-
Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Jan 2022Diabetes is a common condition that is increasing in incidence worldwide. Although the skin manifestations of this condition are well described, there is scant... (Review)
Review
Diabetes is a common condition that is increasing in incidence worldwide. Although the skin manifestations of this condition are well described, there is scant literature on the associated nail changes. In this review, we describe the various clinical features of nail changes associated with diabetes, which can be broadly divided into infections, vascular changes, neuropathic manifestations and miscellaneous changes, although there is overlap between them. There is no pathognomonic nail alteration, but it is important for clinicians to be aware of the potential nail manifestations in diabetes as they can facilitate investigations and thereby early diagnosis of diabetes, resulting in holistic management of the patient.
Topics: Diabetes Complications; Humans; Nail Diseases
PubMed: 34293827
DOI: 10.1111/ced.14859 -
Urology Jan 2019Diabetic bladder dysfunction affects almost half of all diabetic patients, making it one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus. The clinical presentation... (Review)
Review
Diabetic bladder dysfunction affects almost half of all diabetic patients, making it one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus. The clinical presentation of diabetic bladder dysfunction can be varied and may be extremely bothersome to patients, negatively impacting their quality of life. Despite this, it remains understudied and under-represented in the medical literature. This review summarizes the current literature on pathophysiology, clinical presentation, urodynamic findings, evaluation, and management. Through this, we hope to provide guidance to clinicians involved with the management of this condition.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Complications; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Urinary Bladder Diseases
PubMed: 30352207
DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2018.10.010 -
Mammalian Genome : Official Journal of... Oct 2014Chronic hyperglycemia and duration of diabetes are the major risk factors associated with development of micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Although it... (Review)
Review
Chronic hyperglycemia and duration of diabetes are the major risk factors associated with development of micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Although it is believed that hyperglycemia induces damage to the particular cell subtypes, e.g., mesangial cells in the renal glomerulus, capillary endothelial cells in the retina, and neurons and Schwann cells in peripheral nerves, the exact mechanisms underlying these damaging defects are not yet well understood. Clustering of micro- and macrovascular complications in families of patients with diabetes suggests a strong genetic susceptibility. However, until now only a handful number of genetic variants were reported to be associated with either nephropathy (ACE, ELMO1, FRMD3, and AKR1B1) or retinopathy (VEGF, AKR1B1, and EPO), and only a few studies were carried out for genetic susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases (ADIPOQ, GLUL) in patients with diabetes. It is, therefore, obvious that the accumulation of more data from larger studies and better phenotypically characterized cohorts is needed to facilitate genetic discoveries and unravel novel insights into the pathogenesis of diabetic complications.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Complications; Epigenesis, Genetic; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Linkage; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Inheritance Patterns
PubMed: 25169573
DOI: 10.1007/s00335-014-9543-x -
Molecular BioSystems Apr 2016With a global prevalence of 9%, diabetes is the direct cause of millions of deaths each year and is quickly becoming a health crisis. Major long-term complications of... (Review)
Review
With a global prevalence of 9%, diabetes is the direct cause of millions of deaths each year and is quickly becoming a health crisis. Major long-term complications of diabetes arise from persistent oxidative stress and dysfunction in multiple metabolic pathways. The most serious complications involve vascular damage and include cardiovascular disease as well as microvascular disorders such as nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Current clinical analyses like glycated hemoglobin and plasma glucose measurements hold some value as prognostic indicators of the severity of complications, but investigations into the underlying pathophysiology are still lacking. Advancements in biotechnology hold the key to uncovering new pathways and establishing therapeutic targets. Metabolomics, the study of small endogenous molecules, is a powerful toolset for studying pathophysiological processes and has been used to elucidate metabolic signatures of diabetes in various biological systems. Current challenges in the field involve correlating these biomarkers to specific complications to provide a better prediction of future risk and disease progression. This review will highlight the progress that has been made in the field of metabolomics including technological advancements, the identification of potential biomarkers, and metabolic pathways relevant to macro- and microvascular diabetic complications.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Diabetes Complications; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 26891794
DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00014b -
Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology... Dec 2019
Review
