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Journal of Affective Disorders Oct 2017Depression prevalence in older adults varies largely across studies, which probably reflects methodological rather than true differences. This study aims to explore...
BACKGROUND
Depression prevalence in older adults varies largely across studies, which probably reflects methodological rather than true differences. This study aims to explore whether and to what extent the prevalence of depression varies when using different diagnostic criteria and rating scales, and various samples of older adults.
METHODS
A population-based sample of 3353 individuals aged 60-104 years from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K) were examined in 2001-2004. Point prevalence of depression was estimated by: 1) diagnostic criteria, ICD-10 and DSM-IV-TR/DSM-5; 2) rating scales, MADRS and GDS-15; and 3) self-report. Depression prevalence in sub-samples by dementia status, living place, and socio-demographics were compared.
RESULTS
The prevalence of any depression (including all severity grades) was 4.2% (moderate/severe: 1.6%) for ICD-10 and 9.3% (major: 2.1%) for DSM-IV-TR; 10.6% for MADRS and 9.2% for GDS-15; and 9.1% for self-report. Depression prevalence was lower in the dementia-free sample as compared to the total population. Furthermore, having poor physical function, or not having a partner were independently associated with higher depression prevalence, across most of the depression definitions.
LIMITATIONS
The response rate was 73.3% and this may have resulted in an underestimation of depression.
CONCLUSION
Depression prevalence was similar across all depression definitions except for ICD-10, showing much lower figures. However, independent of the definition used, depression prevalence varies greatly by dementia status, physical functioning, and marital status. These findings may be useful for clinicians when assessing depression in older adults and for researchers when exploring and comparing depression prevalence across studies.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Dementia; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female; Humans; International Classification of Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Self Report; Sweden
PubMed: 28645024
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.06.011 -
Neuropsychiatrie : Klinik, Diagnostik,... Sep 2019Major depressive disorder is characterized by changes in the emotional state, e. g. the diminished experience of positive emotions, as well as cognitive impairments... (Review)
Review
Major depressive disorder is characterized by changes in the emotional state, e. g. the diminished experience of positive emotions, as well as cognitive impairments such as concentration and memory difficulties. These emotional and cognitive dysfunctions are closely interrelated and play a key role for the development and maintenance of depressive symptoms. For instance, patients with depression show negatively biased information processing that affects attention and memory as well as their reaction to feedback. In addition, there is an increased motivation to avoid negatively evaluated conditions and at the same time a reduced motivation to approach positive goals. Furthermore, depressed patients often show a specific style of thinking, called rumination, which involves repeated, intensive thinking about the causes, consequences and symptoms of one's own negative feelings. In this review, the different relationships between emotional, motivational and cognitive symptoms of depressive patients will be presented and the influence of their interaction on cognitive performance will be discussed. The highlighted clinical relevance of emotional-cognitive dysfunctions should be considered more often in therapeutic interventions for depressed patients.
Topics: Attentional Bias; Cognitive Dysfunction; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Emotions; Humans; Memory; Motivation; Rumination, Cognitive
PubMed: 30875025
DOI: 10.1007/s40211-019-0307-4 -
Fortschritte Der Neurologie-Psychiatrie Apr 2022
Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Parkinson Disease
PubMed: 35443281
DOI: 10.1055/a-1683-1840 -
The British Journal of Clinical... Mar 2016Prospection, the mental representation of possible futures, is usually adaptive. When it goes awry, however, it disrupts emotion and motivation. A negative view of the... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Prospection, the mental representation of possible futures, is usually adaptive. When it goes awry, however, it disrupts emotion and motivation. A negative view of the future is typically seen as one symptom of depression, but we suggest that such negative prospection is the core causal element of depression. Here, we describe the empirical evidence supporting this framework, and we explore the implications for clinical interventions.
METHODS
We integrate several literatures: Using the database PsycInfo, we retrieved empirical studies with the keywords prospection, prediction, expectation, pessimism, mental simulation, future-thinking, future-directed thinking, foresight, and/or mental time travel, in conjunction with depression, depressed, or depressive.
RESULTS
Three kinds of faulty prospection, taken together, could drive depression: Poor generation of possible futures, poor evaluation of possible futures, and negative beliefs about the future. Depressed mood and poor functioning, in turn, may maintain faulty prospection and feed a vicious cycle. Future-oriented treatment strategies drawn from cognitive-behavioural therapy help to fix poor prospection, and they deserve to be developed further.
CONCLUSIONS
Prospection-based techniques may lead to transdiagnostic treatment strategies for depression and other disorders.
Topics: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Emotions; Forecasting; Humans; Memory, Episodic; Thinking
PubMed: 26096347
DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12087 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Jan 2016The symptoms for Major Depression (MD) defined in the DSM-5 differ markedly from symptoms assessed in common rating scales, and the empirical question about core...
BACKGROUND
The symptoms for Major Depression (MD) defined in the DSM-5 differ markedly from symptoms assessed in common rating scales, and the empirical question about core depression symptoms is unresolved. Here we conceptualize depression as a complex dynamic system of interacting symptoms to examine what symptoms are most central to driving depressive processes.
METHODS
We constructed a network of 28 depression symptoms assessed via the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS-30) in 3,463 depressed outpatients from the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) study. We estimated the centrality of all IDS-30 symptoms, and compared the centrality of DSM and non-DSM symptoms; centrality reflects the connectedness of each symptom with all other symptoms.
