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Scientific Reports May 2024This study was conducted to verify the essentiality of dietary cholesterol for early juvenile slipper lobster, Thenus australiensis (initial weight 4.50 ± 0.72 g,...
This study was conducted to verify the essentiality of dietary cholesterol for early juvenile slipper lobster, Thenus australiensis (initial weight 4.50 ± 0.72 g, mean ± SD, CV = 0.16), and to explore the potential for interactions between dietary cholesterol and phospholipid. An 8-week experiment was conducted using six experimental feeds containing three supplemental cholesterol concentrations (0, 0.2 and 0.4% dry matter) at two supplemental phospholipid concentrations (0% and 1.0% dry matter). Dietary cholesterol concentrations of ≥ 0.2% resulted in up to threefold greater weight gain compared to 0% dietary cholesterol, but without any significant main or interactive dietary phospholipid effect. An interaction was observed for lobster survival with lowest survival (46%) recorded for combined 0% cholesterol and 0% phospholipid compared to every other treatment (71-100%). However, all surviving lobsters at 0% dietary cholesterol, regardless of dietary phospholipid level, were in poor nutritional condition. Apparent feed intake (AFI) was significantly higher at dietary cholesterol ≥ 0.2% but was lower for each corresponding dietary cholesterol level at 1% dietary phospholipid. This implied that the feed conversion ratio was improved with supplemental phospholipid. In conclusion, this study confirms the essential nature of dietary cholesterol and that dietary phospholipid can provide additional benefits.
Topics: Animals; Phospholipids; Cholesterol, Dietary; Palinuridae; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 38710742
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60367-1 -
Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism:... Aug 2016Skeletal muscle mitochondria are highly dynamic and are capable of tremendous expansion to meet cellular energetic demands. Such proliferation in mitochondrial mass... (Review)
Review
Skeletal muscle mitochondria are highly dynamic and are capable of tremendous expansion to meet cellular energetic demands. Such proliferation in mitochondrial mass requires a synchronized supply of enzymes and structural phospholipids. While transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial enzymes has been extensively studied, there is limited information on how mitochondrial membrane lipids are generated in skeletal muscle. Herein we describe how each class of phospholipids that constitute mitochondrial membranes are synthesized and/or imported, and summarize genetic evidence indicating that membrane phospholipid composition represents a significant modulator of skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory function. We also discuss how skeletal muscle mitochondrial phospholipids may mediate the effect of diet and exercise on oxidative metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Membrane Lipids; Mitochondria, Muscle; Mitochondrial Membranes; Muscle, Skeletal; Phospholipids
PubMed: 27370525
DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.05.007 -
Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE Nov 2020Assessing lipid metabolism is a cornerstone of evaluating metabolic function, and it is considered essential for in vivo metabolism studies. Lipids are a class of many...
Assessing lipid metabolism is a cornerstone of evaluating metabolic function, and it is considered essential for in vivo metabolism studies. Lipids are a class of many different molecules with many pathways involved in their synthesis and metabolism. A starting point for evaluating lipid hemostasis for nutrition and obesity research is needed. This paper describes three easy and accessible methods that require little expertise or practice to master, and that can be adapted by most labs to screen for lipid-metabolism abnormalities in mice. These methods are (1) measuring several fasting serum lipid molecules using commercial kits (2) assaying for dietary lipid-handling capability through an oral intralipid tolerance test, and (3) evaluating the response to a pharmaceutical compound, CL 316,243, in mice. Together, these methods will provide a high-level overview of lipid handling capability in mice.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists; Animals; Biological Assay; Diet, High-Fat; Dioxoles; Emulsions; Fasting; Lipid Metabolism; Lipolysis; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Phospholipids; Soybean Oil; Triglycerides
PubMed: 33311436
DOI: 10.3791/61927 -
The Journal of Nutrition Mar 2021Diet-induced disordered phospholipid metabolism and disturbed macrophage metabolism contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. However, the effects of oleate,...
BACKGROUND
Diet-induced disordered phospholipid metabolism and disturbed macrophage metabolism contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. However, the effects of oleate, a main dietary fatty acid, on macrophage phospholipid metabolism are unclear.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to discover oleate-induced disorders of macrophage phospholipid metabolism and potential therapeutic targets for treating diet-related metabolic diseases.
METHODS
RAW 264.7 cells were exposed to 65 μg oleate/mL, within the blood concentration range of humans and mice, to trigger disorders of phospholipid metabolism. Meanwhile, WY-14643 and pioglitazone, 2 drugs widely used for treating metabolic diseases, were employed to prevent oleate-induced disorders of macrophage phospholipid metabolism. Subsequently, an untargeted metabolomics approach based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to discover relevant metabolic disorders and potential therapeutic targets.
