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Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology... Dec 2016
Topics: Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Hypertension
PubMed: 27280477
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1582341 -
Endocrine Development 2016Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. DN is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease, and it markedly enhances... (Review)
Review
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. DN is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease, and it markedly enhances the risk of cardiovascular events. An elevated urinary albumin excretion rate, increased blood pressure (BP), and a continual loss of renal function are characteristics of DN. Screening for microalbuminuria is central to diabetes care, and antihypertensive agents are used for the primary prevention and treatment of DN. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers play central roles and have protective properties beyond their BP-lowering effects. BP control in relation to DN is the main focus of this review, but tight control of the glucose level is equally important. There is an unmet need for new treatment options, and while a few promising candidates exist, their roles in clinical practice have not yet been determined.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Hypertension, Renal
PubMed: 26824664
DOI: 10.1159/000439393 -
Journal of Diabetes Research 2017
Topics: Albuminuria; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans
PubMed: 29201920
DOI: 10.1155/2017/2379432 -
Clinical and Experimental Nephrology Jul 2020Proteinuria has been considered to be the hallmark of diabetic kidney disease and to precede renal function loss. However, it has become clear that a substantial... (Review)
Review
Proteinuria has been considered to be the hallmark of diabetic kidney disease and to precede renal function loss. However, it has become clear that a substantial proportion of patients either with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes have renal function loss without proteinuria, known as nonproteinuric diabetic kidney disease. Despite increasing recognition of the prevalence of nonproteinuric diabetic kidney disease, data on this phenotype of diabetic kidney disease is sparse. This review describes ever known clinical and pathological manifestations, renal prognosis, and mortality in patient with nonproteinuric diabetic kidney disease.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Diabetic Nephropathies; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Lipids; Phenotype; Prognosis; Progression-Free Survival; Proteinuria
PubMed: 32236782
DOI: 10.1007/s10157-020-01881-0 -
Journal of Cellular Physiology May 2019The inflammatory response has an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy that is contributed to by inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1... (Review)
Review
The inflammatory response has an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy that is contributed to by inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-α, and macrophage chemotactic protein-1; however, the role of IL-18 seems to be more specific than other cytokines in the inflammatory process. IL-18 is expressed in renal tissue and is upregulated by several stimuli including hyperglycemia. The expression/urinary level of IL-18 is positively correlated with the progression of diabetic nephropathy and the urinary albumin excretion rate. In this review, we have focused on the molecular pathways modulating the relationship between IL-18 and diabetic nephropathy.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Blood Glucose; Diabetic Nephropathies; Disease Progression; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-18; Kidney; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 30417374
DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27427 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans
PubMed: 36120444
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1011665 -
Journal of Diabetes Research 2016
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Diabetic Nephropathies; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fibrosis; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Hemodynamics; Humans; Inflammation; Mice; Proteinuria; Systems Biology
PubMed: 26881250
DOI: 10.1155/2016/5241549 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Scholar... May 2022Chronic kidney disease is generally progressive and currently has no reliable treatment to reverse a decline in kidney function or to slow the progression of the... (Review)
Review
Chronic kidney disease is generally progressive and currently has no reliable treatment to reverse a decline in kidney function or to slow the progression of the disease. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the leading causes of end-stage kidney failure. Kidney damage in diabetic nephropathy is largely attributed to the increased oxidative stress, affecting its metabolic activity, metabolic pathways, and hemodynamic pathways. In diabetic patients, hyperglycemia causes an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species that further increase oxidative stress. These reactive oxygen species are created through a variety of pathways, providing the opportunity for treatment using anti-oxidative defense mechanisms to prevent vascular injury. This review will give an overview of oxidative stress, along with the current treatments and limitations of diabetic nephropathy. We will also discuss the potential of antioxidative therapies, with an emphasis on the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway.
Topics: Antioxidants; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Kidney; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 35730439
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbs1402014 -
Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology... Dec 2016
Topics: Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Hypertension
PubMed: 27326696
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-107930 -
Chemistry & Biodiversity Oct 2022Diabetes is linked with various microvascular and macrovascular complications. Nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy are important microvascular complications of... (Review)
Review
Diabetes is linked with various microvascular and macrovascular complications. Nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy are important microvascular complications of diabetes. Different types of secondary metabolites including glycosides have been studied for their effects in diabetic complications. Various glycosides such as flavanoid glycosides and saponin glycosides are reported for their beneficial effects in diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy and cardiomyopathy by action on various pathways involved in the progression of these complications. Coumarin glycosides and cryanogenic glycosides have been studied for their effective role in diabetic nephropathy. Phenolic glycosides and anthraquinone glycosides also have beneficial role in diabetic neuropathy. The present review focuses on various classes of glycosides and their role in the prevention and treatment of vascular complications of diabetes.
Topics: Humans; Diabetic Nephropathies; Glycosides; Diabetes Complications; Cardiovascular Diseases; Retinal Diseases; Coumarins; Anthraquinones; Saponins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
PubMed: 36181446
DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200067