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Frontiers in Endocrinology 2021While the prevalence of cardio-metabolic diseases (CMDs) has become a worldwide epidemic, much attention is paid to managing CMDs effectively. A ketogenic diet (KD)... (Review)
Review
While the prevalence of cardio-metabolic diseases (CMDs) has become a worldwide epidemic, much attention is paid to managing CMDs effectively. A ketogenic diet (KD) constitutes a high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet with appropriate protein content and calories. KD has drawn the interests of clinicians and scientists regarding its application in the management of metabolic diseases and related disorders; thus, the current review aimed to examine the evidences surrounding KD and the CMDs to draw the clinical implications. Overall, KD appears to play a significant role in the therapy of various CMDs, which is manifested by the effects of KDs on cardio-metabolic outcomes. KD therapy is generally promising in obesity, heart failure, and hypertension, though different voices still exist. In diabetes and dyslipidemia, the performance of KD remains controversial. As for cardiovascular complications of metabolic diseases, current evidence suggests that KD is generally protective to obese related cardiovascular disease (CVD), while remaining contradictory to diabetes and other metabolic disorder related CVDs. Various factors might account for the controversies, including genetic background, duration of therapy, food composition, quality, and sources of KDs. Therefore, it's crucial to perform more rigorous researches to focus on clinical safety and appropriate treatment duration and plan of KDs.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Diet, Ketogenic; Humans; Metabolic Diseases
PubMed: 34795641
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.753039 -
Current Opinion in Cardiology Jul 2018The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasing to epidemic proportions and current management centred on treatment with drugs is not enough to stop this... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasing to epidemic proportions and current management centred on treatment with drugs is not enough to stop this pandemic. CVD prevention is of paramount importance. In this context, diet and behavioural intervention programs are the first step and have the advantage of lesser cost and side effects than pharmacological approaches. In this review, we will examine the most recent evidence related to dietary prevention of CVD risk.
RECENT FINDINGS
Healthy dietary patterns such as the dietary approaches to stop hypertension, the vegetarian, the low-fat high carbohydrates and mainly the Mediterranean diet have substantial evidence to be recommended for CVD prevention.
SUMMARY
The evidence in this area needs to be adequately communicated to health professionals and the general public. Diet is the cornerstone of CVD prevention as well as overall health promotion.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diet Therapy; Diet, Mediterranean; Diet, Vegetarian; Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk
PubMed: 29697543
DOI: 10.1097/HCO.0000000000000523 -
Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology Feb 2018Traditional Chinese Food Therapy has long been an integral part of dietary practices in Sinosphere Asia. This therapy is defined by the classification of foods into... (Review)
Review
Traditional Chinese Food Therapy has long been an integral part of dietary practices in Sinosphere Asia. This therapy is defined by the classification of foods into cooling (Yin) and heaty (Yang) and the manipulation of dietary intake of these foods as a therapeutic strategy for chronic diseases. Both functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are chronic, functional gut disorders widely prevalent in Sinosphere Asia. Diet is increasingly recognized as a symptom trigger in FD and IBS, and the evidence suggesting the utility of diet therapies as front-line management is growing, particularly in the West. Specifically, a diet low in Fermentable, Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols is an efficacious therapy for patients with IBS. In contrast, a proportion of patients with IBS in Sinosphere Asia utilize Chinese Food Therapy for symptom management. Chinese Food Therapy provides an attractive target for integration with evidence-based Western dietary therapies as a management strategy in FD and IBS. However, significant gaps in research exist with the utility of Chinese Food Therapy that first need to be addressed. This includes a lack of standardization for heaty and cooling classification, limited mechanistic rationale or clinical studies supporting its efficacy in FD and IBS, and the lack of an ideal practitioner for implementation of Chinese Food Therapy. Hence, the review provides a summary of the role of diet and nutrition in Sinosphere Asia with an emphasis on FD and IBS, and an examination of how modern dietary practices may be able to be integrated into practices in this region.
Topics: Asia; Diet; Diet Therapy; Dyspepsia; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Medicine, Chinese Traditional
PubMed: 28961572
DOI: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000932 -
Clinical Obesity Apr 2021Poor adherence is a barrier to successful weight control. Intermittent energy restriction (IER) provides an alternative approach to those for whom daily energy... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Poor adherence is a barrier to successful weight control. Intermittent energy restriction (IER) provides an alternative approach to those for whom daily energy restriction is not ideal. This study assessed changes in weight, body composition, and macronutrient intake for an IER and a continuous energy restriction (CONT) approach within a multicomponent weight management intervention. We randomized 35 adults with overweight/obesity (BMI = 31.2 ± 2.4 kg/m ) to CONT or IER for 24 weeks (12-week weight loss intervention and 12 weeks of weight loss maintenance). Diets were delivered within a multimodal weight management program including weekly group meetings with a registered dietitian, increased physical activity, and a comprehensive lifestyle change program. Retention and adherence were similar for CONT and IER. Weight, BMI, fat mass, percentage body fat, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure, and heart rate all decreased after 24 weeks (all, P < .01), but there were no main effects of group (all, P > .27). Weight loss was clinically relevant in both CONT (11.38 ± 7.9%) and IER (9.37 ± 9.7%), and the proportion of each group achieving 5% weight loss was 82 and 61% (P = .16), respectively. Participant satisfaction was high in both groups. The results from this study (a) support the feasibility of IER as an alternative for weight loss and weight loss maintenance, (b) indicate that IER is an effective alternative to CONT for weight control and improvements in body composition, and (c) emphasize the importance of intensive lifestyle interventions with ongoing support for effective behaviour modification.
