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Current Drug Metabolism 2023Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), as a natural polymer material, carries almost all the genetic information and is recognized as one of the most intelligent natural polymers.... (Review)
Review
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), as a natural polymer material, carries almost all the genetic information and is recognized as one of the most intelligent natural polymers. In the past 20 years, there have been many exciting advances in the synthesis of hydrogels using DNA as the main backbone or cross-linking agent. Different methods, such as physical entanglement and chemical cross-linking, have been developed to perform the gelation of DNA hydrogels. The good designability, biocompatibility, designable responsiveness, biodegradability and mechanical strength provided by DNA building blocks facilitate the application of DNA hydrogels in cytoscaffolds, drug delivery systems, immunotherapeutic carriers, biosensors and nanozyme-protected scaffolds. This review provides an overview of the main classification and synthesis methods of DNA hydrogels and highlights the application of DNA hydrogel in biomedical fields. It aims to give readers a better understanding of DNA hydrogels and development trends.
Topics: Humans; Hydrogels; Drug Delivery Systems; Polymers; DNA
PubMed: 37431900
DOI: 10.2174/1389200224666230710124838 -
Essays in Biochemistry Jun 2016There are an increasing number of applications that have been developed for oligonucleotide-based biosensing systems in genetics and biomedicine. Oligonucleotide-based... (Review)
Review
There are an increasing number of applications that have been developed for oligonucleotide-based biosensing systems in genetics and biomedicine. Oligonucleotide-based biosensors are those where the probe to capture the analyte is a strand of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA) or a synthetic analogue of naturally occurring nucleic acids. This review will shed light on various types of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA (particularly microRNAs), their role and their application in biosensing. It will also cover DNA/RNA aptamers, which can be used as bioreceptors for a wide range of targets such as proteins, small molecules, bacteria and even cells. It will also highlight how the invention of synthetic oligonucleotides such as peptide nucleic acid (PNA) or locked nucleic acid (LNA) has pushed the limits of molecular biology and biosensor development to new perspectives. These technologies are very promising albeit still in need of development in order to bridge the gap between the laboratory-based status and the reality of biomedical applications.
Topics: Aptamers, Nucleotide; Biosensing Techniques; DNA; MicroRNAs
PubMed: 27365033
DOI: 10.1042/EBC20150004 -
Medwave Apr 2023Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease that predominantly affects the diarthrodial joints. In this pathology, environmental or behavioral factors...
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease that predominantly affects the diarthrodial joints. In this pathology, environmental or behavioral factors can act in synergy with genetic predisposition, accelerating the onset and severity of the disease. This link between the environment and the genome is mediated by epigenetic marks on deoxyribonucleic acid, including its methylation, histone modification, and noncoding ribonucleic acid-mediated regulation. Epigenetics can generate heritable phenotypic changes, which are not determined by modifications in the deoxyribonucleic acid sequence and are therefore reversible. Therefore, diet, medications and other environmental factors would have the ability to modulate them. The identification of a specific epigenetic dysregulation can offer a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease and positively influence the prevention, diagnosis and development of new therapeutic targets.
Topics: Humans; DNA Methylation; Histones; Epigenesis, Genetic; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; DNA
PubMed: 37094250
DOI: 10.5867/medwave.2023.03.2619 -
Journal of Biomedical Materials... Nov 2023The development of useful biomaterials has resulted in significant advances in various fields of science and technology. The demand for new biomaterial designs and...
