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Journal of Experimental Psychology.... Nov 2023Depersonalization is a common and distressing experience characterized by a feeling of estrangement from one's self, body, and the world. In order to examine the...
Depersonalization is a common and distressing experience characterized by a feeling of estrangement from one's self, body, and the world. In order to examine the relationship between depersonalization and selfhood we conducted an experimental study comparing processing of three types of self-related information between nonclinical groups of people experiencing high and low levels of depersonalization. Using a sequential matching task, we compared three types of biases for processing of self-related information: prioritization of one's name, of self-associated abstract stimuli (geometrical shapes), and of self-associated bodily stimuli (avatar faces). We found that both groups demonstrated the standard pattern of results for self-prioritization of one's name and geometrical shapes, but they differed with regard to avatar faces. While people with low depersonalization showed the standard prioritization of avatar faces, people with high depersonalization showed overall better response accuracy with avatar faces, and faster response times for stranger-associated avatar faces. These results were complemented by the additional finding that people with high depersonalization reported being more likely to use avatars of a different gender to their own outside of the experimental context. Finally, in this large sample (N = 180) we investigated the relationships between different measures of self-related processing and self-identification, finding no correlation between explicit reports of self-identification with self-associated avatar faces and geometrical shapes, self-prioritization of these stimuli, and prioritization of one's name. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Humans; Depersonalization; Gender Identity
PubMed: 37870823
DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001153 -
Anxiety, Stress, and Coping Jul 2022Depersonalization is common in anxiety disorders, but little is known about factors that influence co-occurring anxiety and depersonalization.
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES
Depersonalization is common in anxiety disorders, but little is known about factors that influence co-occurring anxiety and depersonalization.
DESIGN
We investigated trait moderators of the relationships between state and trait anxiety and depersonalization to better understand their co-occurrence and to identify potential points of intervention.
METHODS
Adults recruited on Amazon Mechanical Turk ( = 303) completed two computer tasks designed to increase variability in state anxiety and depersonalization as well as several self-report questionnaires.
RESULTS
As hypothesized, anxiety positively predicted depersonalization at both a state level and trait level. Moreover, as hypothesized, the trait anxiety-trait depersonalization relationship was strengthened by greater anxiety sensitivity; distress intolerance; and negative interpretation bias for anxiety sensations, and for depersonalization sensations. None of these hypothesized trait moderators significantly strengthened the state anxiety-state depersonalization relationship.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that, on a trait level, anxiety and depersonalization more frequently co-occur when people catastrophically misinterpret their symptoms or have lower emotional distress tolerance.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Depersonalization; Emotions; Humans; Self Report
PubMed: 34524043
DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2021.1977797 -
The American Journal of Managed Care Dec 2018Physician burnout receives much attention in healthcare circles because it poses serious threats to clinicians, staff, and patients. The forces leading to detachment and...
Physician burnout receives much attention in healthcare circles because it poses serious threats to clinicians, staff, and patients. The forces leading to detachment and depersonalization among primary care physicians are similar to the factors responsible for populist movements more broadly-the perception of a rigged system favoring a managerial elite, disregarding the values and welfare of those who must play by the rules. The disconnect between systems initiatives and the burdens and uncertainty they create for primary care clinicians contributes to physicians' loss of confidence, expressed as resistance to organized medical specialty and regulatory structures, as well as migrations of medical students and practicing physicians away from the prevailing primary care service model. A failure among healthcare leaders to recognize the link between the root causes of burnout and populism will result in further exacerbation of an already existent primary care crisis.
