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International Review of Psychiatry... 2020The delineation of anxiety and depression as well as the relation between anxiety and depression are still subject of debate. Many patients suffering from depression... (Review)
Review
The delineation of anxiety and depression as well as the relation between anxiety and depression are still subject of debate. Many patients suffering from depression also suffer from anxiety, and many patients with anxiety suffer or will suffer from depression. The co-occurrence or co-morbidity is higher than what could be expected based on their respective prevalences, and even pushed some authors to call it cothymia. This epidemiological and clinical reality results in many conceptual hesitations. We first will summarize how the different (versions of the) classification systems do not seem to have been successful in their attempts to delineate the blurred line between depression and anxiety, before questioning whether a dialogue with a more phenomenological or psychopathological approach could be helpful in understanding the articulation between both affective phenomena, as well as in bridging neurobiological research and clinical practice.
Topics: Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Comorbidity; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Psychopathology
PubMed: 32436448
DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2020.1764509 -
American Journal of Psychotherapy Mar 2020Family-based interpersonal psychotherapy (FB-IPT) is an evidence-based psychosocial intervention for depression in preadolescents (ages 8-12 years). Adapted from... (Review)
Review
Family-based interpersonal psychotherapy (FB-IPT) is an evidence-based psychosocial intervention for depression in preadolescents (ages 8-12 years). Adapted from interpersonal psychotherapy for adolescents with depression and modified for younger children, this therapy includes structured dyadic sessions with preadolescents and their parents, guidance for parents in supporting their children and decreasing negative parent-child interactions, and a focus on preadolescents' comorbid anxiety and peer relationships. This article reviews the conceptual foundations and risk factors related to preadolescent depression and the rationale for focusing on improving preadolescents' interpersonal relationships to decrease depressive symptoms and risk for depression during adolescence. The structure and goals for the initial, middle, and termination phases of FB-IPT are described, as well as the specific communication and problem-solving strategies presented to preadolescents and parents. Last, research on the efficacy of FB-IPT is summarized, as are future directions for implementing this promising psychosocial intervention for preadolescent depression in community settings.
Topics: Anxiety; Child; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Family Therapy; Humans; Interpersonal Psychotherapy; Interpersonal Relations; Peer Group
PubMed: 32050785
DOI: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20190028 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Apr 2023Depression is a common mental illness that afflicts over 300 million individuals worldwide. Despite a variety of therapeutic options available, a significant number of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND & RATIONALE
Depression is a common mental illness that afflicts over 300 million individuals worldwide. Despite a variety of therapeutic options available, a significant number of depressed patients fail to respond to treatment. Current guidelines for treating depression suggest that supplementation of essential nutrients may be an appropriate adjunctive to treatment, but research investigating full dietary interventions for depressed patients is scarce.
STUDY OBJECTIVE
The primary aim of this study was to systematically review published scientific literature investigating full dietary interventions as treatment for individuals with a diagnosis of depression. In doing so, we assessed existing evidence for recommendation of a dietary intervention and reviewed theory of how diet may be important in this context.
METHODS
A systematic search was conducted using OVID to search Medline, PsychINFO, and EMBASE, and PubMed for relevant publications. Only studies including full dietary interventions for patients with Major Depressive Episode, Major Depressive Disorder, Persistent Depressive Disorder, Seasonal Affective Disorder, or Dysthymia, as diagnosed using criteria defined in the chapter of "Depressive Disorders" in the DSM, were included.
RESULTS
Only five studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. All five studies included in this review reported improvements in mood following dietary intervention as compared to the comparison group. However, heterogeneity in both the dietary intervention and the outcome(s) measured made it difficult to compare these studies against each other and to generalize them to larger populations.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this review provide preliminary evidence for the positive impact of dietary interventions in the treatment of depressed patients. However, the mechanism by which particular diets induce positive changes in mood, be it through anti-inflammatory mechanisms or via weight loss in overweight patients, is unclear. Future research investigating the impact of dietary interventions on a large-scale is warranted and needed.