RESULTS
A network with 28 intertwined symptoms emerged, and symptoms differed substantially in their centrality values. Both DSM symptoms (e.g., sad mood) and non-DSM symptoms (e.g., anxiety) were among the most central symptoms, and DSM criteria were not more central than non-DSM symptoms.
LIMITATIONS
Many subjects enrolled in STAR*D reported comorbid medical and psychiatric conditions which may have affected symptom presentation.
CONCLUSION
The network perspective neither supports the standard psychometric notion that depression symptoms are equivalent indicators of MD, nor the common assumption that DSM symptoms of depression are of higher clinical relevance than non-DSM depression symptoms. The findings suggest the value of research focusing on especially central symptoms to increase the accuracy of predicting outcomes such as the course of illness, probability of relapse, and treatment response.
Topics: Adult; Comorbidity; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Psychometrics; Symptom Assessment
PubMed: 26458184
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.005 -
Psychiatry Research Apr 2017Although the DSM-5 has suggested the two new categories of Persistent Depressive Disorders (PDD) and Other Specified Depressive Disorders (OSDD), no study so far has...
Although the DSM-5 has suggested the two new categories of Persistent Depressive Disorders (PDD) and Other Specified Depressive Disorders (OSDD), no study so far has applied the DSM-5 criteria throughout the range of depressive disorders. The aims of the present study were to 1) establish the lifetime prevalence of specific depressive disorders according to the new DSM-5 definitions in a community sample, and 2) determine their clinical relevance in terms of socio-demographic characteristics, comorbidity, course and treatment patterns. The semi-structured Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies was administered by masters-level psychologists to a random sample of an urban area (n=3720). The lifetime prevalence was 15.2% for PDD with persistent major depressive episode (MDE), 3.3% for PDD with pure dysthymia, 28.2% for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and 9.1% for OSDD. Subjects with PDD with persistent MDE were the most severely affected, followed by those with recurrent MDD, single episode MDD, PDD with pure dysthymia and OSDD and finally those without depressive disorders. Our data provide further evidence for the clinical significance of mild depressive disorders (OSDD), but cast doubt on the pertinence of lumping together PDD with persistent MDE and the former DSM-IV dysthymic disorder within the new PDD category.
Topics: Adult; Comorbidity; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Dysthymic Disorder; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Recurrence
PubMed: 28142066
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.060 -
Birth Defects Research Jul 2017
Topics: Depression; Depression, Postpartum; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Pregnancy
PubMed: 28714609
DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1080 -
Ideggyogyaszati Szemle Jul 2014The prevalence of major and minor depression in Parkinson's disease is around 30-40% but, unfortunately, depression remains frequently underrecognized and often... (Review)
Review
The prevalence of major and minor depression in Parkinson's disease is around 30-40% but, unfortunately, depression remains frequently underrecognized and often undertreated. However, recognition and appropriate treatment of depression in patients with Parkinson's disease is essential for improving the cross-sectional picture and longitudinal course. This review focuses on the epidemiology, pathophysiology and different treatment modalities of depression in Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Antiparkinson Agents; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Comorbidity; Deep Brain Stimulation; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Humans; Parkinson Disease; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
PubMed: 25509363
DOI: No ID Found -
Neuro Endocrinology Letters Oct 2017Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is described as intermittent interruptions or reductions in airflow which are initiated by an incomplete or complete collapse of the upper... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is described as intermittent interruptions or reductions in airflow which are initiated by an incomplete or complete collapse of the upper airways despite respiratory effort. When left untreated, OSA is connected with comorbid conditions, such as cardiovascular and metabolic illnesses.
METHOD
The PubMed database was used to examine papers published until April 2017 using the subsequent terms: "obstructive sleep apnea" or "obstructive sleep apnoea" and "depression" in successive combination with "CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure)", "therapy", "pharmacotherapy", "psychotherapy", "cognitive behavioral therapy" or "quality of life".
RESULTS
After assessment for the suitability, 126 articles were chosen. The numerous evidence of a connection between OSA and depressive symptoms, as well as depressive disorder, were found. This connection may be directly or indirectly linked due to the participation of some OSA mediators consequences such as obesity, hypertension, and the decreased quality of life. Patients with the comorbid major depression and OSA reported more severe and longer episodes of depression. Nevertheless, the information on the effect of the treatment of OSA using CPAP on the depressive symptoms was limited. Still, the current state of the art suggests that this treatment decreases the severity of the comorbid depressive symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
It is important to evaluate the symptoms of depression in the patients with OSA. On the other side, a psychiatrist should not just treat the depression, as it is also important to screen individuals at high risk of OSA when assessing patients for depressive disorder, especially those with depression resistant to treatment.
Topics: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 29106789
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Psychotherapy Mar 2020This review details the history of the development of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), beginning at Yale University when Dr. Gerald Klerman led a maintenance study of... (Review)
Review
This review details the history of the development of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), beginning at Yale University when Dr. Gerald Klerman led a maintenance study of the treatment of depression. The trial aimed to mimic clinical practice and, therefore, included psychotherapy. This review describes the first IPT clinical trial, subsequent trials, and numerous IPT adaptations for different age groups, formats (group, telephone, computer), disorders, and educational levels of mental health trainees. As of 2017, at least 133 clinical trials of IPT had been carried out worldwide. This review also describes challenges associated with training clinicians to deliver evidence-based psychotherapy. It concludes with a discussion of future directions for IPT, which include expanding training to community health workers and testing IPT in low- and middle-income countries.
Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Interpersonal Psychotherapy; Interpersonal Relations; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31752510
DOI: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20190032