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Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 2018Considering that the available studies on prevalence of malocclusions are local or national-based, this study aimed to pool data to determine the distribution of...
OBJECTIVE
Considering that the available studies on prevalence of malocclusions are local or national-based, this study aimed to pool data to determine the distribution of malocclusion traits worldwide in mixed and permanent dentitions.
METHODS
An electronic search was conducted using PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar search engines, to retrieve data on malocclusion prevalence for both mixed and permanent dentitions, up to December 2016.
RESULTS
Out of 2,977 retrieved studies, 53 were included. In permanent dentition, the global distributions of Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion were 74.7% [31 - 97%], 19.56% [2 - 63%] and 5.93% [1 - 20%], respectively. In mixed dentition, the distributions of these malocclusions were 73% [40 - 96%], 23% [2 - 58%] and 4% [0.7 - 13%]. Regarding vertical malocclusions, the observed deep overbite and open bite were 21.98% and 4.93%, respectively. Posterior crossbite affected 9.39% of the sample. Africans showed the highest prevalence of Class I and open bite in permanent dentition (89% and 8%, respectively), and in mixed dentition (93% and 10%, respectively), while Caucasians showed the highest prevalence of Class II in permanent dentition (23%) and mixed dentition (26%). Class III malocclusion in mixed dentition was highly prevalent among Mongoloids.
CONCLUSION
Worldwide, in mixed and permanent dentitions, Angle Class I malocclusion is more prevalent than Class II, specifically among Africans; the least prevalent was Class III, although higher among Mongoloids in mixed dentition. In vertical dimension, open bite was highest among Mongoloids in mixed dentition. Posterior crossbite was more prevalent in permanent dentition in Europe.
Topics: Databases, Factual; Dental Occlusion, Traumatic; Dentition, Mixed; Dentition, Permanent; Female; Geography; Global Health; Humans; Male; Malocclusion; Malocclusion, Angle Class I; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Malocclusion, Angle Class III; Open Bite; Population; Prevalence; Race Factors
PubMed: 30672991
DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.23.6.40.e1-10.onl -
Dental Traumatology : Official... Aug 2020Traumatic injuries to the primary dentition present special problems that often require far different management when compared to that used for the permanent dentition.... (Review)
Review
Traumatic injuries to the primary dentition present special problems that often require far different management when compared to that used for the permanent dentition. The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) has developed these Guidelines as a consensus statement after a comprehensive review of the dental literature and working group discussions. Experienced researchers and clinicians from various specialties and the general dentistry community were included in the working group. In cases where the published data did not appear conclusive, recommendations were based on the consensus opinions or majority decisions of the working group. They were then reviewed and approved by the members of the IADT Board of Directors. The primary goal of these Guidelines is to provide clinicians with an approach for the immediate or urgent care of primary teeth injuries based on the best evidence provided by the literature and expert opinions. The IADT cannot, and does not, guarantee favorable outcomes from strict adherence to the Guidelines; however, the IADT believes their application can maximize the probability of favorable outcomes.
Topics: Dentition, Permanent; Humans; Tooth Avulsion; Tooth Injuries; Tooth, Deciduous; Traumatology
PubMed: 32458553
DOI: 10.1111/edt.12576 -
European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry Jun 2020The aim of this review is to quantify the prevalence and type of malocclusion among children and adolescents during the different stages of dentition worldwide. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIM
The aim of this review is to quantify the prevalence and type of malocclusion among children and adolescents during the different stages of dentition worldwide.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Recent studies (from 2009 to 2019), published in Medline, Web of Science and Embase and orthodontic text-books have been comprehensively reviewed herein. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using STROBE criteria.
RESULTS
After screening 450 records and analysing 284 relevant full-text publications, 77 studies were included in this review. A good degree of evidence was obtained due to the medium-high methodological quality level of included studies. The worldwide prevalence of malocclusion was 56% (95% CI: 11-99), without differences in gender. The highest prevalence was in Africa (81%) and Europe (72%), followed by America (53%) and Asia (48%). The malocclusion prevalence score did not change from primary to permanent dentition with a common score of 54%. Malocclusion traits such as Angle's classes, overjet, overbite, and asymmetrical midline shift essentially did not change their prevalence during different dentitions. Conversely, traits such as cross-bite and diastema reduced their prevalence during permanent dentition, while scissor-bite and dental crowding increased their scores.
