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The New England Journal of Medicine Jan 2023Limited prospective outcome data exist regarding transgender and nonbinary youth receiving gender-affirming hormones (GAH; testosterone or estradiol). (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Limited prospective outcome data exist regarding transgender and nonbinary youth receiving gender-affirming hormones (GAH; testosterone or estradiol).
METHODS
We characterized the longitudinal course of psychosocial functioning during the 2 years after GAH initiation in a prospective cohort of transgender and nonbinary youth in the United States. Participants were enrolled in a four-site prospective, observational study of physical and psychosocial outcomes. Participants completed the Transgender Congruence Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (Second Edition), and the Positive Affect and Life Satisfaction measures from the NIH (National Institutes of Health) Toolbox Emotion Battery at baseline and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after GAH initiation. We used latent growth curve modeling to examine individual trajectories of appearance congruence, depression, anxiety, positive affect, and life satisfaction over a period of 2 years. We also examined how initial levels of and rates of change in appearance congruence correlated with those of each psychosocial outcome.
RESULTS
A total of 315 transgender and nonbinary participants 12 to 20 years of age (mean [±SD], 16±1.9) were enrolled in the study. A total of 190 participants (60.3%) were transmasculine (i.e., persons designated female at birth who identify along the masculine spectrum), 185 (58.7%) were non-Latinx or non-Latine White, and 25 (7.9%) had received previous pubertal suppression treatment. During the study period, appearance congruence, positive affect, and life satisfaction increased, and depression and anxiety symptoms decreased. Increases in appearance congruence were associated with concurrent increases in positive affect and life satisfaction and decreases in depression and anxiety symptoms. The most common adverse event was suicidal ideation (in 11 participants [3.5%]); death by suicide occurred in 2 participants.
CONCLUSIONS
In this 2-year study involving transgender and nonbinary youth, GAH improved appearance congruence and psychosocial functioning. (Funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.).
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; Humans; Gender Identity; Prospective Studies; Psychosocial Functioning; Testosterone; Transgender Persons; Estradiol; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Young Adult; Male
PubMed: 36652355
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2206297 -
Developmental Psychology Jan 2017has long been in the forefront of shaping the field of life span developmental science by advancing theory, research design, and statistical methodology and applying...
has long been in the forefront of shaping the field of life span developmental science by advancing theory, research design, and statistical methodology and applying these to timely topics. My overarching goal as editor is to ensure that DP continues to play a leading role in charting the future of developmental science research by maintaining the highest theoretical and methodological standards and to further extend our reach by continuing to encourage international and multidisciplinary researchers to submit manuscripts. My comments in this editorial are not meant to be viewed as an endorsement of any specific topic, theoretical perspective, or methodological/statistical modeling technique, and we do not propose to change the journal's broad mission, which is to publish "articles that significantly advance knowledge and theory about development across the life span." Rather, my comments reflect my views of the field of life span developmental science and where it is headed, informed by my own research since the early 1980s and, more recently, by my 6 years as an Associate Editor and my year as incoming Editor of . Based on these experiences, I want to share a few examples of what I have observed in terms of specific emerging timely content areas, as well as methodological design characteristics, that appear to be on the forefront of developmental science (PsycINFO Database Record
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Human Development; Humans; Internationality; Interpersonal Relations; Periodicals as Topic; Psychology, Developmental; Resilience, Psychological; Self Concept; Social Behavior
PubMed: 28026188
DOI: 10.1037/dev0000289 -
Journal of the History of the... 2015The American-Canadian psychologist Mary Ainsworth (1913-1999) developed the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) to measure mother-child attachment and attachment theorists...
The American-Canadian psychologist Mary Ainsworth (1913-1999) developed the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) to measure mother-child attachment and attachment theorists have used it ever since. When Ainsworth published the first results of the SSP in 1969, it seemed a completely novel and unique instrument. However, in this paper we will show that the SSP had many precursors and that the road to such an instrument was long and winding. Our analysis of hitherto little-known studies on children in strange situations allowed us to compare these earlier attempts with the SSP. We argue that it was the combination of Ainsworth's working experience with William Blatz and John Bowlby, her own research in Uganda and Baltimore, and the strong connection of the SSP with attachment theory, that made the SSP differ enough from the other strange situation studies to become one of the most widely used instruments in developmental psychology today.
Topics: History, 20th Century; Humans; Infant; Mother-Child Relations; Object Attachment; Psychological Theory; Psychology, Developmental; United States
PubMed: 25990818
DOI: 10.1002/jhbs.21729 -
International Journal of Nursing Studies Jun 2023Up to one third of all stroke patients suffer from one or more psychosocial impairments. Recognition and treatment of these impairments are essential in improving...