RESULTS
We showed that 196 metabolites involved in phospholipid metabolism were altered upon oleate treatment and interventions of WY-14643 and pioglitazone (P < 0.05, 2-tailed Mann-Whitney U test). Notably, most lysophospholipids were decreased, whereas most phospholipids were increased in oleate-treated macrophages. Phosphatidylethanolamines accumulated most among phospholipids, and their acyl chain polyunsaturation increased in oleate-treated macrophages. Additionally, saturated fatty acids were decreased, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids were increased in oleate-treated macrophages. Furthermore, changes in phosphatidylglycerols, phosphatidylinositols, cardiolipins, phosphatidates, lysophosphatidylglycerols, and acylcarnitines in oleate-treated macrophages could be attenuated or even abolished by WY-14643 and/or pioglitazone treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
Oleate induced accumulation of various phospholipids, increased acyl chain polyunsaturation of phosphatidylethanolamines, and decreased lysophospholipids in RAW 264.7 macrophages. This study suggests macrophage phospholipid and fatty acid metabolism as potential therapeutic targets for intervening diet-related metabolic diseases.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Liquid; Lipid Metabolism; Macrophages; Mass Spectrometry; Metabolic Diseases; Metabolomics; Mice; Models, Animal; Oleic Acid; Phospholipids; Pioglitazone; Pyrimidines; RAW 264.7 Cells
PubMed: 33571370
DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa411 -
Cells Dec 2020Lipids are important molecules for human health. The quantity and quality of fats consumed in the diet have important effects on the modulation of both the natural... (Review)
Review
Lipids are important molecules for human health. The quantity and quality of fats consumed in the diet have important effects on the modulation of both the natural biosynthesis and degradation of lipids. There is an important number of lipid-failed associated metabolic diseases and an increasing number of studies suggesting that certain types of lipids might be beneficial to the treatment of many metabolic diseases. The aim of the present work is to expose an overview of biosynthesis, storage, and degradation of lipids in mammalian cells, as well as, to review the published data describing the beneficial effects of these processes and the potential of some dietary lipids to improve metabolic diseases.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Biomarkers; Cholesterol; Diet; Dietary Fats; Eicosanoids; GTP Phosphohydrolases; Homeostasis; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Metabolic Diseases; Mitochondrial Proteins; Phospholipids; Sterols; Triglycerides
PubMed: 33291746
DOI: 10.3390/cells9122605 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2023Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia in the elderly. Although impaired cognition and memory are the most prominent features of AD,...
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia in the elderly. Although impaired cognition and memory are the most prominent features of AD, abnormalities in visual functions often precede them, and are increasingly being used as diagnostic and prognostic markers for the disease. Retina contains the highest concentration of the essential fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the body, and its deficiency is associated with several retinal diseases including diabetic retinopathy and age related macular degeneration. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that enriching retinal DHA through a novel dietary approach could ameliorate symptoms of retinopathy in 5XFAD mice, a widely employed model of AD. The results show that 5XFAD mice have significantly lower retinal DHA compared to their wild type littermates, and feeding the lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) form of DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) rapidly normalizes the DHA levels, and increases retinal EPA by several-fold. On the other hand, feeding similar amounts of DHA and EPA in the form of triacylglycerol had only modest effects on retinal DHA and EPA. Electroretinography measurements after 2 months of feeding the experimental diets showed a significant improvement in a-wave and b-wave functions by the LPC-diet, whereas the TAG-diet had only a modest benefit. Retinal amyloid β levels were decreased by about 50% by the LPC-DHA/EPA diet, and by about 17% with the TAG-DHA/EPA diet. These results show that enriching retinal DHA and EPA through dietary LPC could potentially improve visual abnormalities associated with AD.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Lysophosphatidylcholines; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Retina; Retinal Diseases; Diet
PubMed: 37280266
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36268-0 -
Nature Communications May 2023Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PC-TP; synonym StarD2) is a soluble lipid-binding protein that transports phosphatidylcholine (PC) between cellular membranes. To...
Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PC-TP; synonym StarD2) is a soluble lipid-binding protein that transports phosphatidylcholine (PC) between cellular membranes. To better understand the protective metabolic effects associated with hepatic PC-TP, we generated a hepatocyte-specific PC-TP knockdown (L-Pctp) in male mice, which gains less weight and accumulates less liver fat compared to wild-type mice when challenged with a high-fat diet. Hepatic deletion of PC-TP also reduced adipose tissue mass and decreases levels of triglycerides and phospholipids in skeletal muscle, liver and plasma. Gene expression analysis suggest that the observed metabolic changes are related to transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferative activating receptor (PPAR) family members. An in-cell protein complementation screen between lipid transfer proteins and PPARs uncovered a direct interaction between PC-TP and PPARδ that was not observed for other PPARs. We confirmed the PC-TP- PPARδ interaction in Huh7 hepatocytes, where it was found to repress PPARδ-mediated transactivation. Mutations of PC-TP residues implicated in PC binding and transfer reduce the PC-TP-PPARδ interaction and relieve PC-TP-mediated PPARδ repression. Reduction of exogenously supplied methionine and choline reduces the interaction while serum starvation enhances the interaction in cultured hepatocytes. Together our data points to a ligand sensitive PC-TP- PPARδ interaction that suppresses PPAR activity.
Topics: Male; Animals; Mice; PPAR delta; Phosphatidylcholines; Ligands; Fatty Liver; Liver; Diet
PubMed: 37173315
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38010-w -
Food & Function Jun 2024Phospholipids are the essential components of human milk, contributing to the enhancement of cognitive development, regulation of immune functions, and mitigation of... (Review)
Review
Phospholipids are the essential components of human milk, contributing to the enhancement of cognitive development, regulation of immune functions, and mitigation of elevated cholesterol levels. Infant formulas supplemented with phospholipids can change the composition, content, and globule membrane structure of milk lipids, improving their digestive properties and nutritional value. However, mimicking phospholipids in infant formulas is currently limited, and the supplemented standards of phospholipid species and amounts in infant formulas are unknown. Consequently, there is a significant difference between the phospholipids in infant formulas and those in human milk. This article reviews the recent progress in human milk phospholipid research, aiming to describe the composition, content, and positive effects of human milk phospholipids, as well as summarises the dietary sources of phospholipid supplementation and the current state of human milk phospholipid mimicking in infant formulas. This review provides clear directions for research on mimicking human milk phospholipids and evaluating the nutritional functions of phospholipids in infants.
Topics: Humans; Milk, Human; Phospholipids; Infant Formula; Infant; Nutritive Value; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 38787648
DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00539b -
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research Feb 2022Increasing scientific evidence is validating the use of dietary strategies to support and improve brain health throughout the lifespan, with tailored nutritional...
SCOPE
Increasing scientific evidence is validating the use of dietary strategies to support and improve brain health throughout the lifespan, with tailored nutritional interventions catering for specific life stages. Dietary phospholipid supplementations in early life and adulthood are shown to alleviate some of the behavioral consequences associated with chronic stress. This study aims to explore the protective effects of a tailored phospholipid-enriched buttermilk on behavioral and endocrine responses induced by chronic psychosocial stress in adulthood, and to compare these effects according to the life stage at which the supplementation is started.
METHODS AND RESULTS
A novel developed phospholipid-enriched dairy product is assessed for its effects on social, anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, as well as the stress response and cognitive performance following chronic psychosocial stress in C57BL/6J mice, with supplementation beginning in adulthood or early life. Milk phospholipid supplementation from birth protects adult mice against chronic stress-induced changes in endocrine response to a subsequent acute stressor and reduces innate anxiety-like behavior in non-stressed animals. When starting in adulthood, the dietary intervention reverses the anxiety-like phenotype caused by chronic stress exposure.
CONCLUSION
Dairy-derived phospholipids exert differential protective effects against chronic psychosocial stress depending on the targeted life stage and duration of the dietary supplementation.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Longevity; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Milk; Phospholipids; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 34851032
DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100665 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2019During the last years, phospholipids (PLs) have attracted great attention because of their crucial roles in providing nutritional values, technological and medical... (Review)
Review
During the last years, phospholipids (PLs) have attracted great attention because of their crucial roles in providing nutritional values, technological and medical applications. There are considerable proofs that PLs have unique nutritional benefits on human health, such as reducing cholesterol absorption, improving liver functions, and decreasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. PLs are the main structural lipid components of cell and organelle membranes in all living organisms, and therefore, they occur in all organisms and the derived food products. PLs are distinguished by the presence of a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail, consequently they possess amphiphilic features. Due to their unique characteristics, the extraction, separation, and identification of PLs are critical issues to be concerned. This review is focused on the content of PLs classes in several sources (including milk, vegetable oils, egg yolk, and mitochondria). As well, it highlights PLs biosynthesis, and the methodologies applied for PLs extraction and separation, such as solvent extraction and solid-phase extraction. In addition, the determination and quantification of PLs classes by using thin layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography; Dairy Products; Diet; Egg Yolk; Health Promotion; Humans; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Milk; Mitochondria; Nutritive Value; Phospholipids; Plant Oils; Surface-Active Agents
PubMed: 28820277
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1363714