The development of useful biomaterials has resulted in significant advances in various fields of science and technology. The demand for new biomaterial designs and manufacturing techniques continues to grow, with the goal of building a sustainable society. In this study, two types of DNA-cationic surfactant complexes were synthesized using commercially available deoxyribonucleic acid from herring sperm DNA (hsDNA, <50 bp) and deoxyribonucleic acid from salmon testes DNA (stDNA, ~2000 bp). The DNA-surfactant complexes were blended with a polylactic acid (PLA) biopolymer and electrospun to obtain nanofibers, and then copper nanoparticles were synthesized on nanofibrous webs. Scanning electron microscopic images showed that all nanofibers possessed uniform morphology. Interestingly, different diameters were observed depending on the base pairs in the DNA complex. Transmission electron microscopy showed uniform growth of copper nanoparticles on the nanofibers. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectra confirmed the uniform blending of both types of DNA complexes in PLA. Both stDNA- and hsDNA-derived nanofibers showed greater biocompatibility than native PLA nanofibers. Furthermore, they exerted significant antibacterial activity in the presence of copper nanoparticles. This study demonstrates that DNA is a potentially useful material to generate electrospun nanofibrous webs for use in biomedical sciences and technologies.
Topics: Male; Humans; Nanofibers; Copper; Semen; Polyesters; Biocompatible Materials; Surface-Active Agents; DNA
PubMed: 37539635
DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37592 -
Macromolecular Bioscience Dec 2022Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a biological macromolecule that plays a genetic role in cells. DNA molecules with specific recognition, self-assembly capabilities, and... (Review)
Review
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a biological macromolecule that plays a genetic role in cells. DNA molecules with specific recognition, self-assembly capabilities, and sequence programmability have become an excellent construction material for micro- and nanostructures. Based on DNA self-assembly technology, a series of molecular devices and materials are constructed. Among them, DNA hydrogels with the advantages of good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and containing designable stimuli-responsive units have attracted much attention. This review introduces the formation strategy of DNA supramolecular hydrogels, and focuses on its applications in tissue engineering, including cell encapsulation, cell culture, cell capture and release, wound dressings, and tissue growth. The unique properties and application prospects of DNA supramolecular hydrogels in tissue engineering are also discussed.
Topics: Hydrogels; Tissue Engineering; Biocompatible Materials; Nanostructures; DNA
PubMed: 35917391
DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200152 -
ChemPlusChem Jan 2023Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) in exosomes have been proven as reliable biomarkers to detect disease progression. In recent years, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based... (Review)
Review
Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) in exosomes have been proven as reliable biomarkers to detect disease progression. In recent years, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based nanomaterials show great potential in the field of diagnosis due to the programmable sequence, various molecule recognition and predictable assembly/disassembly of DNA. In this review, we focus on the molecular design and detection mechanism of DNA nanomaterials, and the developed DNA nanomaterial-based optical probes for exosomal miRNA detection are summarized and discussed. The rationally-designed DNA sequences endows these probes with low background signal and high sensitivity in exosomal miRNA detection, and the detection mechanisms based on different DNA nanomaterials are detailly introduced. At the end, the challenges and future opportunities of DNA nanomaterial-based optical probes in exosomal miRNA detection are discussed. We envision that DNA nanomaterial-based optical probes will be promising in precise biomedicine.
Topics: MicroRNAs; Nanostructures; Exosomes; DNA
PubMed: 36650721
DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200345 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... May 2023Phase separation (PS) is a fundamental principle in diverse life processes including immunosurveillance. Despite numerous studies on PS, little is known about its...
Phase separation (PS) is a fundamental principle in diverse life processes including immunosurveillance. Despite numerous studies on PS, little is known about its dissolution. Here, it is shown that oleic acid (OA) dissolves the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) PS and inhibits immune surveillance of DNA. As solvent components control PS and metabolites are abundant cellular components, it is speculated that some metabolite(s) may dissolve PS. Metabolite-screening reveals that the cGAS-DNA condensates formed via PS are markedly dissolved by long-chain fatty acids, including OA. OA revokes intracellular cGAS-PS and DNA-induced activation. OA attenuates cGAS-mediated antiviral and anticancer immunosurveillance. These results link metabolism and immunity by dissolving PS, which may be targeted for therapeutic interventions.