Topics: Humans; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Diet; Overweight; Seasonal Affective Disorder
PubMed: 36738997
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.094 -
Journal of Geriatric Oncology Sep 2019The increasing number of older adults living with cancer will inevitably include vulnerable subgroups who experience a range of depressive symptoms throughout the care... (Review)
Review
The increasing number of older adults living with cancer will inevitably include vulnerable subgroups who experience a range of depressive symptoms throughout the care continuum. It is well established that depression can lead to decreased quality of life, poor treatment adherence, increased length of hospital stay and health service utilization, and in severe cases, suicide. Thus, clinicians working in oncology must be able to identify, conceptualize, and treat (or connect to services) the mental health concerns of their older patients. This brief review describes the unique etiologies, features, and treatments for depressive syndromes among older adults in the oncology setting, drawing on the literature and prevailing depression management guidelines from both psycho-oncology and geriatric depression research.
Topics: Adjustment Disorders; Aged; Antidepressive Agents; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Geriatric Psychiatry; Humans; Neoplasms; Patient Health Questionnaire; Problem Solving; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psycho-Oncology; Psychotherapy
PubMed: 30797709
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2019.02.005 -
Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni... 2021To compare socio-demographic and clinical characteristics in men and women with depression.
OBJECTIVE
To compare socio-demographic and clinical characteristics in men and women with depression.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We studied 388 patients with unipolar depression, 74 men and 314 women. The survey was carried out using the clinical-psychopathological method and psychometric scales for depression.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
Gender differences are identified for several parameters. Women are older, more often had comorbid somatic and organic disorders; men have personality disorders and chronic depression. The severity of depression in women was higher due to symptoms such as reported sadness, anxiety, reduced sleep and appetite, concentration difficulties, and suicidal thoughts. Apparent sadness did not significantly differ in men and women. Anhedonia was more pronounced in men.
Topics: Anhedonia; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Male
PubMed: 34481430
DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202112108113 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Nov 2017The gut microbiota is believed to affect a wide variety of mental disorders, including depression. The hypothesis involves bacterial signalling to the host through... (Review)
Review
The gut microbiota is believed to affect a wide variety of mental disorders, including depression. The hypothesis involves bacterial signalling to the host through metabolic, endocrinal, immunologic and neuronal pathways. Few studies of patients with depression have shown altered microbiota profiles and increased levels of systemic endotoxin, which can be detected by leucocytes and result in expression of cytokines. Studies performed so far have lacked statistical power and provide no causal explanation for the gut-brain hypothesis. Further research into the matter is certainly warranted.
Topics: Brain; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans
PubMed: 29208194
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Psychiatry in... Mar 2023In diagnostic systems (e.g., DSM-5, ICD-10), depression is defined categorically. However, the concept of subthreshold depression (SD) has gained increasing interest in... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
In diagnostic systems (e.g., DSM-5, ICD-10), depression is defined categorically. However, the concept of subthreshold depression (SD) has gained increasing interest in recent years. The purpose of the present paper was to review, based on a scoping review, the relevant papers in this field published between October 2011 and September 2020.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Of the 1,160 papers identified, 64 records could be included in further analysis. The scoping review was conducted using both electronic and manual methods.
RESULTS
The main result of the analysis is that the operationalisation criteria used are highly heterogeneous, which also leads to very heterogenous epidemiological data.
CONCLUSIONS
Clear conclusions are not possible scrutinising the reported results. Most definitions seem to be arbitrary, with considerable overlap (e.g., between SD and minor depression). The review also revealed that the impact of SD on quality of life and related parameters appear to be in the range of the respective impact of major depression (MD) and therapeutic approaches might be helpful for SD and also for the prevention of conversion from SD to MD. Keeping the presented difficulties in mind, a proposal for the definition of SD is made in the present paper in order to facilitate the discussion leading to more homogeneous criteria.
Topics: Humans; Depression; Quality of Life; Depressive Disorder, Major; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; International Classification of Diseases
PubMed: 35736807
DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2022.2087530 -
Current Opinion in Psychiatry Sep 2021Depression is a prevalent comorbidity in cancer that significantly increases the risk for numerous negative health outcomes. This review updates the current evidence... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Depression is a prevalent comorbidity in cancer that significantly increases the risk for numerous negative health outcomes. This review updates the current evidence base for management of depression in cancer, highlighting new research directions based on the inflammatory hypothesis of depression.