Topics: Burnout, Professional; Depersonalization; Humans; Physicians, Primary Care; Politics; Primary Health Care; Psychology
PubMed: 30586484
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Trauma & Dissociation : the... 2024Depersonalization-derealization disorder (DPD) is characterized by persistent or recurrent experiences of detachment from oneself and surroundings, as well as a sense of... (Review)
Review
Depersonalization-derealization disorder (DPD) is characterized by persistent or recurrent experiences of detachment from oneself and surroundings, as well as a sense of unreality. Considering the inadequacy of current research on treatment, we performed a systematic review of the available pharmacotherapies, neuromodulations, and psychotherapies for DPD. The systematic review protocol was based on PRISMA 2020 guidelines and pre-registered. The PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases were searched from inception to June 2021. All treatments for DPD and all study types, including controlled and observational studies as well as case reports, were assessed. Of the identified 17,540 studies, 41 studies (four randomized controlled trials, one non-randomized controlled trial, 10 case series, and 26 case reports) involving 300 participants met the eligibility criteria. We identified 30 methods that have been applied independently or in combination to treat DPD since 1955. The quality of these studies was considered. The relationship between individual differences, such as symptoms, comorbidities, history, and duration since onset, and treatment effects was explored. The results suggest that a series of treatments, such as pharmacotherapies, neuromodulation, and psychotherapies, could be considered in combination. However, the quality and quantity of studies were generally low considering the high prevalence of DPD. The review concludes with suggestions for future research and an urgent call for more high-quality research.
Topics: Humans; Comorbidity; Depersonalization; Psychotherapy
PubMed: 37431255
DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2023.2231920 -
Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine Jan 2020Workplace violence in the health sector is one of the common problems of both developed and developing countries. The aim of this study is to investigate the causes of...
AIM
Workplace violence in the health sector is one of the common problems of both developed and developing countries. The aim of this study is to investigate the causes of violence against doctors in the health sector and to evaluate the effect of violence on burnout.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
The questionnaire forms were delivered to doctors working in Ordu via internet between 01.03.2018 and 31.03.2018. Preliminary questionnaire form consisting of 20 questions and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were used in the study.
RESULTS
It was observed that the scores of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were statistically significantly higher in physicians who were subjected to verbal and physical violence (p < 0.05). On the other hand, increase in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization scores and decrease in personal achievement scores were found to be statistically significant in those exposed to psychological violence (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
It was found that doctors who were exposed to violence at work were exposed to verbal and psychological violence more than physical violence and especially psychological violence had a significant negative effect on burnout.
Topics: Adult; Burnout, Professional; Compassion Fatigue; Depersonalization; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Fatigue; Middle Aged; Physicians; Surveys and Questionnaires; Turkey; Workplace Violence
PubMed: 31669822
DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2019.101874 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2018The correlation between the burnout syndrome and sociodemographic variables in nursing professionals has been widely studied though research results are contradictory.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The correlation between the burnout syndrome and sociodemographic variables in nursing professionals has been widely studied though research results are contradictory. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of gender, marital status, and children on the dimensions of the burnout syndrome (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment) in nursing professionals, as measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The search was performed in May 2018 in the next databases: CINAHL, CUIDEN, Dialnet, Psicodoc, ProQuest Platform, OVID Platform, and Scopus with the search equation ("Maslach Burnout Inventory" OR "MBI") AND "nurs*", without using any search restriction. The sample was = 78 studies: 57 studies for gender; 32 for marital status; 13 for having children. A statistically significant relation between depersonalization and gender ( = 0.078), marital status ( = 0.047), and children ( = 0.053) was found. A significant relation was also found between emotional exhaustion and children ( = 0.048). The results showed that being male, being single or divorced, and not having children were related to the highest levels of burnout in nurses. Moreover, these relations could be accentuated by the influence of moderator variables (age, seniority, job satisfaction, etc.), which, in combination with the previously mentioned significant relations, should be evaluated in the design burnout risk profiles for nursing professionals.