Topics: Body Composition; Caloric Restriction; Diet, Reducing; Humans; Overweight; Pilot Projects; Weight Loss
PubMed: 33305526
DOI: 10.1111/cob.12430 -
Nutrients Mar 2019For decades, gluten-free dieting (GFD) has been accepted as the only therapeutic approach to coeliac disease (CD) and, more recently, for non-coeliac gluten sensitivity...
For decades, gluten-free dieting (GFD) has been accepted as the only therapeutic approach to coeliac disease (CD) and, more recently, for non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), a term to refer to the so-called gluten-related disorders (GRD) [...].
Topics: Celiac Disease; Diet, Gluten-Free; Humans
PubMed: 30862034
DOI: 10.3390/nu11030589 -
JAMA Jan 2020
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Ketogenic; Diet, Reducing; Humans; Prediabetic State
PubMed: 31990316
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.18408 -
Cutis Aug 2019Because psoriasis is a chronic and inflammatory disease, many patients seek alternative therapies and lifestyle modifications to supplement their treatments and help... (Review)
Review
Because psoriasis is a chronic and inflammatory disease, many patients seek alternative therapies and lifestyle modifications to supplement their treatments and help relieve symptoms. Both the disease and the modifications are multifactorial, making it difficult to quantify the effectiveness of a single change. A review of the available literature reveals that most diets have mixed impacts on psoriasis, though some individual foods have seen more prominence in studies. Foods and supplements with systemic anti-inflammatory effects seem to have a higher chance of improving psoriasis symptoms. Overall, additional large-population studies with a higher statistical power are needed to review these studies. We suggest web-based national cohort surveys as a possible method to quickly gather a large amount of data for future studies.
Topics: Diet; Diet, Gluten-Free; Diet, Mediterranean; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Psoriasis
PubMed: 31634384
DOI: No ID Found -
EBioMedicine Mar 2017The nascent field of 'Nutritional Psychiatry' offers much promise for addressing the large disease burden associated with mental disorders. A consistent evidence base... (Review)
Review
The nascent field of 'Nutritional Psychiatry' offers much promise for addressing the large disease burden associated with mental disorders. A consistent evidence base from the observational literature confirms that the quality of individuals' diets is related to their risk for common mental disorders, such as depression. This is the case across countries and age groups. Moreover, new intervention studies implementing dietary changes suggest promise for the prevention and treatment of depression. Concurrently, data point to the utility of selected nutraceuticals as adjunctive treatments for mental disorders and as monotherapies for conditions such as ADHD. Finally, new studies focused on understanding the biological pathways that mediate the observed relationships between diet, nutrition and mental health are pointing to the immune system, oxidative biology, brain plasticity and the microbiome-gut-brain axis as key targets for nutritional interventions. On the other hand, the field is currently limited by a lack of data and methodological issues such as heterogeneity, residual confounding, measurement error, and challenges in measuring and ensuring dietary adherence in intervention studies. Key challenges for the field are to now: replicate, refine and scale up promising clinical and population level dietary strategies; identify a clear set of biological pathways and targets that mediate the identified associations; conduct scientifically rigorous nutraceutical and 'psychobiotic' interventions that also examine predictors of treatment response; conduct observational and experimental studies in psychosis focused on dietary and related risk factors and treatments; and continue to advocate for policy change to improve the food environment at the population level.
Topics: Animals; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Depression; Diet; Diet Therapy; Dietary Supplements; Humans
PubMed: 28242200
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.02.020 -
MMW Fortschritte Der Medizin Sep 2018
Review
Topics: Avena; Celiac Disease; Diet, Gluten-Free; Glutens; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa
PubMed: 30259444
DOI: 10.1007/s15006-018-0928-8 -
Revue Neurologique Mar 2016The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low-protein, low-carbohydrate diet that has been employed as a non-pharmacologic therapy for refractory epilepsy. Several multicenter... (Review)
Review
The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low-protein, low-carbohydrate diet that has been employed as a non-pharmacologic therapy for refractory epilepsy. Several multicenter and two randomized studies have demonstrated the efficacy of the ketogenic diet and the modified Atkins diet for children and adolescent with pharmacoresitant epilepsy. In order to facilitate patient tolerability and palatability, the diet protocols are gradually modified including changes in ratios of the fat versus non-fat components and the initiation of the diet with or without fasting. The modified Atkins diet is now used as an alternative diet. A randomized trial establishing the efficacy of the modified Atkins diet is now available. More recently, the low glycemic index diet seems to be used successfully for pharmacoresistant epilepsy but there are currently only open studies. Looking at the clinical efficacy of dietary treatments, the studies usually report a greater than 50% reduction in seizure frequency in about half of patients at 3 months under diet. Most of the patients who are responders to the ketogenic diet exhibited a decrease in seizure frequency within two months of treatment onset. Efficacy of the ketogenic diet has also been reported for teenager and adult patients. Dietary treatment of epilepsy should not be considered as a last chance treatment. It can be used during the investigation for epilepsy surgery even in case of structural abnormalities. In some epilepsy syndromes such as infantile spasms, myoclonic-astatic epilepsy and refractory status epilepticus, an early use seems helpful. The exact underlying mechanisms are unknown and remain a topic of active research.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Diet, Ketogenic; Epilepsy; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Pediatrics; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 26993568
DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2015.12.009