CONCLUSION
The worldwide high prevalence of malocclusion and its early onset during childhood should induce policymakers as well as paediatric physicians and dentists to devise policies and adopt clinical strategies for preventing malocclusion since younger children's ages.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Dentition; Europe; Humans; Malocclusion; Overbite; Prevalence
PubMed: 32567942
DOI: 10.23804/ejpd.2020.21.02.05 -
Australian Endodontic Journal : the... Apr 2020The American Association of Endodontists (AAE) Consensus Conference Recommended Diagnostic Terminology states that mature permanent teeth clinically diagnosed with... (Review)
Review
The American Association of Endodontists (AAE) Consensus Conference Recommended Diagnostic Terminology states that mature permanent teeth clinically diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis are treated with pulpectomy and root canal filling because inflamed vital pulp is not capable of healing. Histological studies have demonstrated that clinically diagnosed irreversible pulpitis does not involve the entire pulp. A recent International Endodontic Journal Editorial suggested clinical diagnosis of pulp disease should be reassessed because of the poor correlation between clinical symptoms and pulp sensibility testing and the actual histological status of the pulp. This review identified studies in a PubMed search that provide evidence for vital pulp therapy (VPT) of mature permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis is predictable if correctly diagnosed and properly treated. A narrative review was undertaken to outline the correlation between the clinical symptoms/signs and pulp sensibility testing and the histological findings of the pulp. Treatment procedures for permanent teeth are outlined.
Topics: Dental Pulp; Dentition, Permanent; Humans; Pulpitis
PubMed: 31865629
DOI: 10.1111/aej.12392 -
BMC Oral Health Dec 2022The effects of upper-molar distalization using clear aligners in combination with Class II elastics for anchorage reinforcement have not been fully investigated yet. The...
INTRODUCTION
The effects of upper-molar distalization using clear aligners in combination with Class II elastics for anchorage reinforcement have not been fully investigated yet. The objective of this study is to analyze the movement and stress of the whole dentition and further explore guidelines for the selection of traction methods.
METHODS
Three-dimensional (3D) finite element models are established to simulate the sequential molar distalization process, including the initial distalization of the 2 molar (Set I) and the initial distalization of the 1 molar (Set II). Each group set features three models: a control model without Class II elastics (model A), Class II elastics attached to the tooth by buttons (model B), and Class II elastics attached to the aligner by precision cutting (model C). The 3D displacements, proclination angles, periodontal ligament (PDL) hydrostatic stress and alveolar bone von Mises stress in the anterior area are recorded.
RESULTS
In all of the models, the maxillary anterior teeth are labial and mesial proclined, whereas the distal moving molars exhibit distal buccal inclination with an extrusion tendency. With the combination of Class II elastics, the anchorage was effectively reinforced; model C demonstrates superior anchorage reinforcement with lower stress distribution in comparison with model B. The upper canines in model B present an extrusion tendency. Meanwhile, the mandibular dentition in models B and C experience undesired movement tendencies with little discrepancy from each other.
CONCLUSIONS
Class II elastics are generally effective for anchorage reinforcement as the upper-molar distalization is performed with clear aligners. Class II elastics attached to an aligner by precision cutting is a superior alternative for maxillary anchorage control in cases that the proclination of upper incisors and extrusion of upper canines are unwanted.
Topics: Finite Element Analysis; Molar; Incisor; Periodontal Ligament; Orthodontic Appliances, Removable
PubMed: 36456944
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02526-2 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2020To evaluate tooth behaviours under various maxillary incisor retraction protocols for clear aligner therapy. A three-dimensional finite element model of maxillary...
To evaluate tooth behaviours under various maxillary incisor retraction protocols for clear aligner therapy. A three-dimensional finite element model of maxillary dentition was constructed for first premolar extraction. A loading method was developed to mimic the mode of action of clear aligners for incisor en masse retraction. Three protocols with different amounts of retraction and intrusion on incisors were designed. Initial tooth displacements and stresses on periodontal ligaments were analysed with ANSYS software. The central (U) and lateral (U) incisors exhibited uncontrolled lingual tipping and extrusion upon 0.25 mm retraction. U1 exhibited translation movement, while U underwent less tipping during 0.2 mm retraction and 0.15 mm intrusion. Labial tipping and intrusion of U and bodily intrusion of U were observed during 0.1 mm of retraction and 0.23 mm of intrusion. With the additional intrusion on incisors, canine showed extrusion movement, and higher stresses on periodontal ligaments were shifted from U to canines. Incisors also exhibited different mesial-distal angulation in the three simulations, while posterior teeth all suffered mesial inclination. Incorporating intrusion displacement in clear aligners led to a tendency of lingual root movement during incisor retraction. The complexity of tooth movement should be recognized regarding clear aligner therapy.
