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Infant Behavior & Development Feb 2022Stage models have been influential in characterizing infant vocalizations in the first year of life. These models are basically descriptive and do not explain why... (Review)
Review
Stage models have been influential in characterizing infant vocalizations in the first year of life. These models are basically descriptive and do not explain why certain types of vocal behaviors occur within a particular stage or why successive patterns of vocalization occur. This review paper summarizes and elaborates a theory of Developmental Functional Modules (DFMs) and discusses how maturational gradients in the DFMs explain age typical vocalizations as well as the transitions between successive stages or other static forms. Maturational gradients are based on biological processes that effect the reconfiguration and remodeling of the respiratory, laryngeal, and craniofacial systems during infancy. From a dynamic systems perspective, DFMs are part of a complex system with multiple degrees of freedom that can achieve stable performance with relatively few control variables by relying on principles such as synergies, self-organization, nonlinear performance, and movement variability.
Topics: Biological Phenomena; Humans; Infant; Movement; Voice
PubMed: 34920296
DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101682 -
Current Diabetes Reviews 2015Developmentally-tailored diabetes self-care education and support are integral parts of contemporary multidisciplinary T1D care. The patient with T1D must have the... (Review)
Review
Developmentally-tailored diabetes self-care education and support are integral parts of contemporary multidisciplinary T1D care. The patient with T1D must have the support of the family and the diabetes team to maintain the rigors of diabetes management, but the specific roles of patients and families with regard to daily diabetes tasks change considerably throughout the developmental span of early childhood, middle childhood/school-age years, and adolescence. This review provides a framework of key normative developmental issues for each of these developmental stages. Within this context, ideal family diabetes management is reviewed within each developmental stage and anticipated challenges that can arise during these stages and that can adversely impact diabetes management are presented. This paper also summarizes empirical evidence for specific intervention and care strategies to support optimal diabetes management across these stages in order to maximize opportunities for a successful transfer of diabetes management tasks from parents to maturing youth. Finally, the review provides an emphasis on approaches to promote family teamwork and adolescent diabetes self-care adherence as well as opportunities to use novel technology platforms as a means to support optimal diabetes management.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adolescent Development; Age Factors; Child; Child Behavior; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Family Relations; Health Behavior; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Self Care; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 25901503
DOI: 10.2174/1573399811666150421114146 -
Seminars in Oncology Nursing Jun 2019To report evidence regarding pain assessment and management for children and adolescents receiving treatment for cancer. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To report evidence regarding pain assessment and management for children and adolescents receiving treatment for cancer.
DATA SOURCES
Published research and clinical guidelines.
CONCLUSION
Children and adolescents experience multiple sources of pain across the cancer continuum. They require developmentally relevant approaches when assessing and managing pain. This review suggests that consideration of the developmental stage and age of the child are essential in both pain assessment and pain management.
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE
Pediatric oncology nurses play a key role in developmentally appropriate pain assessment, identification of potential strategies to manage pain, and delivery of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies.
Topics: Cancer Pain; Child; Humans; Nurse's Role; Pain Measurement
PubMed: 31078340
DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2019.04.007 -
BMC Genomics Oct 2021Alternative splicing (AS) is an important mechanism of posttranscriptional modification and dynamically regulates multiple physiological processes in plants, including...
BACKGROUND
Alternative splicing (AS) is an important mechanism of posttranscriptional modification and dynamically regulates multiple physiological processes in plants, including fruit ripening. However, little is known about alternative splicing during fruit development in fleshy fruits.
RESULTS
We studied the alternative splicing at the immature and ripe stages during fruit development in cucumber, melon, papaya and peach. We found that 14.96-17.48% of multiexon genes exhibited alternative splicing. Intron retention was not always the most frequent event, indicating that the alternative splicing pattern during different developmental process differs. Alternative splicing was significantly more prevalent at the ripe stage than at the immature stage in cucumber and melon, while the opposite trend was shown in papaya and peach, implying that developmental stages adopt different alternative splicing strategies for their specific functions. Some genes involved in fruit ripening underwent stage-specific alternative splicing, indicating that alternative splicing regulates fruits ripening. Conserved alternative splicing events did not appear to be stage-specific. Clustering fruit developmental stages across the four species based on alternative splicing profiles resulted in species-specific clustering, suggesting that diversification of alternative splicing contributes to lineage-specific evolution in fleshy fruits.
CONCLUSIONS
We obtained high quality transcriptomes and alternative splicing events during fruit development across the four species. Dynamics and nonconserved alternative splicing were discovered. The candidate stage-specific AS genes involved in fruit ripening will provide valuable insight into the roles of alternative splicing during the developmental processes of fleshy fruits.
