed journals.
RESULTS
CAD/CAM technology has advantages including digital impressions and models, and use of virtual articulators. However, the implementation of this technology is still considered expensive and requires highly trained personnel. Currently, the design software has more applications including complete dentures and removable partial denture frameworks. The accuracy of restoration fabrication can be best attained with 5 axes milling units. The 3D printing technology has been incorporated into dentistry, but does not include ceramics and is limited to polymers. In the future, optical impressions will be replaced with ultrasound impressions using ultrasonic waves, which have the capability to penetrate the gingiva non-invasively without retraction cords and not be affected by fluids.
CONCLUSION
The coming trend for most practitioners will be the use of an acquisition camera attached to a computer with the appropriate software and the capability of forwarding the image to the laboratory.
Topics: Computer-Aided Design; Dental Impression Technique; Dentistry; Denture Design; Humans; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Software
PubMed: 26935333
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2016.01.003 -
Journal of Prosthodontic Research Jan 2022Dental implant therapy is a common clinical treatment for missing teeth. However, the esthetic result is not as satisfactory as expected in some cases, especially in the...
PURPOSE
Dental implant therapy is a common clinical treatment for missing teeth. However, the esthetic result is not as satisfactory as expected in some cases, especially in the anterior maxillary area. Poor esthetic results are caused by inadequate preparation of the hard and soft tissues in this area before treatment. The socket shield technique may be an alternative for a desirable esthetic outcome in dental implant treatments.
STUDY SELECTION
In the present systematic review, PubMed-Medline, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect were searched for clinical studies published from January 2000 to December 2018.
RESULTS
Twenty studies were included, comprising one randomized controlled trial, two cohort studies, 14 clinical human case reports, and three retrospective case series. In total, 288 patients treated with the socket shield technique with immediate implant placement and follow-up between 3-60 months after placement were included. A quality assessment showed that 12 of the 20 included studies were of good quality. Twenty-six of the 274 (9.5%) cases developed complications or adverse effects related to the socket shield technique. Most studies reported implant survival without the complications (90.5%); most of the cases that were followed up for more than 12 months after implant placement achieved a good esthetic appearance. The failure rate was low without the complications, although there were some failures due to failed implant osseointegration, socket shield mobility and infection, socket shield exposure, socket shield migration, and apical root resorption.
CONCLUSIONS
The socket shield technique can be used in dental implant treatment, but it remains difficult to predict the long-term success of this technique until high-quality evidence becomes available.
Topics: Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; Esthetics, Dental; Humans; Immediate Dental Implant Loading; Retrospective Studies; Tooth Extraction; Tooth Socket; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33692284
DOI: 10.2186/jpr.JPR_D_20_00054 -
Journal of Endodontics Aug 2021Several endodontic access cavity designs have been proposed in the past decade to access the root canal space in a minimally invasive manner. The rationale for this... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Several endodontic access cavity designs have been proposed in the past decade to access the root canal space in a minimally invasive manner. The rationale for this approach was derived from the assumption that preserving more tooth structure during access preparation will improve the tooth's resistance to fracture and its long-term survivability. However, is this assumption valid? Also, can this approach compromise other treatment-related aspects?
METHODS
We conducted a literature review using 4 online databases and classified the access cavity designs presented in each article according to our proposed classification.
RESULTS
Through the literature search, we identified 49 articles that evaluated the effect of the access cavity design on 11 different treatment parameters. The majority of the studies failed to demonstrate clear benefits of the minimally invasive access designs, whereas others raised concerns regarding the ability to adequately disinfect, fill, and restore teeth with a minimally invasive access cavity design.
CONCLUSION
Minimally invasive access cavity designs present more risk than benefit on the outcome of endodontic treatment. Clinicians should reconsider the application of a minimally invasive access cavity for routine endodontics and cautiously apply it in selected cases when the proper armamentarium is available.
Topics: Dental Cavity Preparation; Dental Pulp Cavity; Endodontics; Molar; Root Canal Preparation; Root Canal Therapy
PubMed: 34058252
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.05.007 -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... Jan 2020Summarizing the new state of the art of digital dentistry, opens exploration of the type and extent of innovations and technological advances that have impacted - and...
OBJECTIVE
Summarizing the new state of the art of digital dentistry, opens exploration of the type and extent of innovations and technological advances that have impacted - and improved - dentistry. The objective is to describe advances and innovations, the breadth of their impact, disruptions and advantages they produce, and opportunities created for material scientists.
METHODS
On-line data bases, web searches, and discussions with industry experts, clinicians, and dental researchers informed the content. Emphasis for inclusion was on most recent publications along with innovations presented at trade shows, in press releases, and discovered through discussions leading to web searches for new products.
RESULTS
Digital dentistry has caused disruption on many fronts, bringing new techniques, systems, and interactions that have improved dentistry. Innovation has spurred opportunities for material scientists' future research.
SIGNIFICANCE
With disruptions intrinsic in digital dentistry's new state of the art, patient experience has improved. More restoration options are available delivering longer lifetimes, and better esthetics. Fresh approaches are bringing greater efficiency and accuracy, capitalizing on the interest, capabilities, and skills of those involved. New ways for effective and efficient inter-professional and clinician-patient interactions have evolved. Data can be more efficiently mined for forensic and epidemiological uses. Students have fresh ways of learning. New, often unexpected, partnerships have formed bringing further disruption - and novel advantages. Yes, digital dentistry has been disruptive, but the abundance of positive outcomes argues strongly that it has not been destructive.
Topics: Computer-Aided Design; Dental Prosthesis Design; Dentistry; Humans
PubMed: 31526522
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.08.103