Topics: Bicuspid; Biomechanical Phenomena; Dentition; Finite Element Analysis; Humans; Incisor; Maxilla; Orthodontic Appliances, Removable; Periodontal Ligament; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Software; Stress, Mechanical; Tooth Mobility; Tooth Movement Techniques
PubMed: 32576935
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67273-2 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... Jul 2021Premature loss of primary molars often leads to loss of arch circumference in the primary and mixed dentition. It can lead to malpositioning and even impaction of...
Premature loss of primary molars often leads to loss of arch circumference in the primary and mixed dentition. It can lead to malpositioning and even impaction of permanent tooth, if not prevented. Space maintainers in preventive orthodontics, are imperative in maintaining arch integrity. Band and loop space maintainers are indicated whenever there is premature loss of primary molar. The conventional band and loop space maintainer is most routinely fabricated, but poses certain limitations. Three-dimensional (3D) printing in digital dentistry is one of the major developments in dentistry. It replicates the dental cast in the most accurate forms. This allows for supreme precision and minimal human errors. Besides decreasing the laboratory procedures, it has the least chance of failure or breakage. The current case report discusses 3D printing technology for the fabrication of band and loop space maintainer, which can revolutionize preventive orthodontics for children.
Topics: Child; Dentition, Mixed; Humans; Molar; Orthodontics, Preventive; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Space Maintenance, Orthodontic; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 34192758
DOI: 10.17796/1053-4625-45.3.1 -
Dental Clinics of North America Oct 2019This article reviews dental caries management in children. The goal is to help clinicians recognize common patterns of dental caries in primary dentition and make... (Review)
Review
This article reviews dental caries management in children. The goal is to help clinicians recognize common patterns of dental caries in primary dentition and make appropriate decisions regarding management of carious lesions in children, taking into account the best available evidence, clinician expertise and experience, and a child's treatment needs, age, medical history, and ability to tolerate treatment as well as caregiver preferences. It also is important to protect the developing psyche of the child, stabilize or restore the dentition to health and natural esthetics when possible, and maintain space for the eruption of the future permanent dentition.
Topics: Child; Dental Caries; Dentition, Permanent; Esthetics, Dental; Humans; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 31470917
DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2019.06.002 -
Integrative and Comparative Biology Sep 2020Vertebrates interact directly with food items through their dentition, and these interactions with trophic resources could often feedback to influence tooth structure.... (Review)
Review
Vertebrates interact directly with food items through their dentition, and these interactions with trophic resources could often feedback to influence tooth structure. Although dentitions are often considered to be a fixed phenotype, there is the potential for environmentally induced phenotypic plasticity in teeth to extensively influence their diversity. Here, we review the literature concerning phenotypic plasticity of vertebrate teeth. Even though only a few taxonomically disparate studies have focused on phenotypic plasticity in teeth, there are a number of ways teeth can change their size, shape, or patterns of replacement as a response to the environment. Elucidating the underlying physiological, developmental, and genetic mechanisms that generate phenotypic plasticity can clarify its potential role in the evolution of dental phenotypes.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Dentition; Tooth; Vertebrates
PubMed: 32544244
DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa077 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... 2019This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed clinical, radiographic and functional retention outcomes in immature necrotic permanent teeth treated either with pulp... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed clinical, radiographic and functional retention outcomes in immature necrotic permanent teeth treated either with pulp revascularization or apexification after a minimum of three months to determine which one provides the best results. The literature was screened via PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase databases up to June 2017 to select observational studies that compared pulp revascularization and apexification treatments assessing clinical, radiographic and functional retention outcomes. Two reviewers independently performed screening and evaluation of articles. A total of 231 articles were retrieved from databases, wherein only four articles were selected for full-text analyses. After exclusion criteria, three studies remained in quantitative and qualitative analyses. Pooled-effect estimates were obtained comparing clinical and radiographic outcomes ('overall outcome') and functional retention rates between apexification and pulp revascularization treatment. The meta-analysis comparing apexification vs. revascularization for 'overall outcome' (Z=0.113, p=0.910, RR=1.009, 95%CI:0.869-1.171) and functional retention rates (Z=1.438, p=0.150, RR=1.069, 95%CI:0.976-1.172) showed no statistically significant differences between the treatments. All studies were classified as high quality. The current literature regarding the clinical, radiographic and functional retention outcomes in immature necrotic permanent teeth treated either with pulp revascularization or apexification is limited. Based on our meta-analysis, the results do not favor one treatment modality over the other.
Topics: Apexification; Dental Pulp; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Dentition, Permanent; Humans; Observational Studies as Topic; Tooth Apex
PubMed: 31560588
DOI: 10.17796/1053-4625-43.5.1