BACKGROUND
Up to one third of all stroke patients suffer from one or more psychosocial impairments. Recognition and treatment of these impairments are essential in improving psychosocial well-being after stroke. Although nurses are ideally positioned to address psychosocial well-being, they often feel insecure about providing the needed psychosocial care. Therefore, we expect that providing nurses with better knowledge to deliver this care could lead to an improvement in psychosocial well-being after stroke. Currently it is not known which interventions are effective and what aspects of these interventions are most effective to improve psychosocial well-being after stroke.
OBJECTIVE
To identify potentially effective interventions - and intervention components - which can be delivered by nurses to improve patients' psychosocial well-being after stroke.
METHODS
A systematic review and data synthesis of randomized controlled trials and quasi experimental studies was conducted. Papers were included according to the following criteria: 1) before-after design, 2) all types of stroke patients, 3) interventions that can be delivered by nurses, 4) the primary outcome(s) were psychosocial. PubMed, Embase, PsychInfo, CINAHL and Cochrane library were searched (August 2019-April 2022). Articles were selected based on title, abstract, full text and quality. Quality was assessed by using Joanna Briggs Institute checklists and a standardized data extraction form developed by Joanna Brigss Institute was used to extract the data.
RESULTS
In total 60 studies were included, of which 52 randomized controlled trials, three non-randomized controlled trials, four quasi-experimental studies, and one randomized cross-over study. Nineteen studies had a clear psychosocial content, twenty-nine a partly psychosocial content, and twelve no psychosocial content. Thirty-nine interventions that showed positive effects on psychosocial well-being after stroke were identified. Effective intervention topics were found to be mood, recovery, coping, emotions, consequences/problems after stroke, values and needs, risk factors and secondary prevention, self-management, and medication management. Active information and physical exercise were identified as effective methods of delivery.
DISCUSSION
The results suggest that interventions to improve psychosocial well-being should include the intervention topics and methods of delivery that were identified as effective. Since effectiveness of the intervention can depend on the interaction of intervention components, these interactions should be studied. Nurses and patients should be involved in the development of such interventions to ensure it can be used by nurses and will help improve patients' psychosocial well-being.
FUNDING AND REGISTRATION
This study was supported by the Taskforce for Applied Research SIA (RAAK.PUB04.010). This review was not registered.
Topics: Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Stroke; Psychosocial Functioning; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37084476
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104492 -
New Directions For Child and Adolescent... Jul 2020
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Development; Child; Child Development; Humans; Periodicals as Topic; Psychology, Developmental; Research Design
PubMed: 33017093
DOI: 10.1002/cad.20373 -
JAMA Pediatrics Dec 2021Hybrid closed-loop (HCL) therapy has improved glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes; however, the efficacy of HCL on glycemic and... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
IMPORTANCE
Hybrid closed-loop (HCL) therapy has improved glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes; however, the efficacy of HCL on glycemic and psychosocial outcomes has not yet been established in a long-term randomized clinical trial.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the percentage of time spent in the target glucose range using HCL vs current conventional therapies of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or multiple daily insulin injections with or without continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This 6-month, multicenter, randomized clinical trial included 172 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes; patients were recruited between April 18, 2017, and October 4, 2019, in Australia. Data were analyzed from July 25, 2020, to February 26, 2021.
INTERVENTIONS
Eligible participants were randomly assigned to either the control group for conventional therapy (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or multiple daily insulin injections with or without CGM) or the intervention group for HCL therapy.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The primary outcome was the percentage of time in range (TIR) within a glucose range of 70 to 180 mg/dL, measured by 3-week masked CGM collected at the end of the study in both groups. Secondary outcomes included CGM metrics for hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and glycemic variability and psychosocial measures collected by validated questionnaires.
RESULTS
A total of 135 patients (mean [SD] age, 15.3 [3.1] years; 76 girls [56%]) were included, with 68 randomized to the control group and 67 to the HCL group. Patients had a mean (SD) diabetes duration of 7.7 (4.3) years and mean hemoglobin A1c of 64 (11) mmol/mol, with 110 participants (81%) receiving continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and 72 (53%) receiving CGM. In the intention-to-treat analyses, TIR increased from a mean (SD) of 53.1% (13.0%) at baseline to 62.5% (12.0%) at the end of the study in the HCL group and from 54.6% (12.5%) to 56.1% (12.2%) in the control group, with a mean adjusted difference between the 2 groups of 6.7% (95% CI, 2.7%-10.8%; P = .002). Hybrid closed-loop therapy also reduced the time that patients spent in a hypoglycemic (<70 mg/dL) range (difference, -1.9%; 95% CI, -2.5% to -1.3%) and improved glycemic variability (coefficient of variation difference, -5.7%; 95% CI, -10.2% to -0.9%). Hybrid closed-loop therapy was associated with improved diabetes-specific quality of life (difference, 4.4 points; 95% CI, 0.4-8.4 points), with no change in diabetes distress. There were no episodes of severe hypoglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis in either group.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this randomized clinical trial, 6 months of HCL therapy significantly improved glycemic control and quality of life compared with conventional therapy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ANZCTR identifier: ACTRN12616000753459.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; Glycemic Control; Humans; Male; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Psychosocial Functioning
PubMed: 34633418
DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.3965 -
Development and Psychopathology Dec 2018Culture plays a pivotal role in adaptive and maladaptive development. However, culture remains disconnected from theory, research, training, assessment, and...