Topics: Alternative Splicing; Fruit; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Plants; Prunus persica; Transcriptome
PubMed: 34702184
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08111-1 -
Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE Mar 2021The mouse is the mammalian animal model of choice for many human diseases and biological processes. Developmental biology often requires staged-pregnant mice to...
The mouse is the mammalian animal model of choice for many human diseases and biological processes. Developmental biology often requires staged-pregnant mice to determine evolving processes at various timepoints. Moreover, optimal and efficient breeding of model mice requires an assessment of timed pregnancies. Most commonly, mice are mated overnight, and the presence of a vaginal plug is determined; however, the positive predictive value of this technique is suboptimal, and one needs to wait to know if the mouse is truly pregnant. High-resolution ultrasound biomicroscopy is an effective and efficient tool for imaging: 1) Whether a mouse is pregnant; 2) What gestational stage the mouse has reached; and 3) Whether there are intrauterine losses. In addition to the embryos and fetuses, the investigator must also recognize common artifacts in the abdominal cavity so as not to mistake these for a gravid uterus. This article provides a protocol for imaging along with illustrative examples.
Topics: Animals; Female; Humans; Mice; Pregnancy; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 33818561
DOI: 10.3791/61893 -
Journal of Molecular Biology Nov 2022Many vertebrate genes generate multiple transcript variants that may encode functionally distinct protein isoforms, but the transcriptomes of various developmental...
Many vertebrate genes generate multiple transcript variants that may encode functionally distinct protein isoforms, but the transcriptomes of various developmental stages are poorly defined. Identifying the transcriptome and its regulation during the normal developmental process is the key to deciphering the developmental stage-specific functions of genes. Here we presented a systematic assessment of the temporal alternative splicing (AS) events during the critical development stages to capture the dynamic gene expression changes and AS in zebrafish. An unexpected transcriptome complexity generated by AS was observed during zebrafish development. The patterns of AS events varied substantially among developmental stages despite the similarities in the total proportion of AS genes. We further found that AS afforded substantial functional diversification of genes through the generation of stage-specific AS events from broadly protein-coding genes as an essential developmental regulatory mechanism. Skipped exon (SE) showed the strongest signals among developmental AS (devAS), suggesting that devAS events generated by SE may be necessary for the normal development of zebrafish. Most developmental genes regulated by AS mechanisms were not modulated in terms of their overall expression levels, indicating that AS shaped the transcriptome independently from transcriptional regulation during development. 128-cell stage was a critical stage for gene transcription during embryonic development. Splicing factors as an essential developmental regulator underwent AS in the potential autoregulatory feedback loop and expressed multiple isoforms. Thus, zebrafish development was shaped by an interplay of programs controlling gene expression levels and AS. Overall, we provided a global view of developmental patterns of AS during zebrafish development and revealed that AS transitions were the crucial regulatory component of zebrafish embryonic development.
Topics: Animals; Alternative Splicing; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Protein Isoforms; Transcriptome; Zebrafish; Zebrafish Proteins
PubMed: 36087778
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167821 -
Molecular Reproduction and Development Jan 2023Postnatal ovarian and uterine development is crucial to accomplished female fertility. Thus, the investigations of factors that present in pre-pubertal stages are...
Postnatal ovarian and uterine development is crucial to accomplished female fertility. Thus, the investigations of factors that present in pre-pubertal stages are important as it might be responsible for the regulation of ovarian and uterine function. Apelin, an adipokine and its receptor (APJ) are present in female reproductive organs. However, no study has reported its postnatal expression in uterus and ovary. Thus, we investigated the postnatal developmental changes in expression and localization of apelin and APJ in the ovary and uterus of mice. Postnatal ovary and uterus were collected from postnatal day (PND) 1, 7, 14, 21, 42, 65 and performed western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Uterine APJ is elevated in PND14 and PND65, whereas, ovarian APJ elevated in PND7, PND14, and PND65. Apelin expression in both ovary and uterus showed intense staining at PND65 and PND14. Our results showed that apelin and APJ abundance was lower at PND21 in uterus and ovary. In conclusion, apelin and APJ are developmentally regulated in the ovary and uterus, and its localization in the different compartments of ovary and uterus suggest its distribution specific physiological role in the uterus and ovary.
Topics: Animals; Female; Mice; Apelin; Apelin Receptors; Carrier Proteins; Ovary; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Uterus
PubMed: 36459577
DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23657 -
Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical... Aug 2022The goal of this Special Section is to highlight the generativity of taking a developmental perspective toward the RDoC framework that considers developmental processes...