RECENT FINDINGS
Research on pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy for depression in cancer has shown mixed efficacy partly because of methodological issues arising from the phenomenology of depression in cancer. After decades of stagnancy, more recent high-quality clinical trials are beginning to provide an evidence base to guide treatment. Inflammatory cytokine-associated depression is a subtype of depression that may have particular relevance in cancer, opening new avenues to explore therapeutic targets and biobehavioral impacts of interventions, which may improve cancer outcomes.
SUMMARY
The continuum of severity in cancer-related depression is important to consider in management approaches. Choice of treatment should be personalized to the patient and their symptom profile as there is currently insufficient evidence to recommend any particular medication or psychotherapy over another. Psychological interventions should be considered first line for mild-to-moderate depression, and pharmacological treatment added for more severe depression, which can be optimally delivered within a collaborative care model.
VIDEO ABSTRACT
http://links.lww.com/YCO/A62.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Combined Modality Therapy; Comorbidity; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Neoplasms; Psychotherapy
PubMed: 34224469
DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000727 -
Molecular Psychiatry Aug 2019Maternal mental illness can have a devastating effect during the perinatal period, and has a profound impact on the care that the baby receives and on the relationships... (Review)
Review
Maternal mental illness can have a devastating effect during the perinatal period, and has a profound impact on the care that the baby receives and on the relationships that the baby forms. This review summarises clinical evidence showing the effects of perinatal depression on offspring physical and behavioural development, and on the transmission of psychopathology between generations. We then evaluate a number of factors which influence this relationship, such as genetic factors, the use of psychotropic medications during pregnancy, the timing within the perinatal period, the sex of the foetus, and exposure to maltreatment in childhood. Finally, we examine recent findings regarding the molecular mechanisms underpinning these clinical observations, and identify relevant epigenetic and biomarker changes in the glucocorticoid, oxytocin, oestrogen and immune systems, as key biological mediators of these clinical findings. By understanding these molecular mechanisms in more detail, we will be able to improve outcomes for both mothers and their offspring for generations.
Topics: Child; Child Abuse; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Family; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Mental Disorders; Mothers; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
PubMed: 30283036
DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0265-4 -
Current Psychiatry Reports Jul 2019Evidence regarding the treatment of late-life depression is not necessarily generalizable to persons with a neurocognitive disorder and comorbid depression. Thus, this... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Evidence regarding the treatment of late-life depression is not necessarily generalizable to persons with a neurocognitive disorder and comorbid depression. Thus, this article reviews recent evidence that pertains to the treatment of depression in older adults with neurocognitive disorders, and synthesizes and critically analyzes this literature to identify methodological issues and gaps for the purpose of future research.
RECENT FINDINGS
Controlled trials and meta-analyses examining depression treatment in neurocognitive disorders, published between 2015 and 2019 (N = 16 reports), can be divided into those addressing pharmacotherapy, psychological and behavioral therapy, and somatic therapy. The evidence generally does not support benefit of antidepressant medication over placebo in treating depressive disorders in dementia. No pharmacological studies since 2015 have examined antidepressant medication in participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Problem adaptation therapy demonstrates efficacy for depression in MCI and mild dementia. Other psychological and behavioral interventions for depressive symptoms in dementia demonstrate mixed findings. The only somatic treatment trials published since 2015 have assessed bright light therapy, with positive findings but methodological limitations. Psychological, behavioral, and somatic treatments represent promising treatment options for depression in neurocognitive disorders, but further studies are needed, particularly in participants with depressive disorders rather than subclinical depressive symptoms. Little is known about the treatment of depression in patients with MCI, and rigorous identification of MCI in late-life depression treatment trials will help to advance knowledge in this area. Addressing methodological issues, particularly the diagnosis and measurement of clinically significant depression in dementia, will help to move the field forward.
Topics: Aged; Antidepressive Agents; Cognitive Dysfunction; Dementia; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Humans
PubMed: 31278542
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-019-1047-7