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Frontiers in Endocrinology 2020
Topics: Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Lung Diseases; Obesity
PubMed: 32765427
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00462 -
Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift... Jan 2021Diabetic dyslipidemia is a major cause of the increased cardiovascular risk in diabetes. This lipid disorder is characterized by increased plasma triglycerides,...
Diabetic dyslipidemia is a major cause of the increased cardiovascular risk in diabetes. This lipid disorder is characterized by increased plasma triglycerides, increased remnant particles of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, small dense LDL particles and reduced HDL cholesterol. The main pathogenetic triggers are obesity and insulin resistance. In addition to lifestyle measures, statins, ezetimibe and eventually PCSK9 inhibitors are available to treat diabetic dyslipidemia and to reduce the cardiovascular risk. Fibrates and omega-3 fatty acids currently do not play a significant therapeutic role. A consistent and target-oriented therapy of diabetic dyslipidemia is a prerequisite for a cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with diabetes, which has been well proven in clinical studies.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Dyslipidemias; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hypolipidemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Life Style; Lipids; Obesity
PubMed: 33465804
DOI: 10.1055/a-1202-3165 -
Clinical Medicine (London, England) Dec 2014The co-existence of diabetes mellitus and HIV infection poses significant challenges for both patient and physician. This article reviews the clinical problems, the... (Review)
Review
The co-existence of diabetes mellitus and HIV infection poses significant challenges for both patient and physician. This article reviews the clinical problems, the implications for treatment plans and potential confusions that can arise when managing patients who have both conditions.
Topics: Diabetes Complications; HIV Infections; Humans
PubMed: 25468855
DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.14-6-667 -
Canadian Journal of Diabetes Oct 2019
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Quality of Health Care; Risk Factors
PubMed: 31547919
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2019.07.006 -
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome 2019Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disease, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. The hyperglycemic milieu leads to endothelial injury in blood vessels of... (Review)
Review
Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disease, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. The hyperglycemic milieu leads to endothelial injury in blood vessels of variant size, which results in microangiopathy and macroangiopathy (atherosclerosis). Consequential ischemia of nerves and hyperglycemia by itself lead to nerve degeneration and generalized neuropathy, affecting most often the sensory peripheral nerves and the autonomic nervous system. Auditory, vestibular and olfactory sensorium may be compromised by DM. People with DM have an increased susceptibility to infection, as a result of neutrophil dysfunction and impaired humoral immunity. Therefore DM predisposes to certain infectious diseases, such as fungal sinusitis or malignant otitis externa, which are rare in general population. Recovery from infections or from injuries may be compromised by coexisting DM. In this review we discuss complications of DM in the head and neck region. Otolaryngologists and general practitioners should be alert to specific conditions related to DM and be minded of the relevant complications and consequences.
Topics: Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Neuropathies; Humans; Incidence; Israel; Otolaryngology; Prognosis; Vestibular Diseases
PubMed: 31336457
DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.006 -
European Journal of Preventive... Mar 2018
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Global Health; Humans; Morbidity; Survival Rate
PubMed: 29488409
DOI: 10.1177/2047487318762643 -
Bone Jan 2016Diabetes is associated with a number of lower extremity orthopedic conditions and complications including fractures, Charcot neuroarthropathy, plantar ulcers, and... (Review)
Review
Diabetes is associated with a number of lower extremity orthopedic conditions and complications including fractures, Charcot neuroarthropathy, plantar ulcers, and infection. These complications are of significant clinical concern in terms of morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic costs. A review of each condition is discussed, with particular emphasis on the clinical importance, diagnostic considerations, and orthopedic treatment recommendations. The goal of the article is to provide a clinical picture of the challenges that orthopedic surgeons confront, and highlight the need for specific clinical guidelines in diabetic patients.
Topics: Animals; Bone Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Fractures, Bone; Humans
PubMed: 26211990
DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.07.029 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2021A growing body of evidence points to the role of glucose variability (GV) in the development of the microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. In this... (Review)
Review
A growing body of evidence points to the role of glucose variability (GV) in the development of the microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. In this review, we summarize data on GV-induced biochemical, cellular and molecular events involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Current data indicate that the deteriorating effect of GV on target organs can be realized through oxidative stress, glycation, chronic low-grade inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, impaired angiogenesis and renal fibrosis. The effects of GV on oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and hypercoagulability could be aggravated by hypoglycemia, associated with high GV. Oscillating hyperglycemia contributes to beta cell dysfunction, which leads to a further increase in GV and completes the vicious circle. In cells, the GV-induced cytotoxic effect includes mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress and disturbances in autophagic flux, which are accompanied by reduced viability, activation of apoptosis and abnormalities in cell proliferation. These effects are realized through the up- and down-regulation of a large number of genes and the activity of signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, MAPK (ERK), JNK and TGF-β/Smad. Epigenetic modifications mediate the postponed effects of glucose fluctuations. The multiple deteriorative effects of GV provide further support for considering it as a therapeutic target in diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemia
PubMed: 34360550
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157783 -
Clinical Oncology (Royal College of... Sep 2020Diabetes and cancer are common conditions highly prevalent in the general population. The co-existence of diabetes and cancer in a patient is therefore not unexpected.... (Review)
Review
Diabetes and cancer are common conditions highly prevalent in the general population. The co-existence of diabetes and cancer in a patient is therefore not unexpected. Diabetes increases the risk of mortality from cancer and morbidity from the treatment of cancer. Furthermore, many cancer chemotherapeutic regimens increase glucose levels, especially those involving glucocorticoids. Many clinical oncologists will deal with patients with diabetes in their clinical work, and some working knowledge of diabetes diagnosis and management is helpful when managing such patients. This overview aims to summarise the clinical diagnosis and management of diabetes, review the potential links between diabetes and cancer, and provide some practical guidance on the management of hyperglycaemia in patients undergoing cancer therapy.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Neoplasms; Oncologists; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 32299722
DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.03.012 -
Journal of Diabetes Research 2019
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 31192263
DOI: 10.1155/2019/4189813