Culture plays a pivotal role in adaptive and maladaptive development. However, culture remains disconnected from theory, research, training, assessment, and interventions in developmental psychopathology, limiting our understanding of the genesis and epigenesis of mental health. Cultural development and psychopathology research can help overcome this limitation by focusing on the elucidation of cultural risk, protective, and promotive factors, at the individual and social levels, that initiate, derail, or maintain trajectories of normal and abnormal behavior. The goal of this Special Issue is to showcase research on the association between culture, development, and psychopathology that investigates equifinality and multifinality in cultural development, the interplay between culture and biology, cultural assessment and interventions, and cultural differences and similarities.
Topics: Culture; Human Development; Humans; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Psychology, Developmental; Psychopathology
PubMed: 30451138
DOI: 10.1017/S0954579418001220 -
PsyCh Journal Aug 2022In recent decades, life history theory (LHT) has provided an important theoretical framework for understanding human individual differences and their developmental... (Review)
Review
In recent decades, life history theory (LHT) has provided an important theoretical framework for understanding human individual differences and their developmental processes. The conceptual complexity and multidisciplinary connections involved in the LH research, however, might appear daunting to psychologists whose research might otherwise benefit from the LH perspective. The main purpose of this review, therefore, is to introduce the evolutionary biological backgrounds and basic principles of LHT as well as their applications in developmental psychology. This review is organized into five parts, starting with an overview of key concepts in LHT, which clarifies the relationship among LH strategy, LH-related traits, and the fast-slow paradigm of LH variation. We proceed to review theoretical and empirical work related to four basic LH trade-offs, summarized by an integrated descriptive model of LH trade-offs that shape different LH strategies in humans. We then explain the effects of four aspects of environmental risks (morbidity-mortality threats, competition, resource scarcity, and unpredictability) on human LH strategy. This is followed by a discussion of LH calibration models in evolutionary developmental psychology that explicates the environmentally sensitive developmental processes that contribute to variation and plasticity in LH-related traits and ultimately human LH strategies. Finally, we highlight a few outstanding questions and future directions for LH research in psychology and conclude with why we think it is important that developmental psychology should embrace the LH approach.
Topics: Biological Evolution; Humans; Life History Traits; Psychology, Developmental
PubMed: 35599317
DOI: 10.1002/pchj.561 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Jan 2016As a discipline, developmental psychology has a long history of relying on animal models and data collected among distinct cultural groups to enrich and inform theories... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
As a discipline, developmental psychology has a long history of relying on animal models and data collected among distinct cultural groups to enrich and inform theories of the ways social and cognitive processes unfold through the lifespan. However, approaches that draw together developmental, cross-cultural and comparative perspectives remain rare. The need for such an approach is reflected in the papers by Heyes (2015 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 371, 20150069. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0069)), Schmelz & Call (2015 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 371, 20150067. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0067)) and Keller (2015 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 371, 20150070. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0070)) in this theme issue. Here, we incorporate these papers into a review of recent research endeavours covering a range of core aspects of social cognition, including social learning, cooperation and collaboration, prosociality, and theory of mind. In so doing, we aim to highlight how input from comparative and cross-cultural empiricism has altered our perspectives of human development and, in particular, led to a deeper understanding of the evolution of the human cultural mind.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Biological Evolution; Cognition; Cooperative Behavior; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Humans; Learning; Psychology, Developmental; Social Behavior; Theory of Mind
PubMed: 26644590
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0071 -
Journal of Child Psychology and... Apr 2018The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry's Annual Research Review (ARR) is a must-read special issue of the journal that presents a series of major reviews of key...
The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry's Annual Research Review (ARR) is a must-read special issue of the journal that presents a series of major reviews of key topics in the field. This year the ARR consists of eight reviews, each accompanied by a commentary from a leading expert in the field, on a diverse range of topics addressing, in complementary ways, the key role of the environment in child psychopathology and in leveraging change in the service of prevention and intervention. Topics include epigenetics, stress physiology, neonatal imaging, interparental conflict, bullying, autism treatments and suicide. The papers considered together represent the very best of contemporary child psychology and psychiatry research.
Topics: Child; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive; Gene-Environment Interaction; Humans; Psychology, Developmental
PubMed: 29574739
DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12904