The goal of this Special Section is to highlight the generativity of taking a developmental perspective toward the RDoC framework that considers developmental processes and principles and the environmental and contextual processes relevant at different ages and developmental stages. The 9 papers in this Special Section and 2 invited commentaries exemplify and highlight sophisticated efforts to integrate development and principles of developmental psychopathology into the RDoC framework. In so doing, the papers both demonstrate how a developmental perspective can bolster strengths of the RDoC approach and identify notable gaps and shortcomings in how the RDoC framework, assumptions, and constructs are currently conceptualized. There are critical tensions between conducting developmentally informed and informative RDoC research. Our measures and research designs are often outstripped by the challenge of testing our ambitious ideas. Examining the causal transactions between individual differences in RDoC dimensions and normative maturational tasks, supportive and hindering contexts, and the potential moderation of associations by developmental history will produce important information about the development, manifestation, and course of psychopathology. Addressing these gaps holds great potential for identifying preventive-intervention targets, impactful intervention settings, and environmental and contextual supports. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Aspirations, Psychological; Humans; Mental Disorders; Psychopathology
PubMed: 35901385
DOI: 10.1037/abn0000767 -
Cryo Letters 2022Developmental stage and cryopreservation method have significant impact on the pregnancy rate after transfer of embryos produced in vivo.
BACKGROUND
Developmental stage and cryopreservation method have significant impact on the pregnancy rate after transfer of embryos produced in vivo.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the pregnancy outcomes from ovine embryos cryopreserved at different developmental stages.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Embryos at different developmental stages were obtained from donor ewes through simultaneous estrus treatment and laparoscopic artificial insemination. Embryos, either cryopreserved via vitrification or slow freezing method, were implanted into recipient ewes. The pregnancy rate was determined 35 days after transfer.
RESULTS
The pregnancy rate of developing embryos increases after transfer from the morula stage, early blastocyst to expanded blastocyst stages (64.9%, 73.9% and 81.3%, respectively). However, cryopreservation significantly decreases the pregnancy rate of embryos at all three developmental stages, and there is no significant difference among developmental stages (43.9%, 43.7%, 52.9%, respectively). There is also no significant difference in the pregnancy rate between slowly-frozen embryos and vitrified embryos.
CONCLUSION
The pregnancy outcomes of embryo transfer is better at the expanded blastocyst stage than at earlier stages. However, no difference is observed in the pregnancy rate of embryos at different developmental stage after cryopreservation, either by slow freezing and vitrification. Cryopreservation methods for ovine embryos, both slow freezing and vitrification, need further improvement. doi.org/10.54680/fr22510110512.
Topics: Pregnancy; Sheep; Animals; Female; Cryopreservation; Vitrification; Sheep, Domestic; Freezing; Pregnancy Rate; Blastocyst
PubMed: 36626131
DOI: No ID Found -
Neuropharmacology Feb 2023Amoxicillin has been widely used to treat infectious diseases during pregnancy. Current studies suggest that amoxicillin exposure during pregnancy could lead to...
BACKGROUND
Amoxicillin has been widely used to treat infectious diseases during pregnancy. Current studies suggest that amoxicillin exposure during pregnancy could lead to developmental disorders in the offspring and increase the incidence of long-term complications such as asthma and kidney damage in adulthood. However, the adverse effects of prenatal amoxicillin exposure (PAmE) including administration stage, doses and courses on fetal hippocampal neurodevelopment and its function in the offspring have not been elucidated. In this study, we intend to investigate the effects of PAmE on fetal hippocampal development and its possible mechanisms.
METHOD
Pregnant Kunming mice were given intragastric administration with amoxicillin at different administration stage, doses and courses, and GD (gestational day) 18 offspring hippocampus was collected for morphological and development-related functional assays, and the molecular mechanisms were explored.
RESULTS
PAmE induced hippocampal hypoplasia in the offspring with suppressed hippocampal neuronal cell proliferation and impaired neuronal synaptic plasticity comparatively; hippocampal astrocyte and microglia were damaged to varying degrees. The developmental toxicity of PAmE in fetal mices varies by time, dose, and course of treatment. The most severe damage was observed in the late gestation, high dose, and multi-course dosing groups. The significant reduction either in SOX2, an essential gene in regulating neural progenitor cell proliferation, and reduction of genes related to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway may suggest that the key role of SOX2/Wnt/β-catenin pathway in impaired hippocampal development in the offspring due to PAmE.
CONCLUSION
In this study, PAmE was found to be developmentally toxic to the hippocampus thus to induce developmental damage to various hippocampal cells; Even with current clinically safe doses, potential hippocampal damage to offspring may still present; This study provides a theoretical and experimental basis for guiding the rational usage of drugs during pregnancy and giving effectively assessment of the risk on fetal hippocampal developmental toxicity.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; beta Catenin; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Amoxicillin; Hippocampus
PubMed: 36396078
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109331