Topics: Achievement; Burnout, Professional; Depersonalization; Emotions; Female; Humans; Male; Nurses; Nursing Staff; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 30257449
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102102 -
Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria... 2019The pathogenic nucleus of schizophrenia has varied according to the different eras and influences of distinguished clinical researchers. Self-disorders have also been... (Review)
Review
The pathogenic nucleus of schizophrenia has varied according to the different eras and influences of distinguished clinical researchers. Self-disorders have also been recognised to be at the heart of this disorder, although they have seldom been studied due to their subjective nature. Recently, due to the growing interest in the study of the early stages of schizophrenia, the study of self-disorders has been resumed. The self-disorders in schizophrenia model, developed by Sass and Parnas, proposes that in this disorder the person suffers loss of the first-person perspective and experiences hyperreflexibility, diminished self-affection and disturbance of the field of awareness. Therefore, the person experiences feelings of strangeness about him/herself, difficulty in understanding the common sense of things and difficulty interacting with his/her environment. Based on this model, self-disorder evaluation instruments have been developed and empirical studies have been conducted to evaluate people at risk of developing a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. These studies show that self-disorders are found in prepsychotic stages and that their manifestation may predict the transition to schizophrenia spectrum disorders. These results have important clinical implications as they enable people in the early stages of the disorder to be identified and create the opportunity to apply early therapeutic interventions.
Topics: Depersonalization; Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Self Concept
PubMed: 31779875
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2018.02.003 -
Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation... Jun 2017This review article summarizes neuropsychological descriptions of abnormal body representations in brain-damaged patients and recent neuroscientific investigations of... (Review)
Review
This review article summarizes neuropsychological descriptions of abnormal body representations in brain-damaged patients and recent neuroscientific investigations of their sensorimotor underpinnings in healthy participants. The first part of the article describes unilateral disorders of the bodily self, such as asomatognosia, feelings of amputation, supernumerary phantom limbs and somatoparaphrenia, as well as descriptions of non-lateralized disorders of the bodily self, including Alice in Wonderland syndrome and autoscopic hallucinations. Because the sensorimotor mechanisms of these disorders are unclear, we focus on clinical descriptions and insist on the importance of reporting clinical cases to better understand the full range of bodily disorders encountered in neurological diseases. The second part of the article presents the advantages of merging neuroscientific approaches of the bodily self with immersive virtual reality, robotics and neuroprosthetics to foster the understanding of the multisensory, motor and neural mechanisms of bodily representations.
Topics: Agnosia; Alice in Wonderland Syndrome; Body Image; Brain Injuries; Delusions; Depersonalization; Hallucinations; Humans; Phantom Limb; Robotics; Virtual Reality
PubMed: 27318928
DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2016.04.007 -
Lancet (London, England) Sep 2016
Topics: Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Beneficence; Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast Neoplasms; Choice Behavior; Colonic Neoplasms; Comprehension; Depersonalization; Diabetic Retinopathy; False Negative Reactions; False Positive Reactions; Female; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Informed Consent; Internet; Male; Mass Screening; Paternalism; Patient Participation; Prostatic Neoplasms; Public Health; Risk Assessment; State Medicine; United Kingdom; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 27650077
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31641-5 -
Journal of Trauma & Dissociation : the... 2017During the 19th century, high hypnotizability was considered to be a form of psychopathology that was inseparable from hysteria. Today, hypnotizability is considered to... (Review)
Review
During the 19th century, high hypnotizability was considered to be a form of psychopathology that was inseparable from hysteria. Today, hypnotizability is considered to be a normal trait that has no meaningful relationship with psychopathology. Psychiatric patients generally manifest medium to low hypnotizability. Nevertheless, several psychiatric diagnoses are marked by an unexpectedly large proportion of patients with high hypnotizability. This is especially true of the diagnostic categories that were subsumed by the 19th-century concept of hysteria: dissociative identity disorder, somatization disorder, and complex conversion disorders. These hysteria-related modern diagnoses are also highly dissociative. A review and analysis of the literature regarding the relationship between hypnotizability and dissociation indicates that high hypnotizability is almost certainly a necessary diathesis for the development of a severe dissociative disorder. Such a diathesis has significant implications for (a) the psychiatric nosologies of the American Psychiatric Association and the World Health Organization, (b) the hypnosis field, and (c) the etiology and construct validity of dissociative identity disorder and other severe dissociative disorders. Specifically, the dissociative disorders (excepting depersonalization disorder, which is not classified as a dissociative disorder by the World Health Organization) are manifestations of hypnotic pathology.
Topics: Conversion Disorder; Depersonalization; Dissociative Disorders; Humans; Hypnosis; Somatoform Disorders
PubMed: 27216366
DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2016.1191579