Topics: Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Germany; Greece; Humans; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Prevalence
PubMed: 31860928
DOI: 10.1055/a-0984-5753 -
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome 2019Adipokines are cytokines produced by adipocytes that may mediate inflammatory processes, whilst adipocyte-derived proteins may have the converse effect. C1q/TNF-related... (Review)
Review
Adipokines are cytokines produced by adipocytes that may mediate inflammatory processes, whilst adipocyte-derived proteins may have the converse effect. C1q/TNF-related protein-3 or CTRP3 is a novel adipokine that is expressed and released by most types of human tissues including adipose tissue. This adipokine, considered as an adiponectin, can normalize blood glucose by several mechanisms. In addition, it can modulate the expression/secretion of other cytokine and adipokines leading to lower insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. Beneficial effects of CTRP3 against hyperglycemia-induced complications in the kidney and eye have been reported. In this review, we have presented the latest findings on the in vitro and in vivo hypoglycemic effects of CTRP3, followed by the findings on the preventive/therapeutic effects of CTRP3 adipokines against diabetes related complications.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Complications; Homeostasis; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Insulin Resistance; Tumor Necrosis Factors
PubMed: 31235116
DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.04.047 -
MMW Fortschritte Der Medizin Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Complications
PubMed: 37919567
DOI: 10.1007/s15006-023-3101-y -
Acta Medica Portuguesa 2015Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by sustained hyperglycemia leading to macro and microvascular complications. The eye is one of the main... (Review)
Review
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by sustained hyperglycemia leading to macro and microvascular complications. The eye is one of the main organs affected by this disease, being diabetic retinopathy the most well-known microvascular complication and the leading cause of blindness in the working age population. However, diabetic ocular disease is not only characterized by diabetic retinopathy. Other important ocular manifestations of diabetes mellitus include cataract, glaucoma, ischemic optic neuropathy, cranial nerve palsies and recurrent corneal erosion syndrome. Here, we emphasize diabetic retinopathy as the most important and characteristic complication of diabetes mellitus, but also review less well-known complications with the aim to alert and sensitize non-ophthalmologist clinicians that treat diabetic individuals, in order to promote an early diagnosis and treatment of the sight-threatening complications of diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Complications; Diabetic Retinopathy; Eye Diseases; Humans
PubMed: 25817504
DOI: No ID Found -
Pharmacological Research Sep 2016The first studies of histamine and diabetes date back to the 1950s. Since that time the involvement of histamine in diabetes was related to its well known vasoactive... (Review)
Review
The first studies of histamine and diabetes date back to the 1950s. Since that time the involvement of histamine in diabetes was related to its well known vasoactive properties and permeability leakage effects. In particular, the first evidence for a correlation between histamine and diabetes arose in 1989 when an increase in plasma and leucocyte histamine content was observed. Limited independent evidence followed in the subsequent two decades, focusing on both histamine glyceamic control and macro- and microvascular complications of diabetes. However, recent observations have sparked the question whether it is time to reconsider the functional contribution of histamine in diabetes. We reveal an interesting upsurge in the field which provides scope for new insights into the role of histamine in diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Histamine; Histamine Antagonists; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Receptors, Histamine; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 27343700
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.06.021 -
Current Diabetes Reports Dec 2019Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in people with diabetes. Our aim was to review the pathophysiology of CVD in diabetes, review related... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in people with diabetes. Our aim was to review the pathophysiology of CVD in diabetes, review related landmark trials, and discuss the cardiovascular benefit of glucose-lowering agents. We have also discussed the role of controversial anti-platelet therapy.
RECENT FINDINGS
Recent studies have shown the impact of glucose-lowering agents on CVD in people with diabetes. Statins are now recommended for all patients with diabetes over the age of 40 regardless of the LDL level given the cardiovascular benefit of these drugs. Current recommendations suggest a blood pressure < 130/80 for individuals with high cardiovascular risk. Cardiovascular risk reduction should be an important part of the management of diabetes. Focusing solely on glycemic control may not be the best therapeutic strategy. Multifactorial risk reduction should be taken into account. Lipid-lowering agents and anti-hypertensives should be a corner stone of treatment of diabetes. With currently available data, glucose-lowering agents with cardiovascular benefit should be started early in the disease process.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hypertension; Hypolipidemic Agents; Risk Factors
PubMed: 31828525
DOI: 10.1007/s11892-019-1239-x