Topics: DNA; Nucleotidyltransferases; Oleic Acid
PubMed: 36950761
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206820 -
Cancer Science Nov 2022Comprehensive genomic profiling is increasingly used to facilitate precision oncology based on molecular stratification. In addition to conventional tissue comprehensive... (Review)
Review
Comprehensive genomic profiling is increasingly used to facilitate precision oncology based on molecular stratification. In addition to conventional tissue comprehensive genomic profiling, comprehensive genomic profiling of circulating tumor DNA has become widely utilized in cancer care owing on its advantages, including less invasiveness, rapid turnaround time, and capturing heterogeneity. However, circulating tumor DNA comprehensive genomic profiling has some limitations, mainly false negatives due to low levels of plasma circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid and false positives caused by clonal hematopoiesis. Nevertheless, no guidelines and recommendations fully address these issues. Here, an expert panel committee involving representatives from 12 Designated Core Hospitals for Cancer Genomic Medicine in Japan was organized to develop expert consensus recommendations for the use of circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid-based comprehensive genomic profiling. The aim was to generate guidelines for clinicians and allied healthcare professionals on the optimal use of the circulating tumor DNA assays in advanced solid tumors and to aid the design of future clinical trials that utilize and develop circulating tumor DNA assays to refine precision oncology. Fourteen clinical questions regarding circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid comprehensive genomic profiling including the timing of testing and considerations for interpreting results were established by searching and curating associated literatures, and corresponding recommendations were prepared based on the literature for each clinical question. Final consensus recommendations were developed by voting to determine the level of each recommendation by the Committee members.
Topics: Humans; Circulating Tumor DNA; Neoplasms; Consensus; Precision Medicine; DNA, Neoplasm; Biomarkers, Tumor
PubMed: 35876224
DOI: 10.1111/cas.15504 -
Essays in Biochemistry Oct 2019Nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), carry genetic information which is read in cells to make the RNA and proteins by which living... (Review)
Review
Nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), carry genetic information which is read in cells to make the RNA and proteins by which living things function. The well-known structure of the DNA double helix allows this information to be copied and passed on to the next generation. In this article we summarise the structure and function of nucleic acids. The article includes a historical perspective and summarises some of the early work which led to our understanding of this important molecule and how it functions; many of these pioneering scientists were awarded Nobel Prizes for their work. We explain the structure of the DNA molecule, how it is packaged into chromosomes and how it is replicated prior to cell division. We look at how the concept of the gene has developed since the term was first coined and how DNA is copied into RNA (transcription) and translated into protein (translation).
Topics: Bacteria; DNA; DNA Replication; Eukaryota; Genes; History, 20th Century; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Protein Biosynthesis; RNA; Ribosomes
PubMed: 31652314
DOI: 10.1042/EBC20180038 -
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews Jan 2021Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a promising synthesizer for precisely constructing almost arbitrary geometry in two and three dimensions. Among various DNA-based soft... (Review)
Review
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a promising synthesizer for precisely constructing almost arbitrary geometry in two and three dimensions. Among various DNA-based soft materials, DNA hydrogels are comprised of hydrophilic polymeric networks of crosslinked DNA chains. For their properties of biocompatibility, porosity, sequence programmability and tunable multifunctionality, DNA hydrogels have been widely studied in bioanalysis and biomedicine. In this review, recent developments in DNA hydrogels and their applications in drug delivery systems are highlighted. First, physical and chemical crosslinking methods for constructing DNA hydrogels are introduced. Subsequently, responses of DNA hydrogels to nonbiological and biological stimuli are described. Finally, DNA hydrogel-based delivery platforms for different types of drugs are detailed. With the emergence of gene therapy, this review also gives future prospects for combining DNA hydrogels with the gene editing toolbox.
Topics: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; DNA; Drug Delivery Systems; Gene Editing; Hydrogels; Macromolecular Substances; RNA
PubMed: 32712197
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.018