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Molecular Nutrition & Food Research Feb 2022Increasing scientific evidence is validating the use of dietary strategies to support and improve brain health throughout the lifespan, with tailored nutritional...
SCOPE
Increasing scientific evidence is validating the use of dietary strategies to support and improve brain health throughout the lifespan, with tailored nutritional interventions catering for specific life stages. Dietary phospholipid supplementations in early life and adulthood are shown to alleviate some of the behavioral consequences associated with chronic stress. This study aims to explore the protective effects of a tailored phospholipid-enriched buttermilk on behavioral and endocrine responses induced by chronic psychosocial stress in adulthood, and to compare these effects according to the life stage at which the supplementation is started.
METHODS AND RESULTS
A novel developed phospholipid-enriched dairy product is assessed for its effects on social, anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, as well as the stress response and cognitive performance following chronic psychosocial stress in C57BL/6J mice, with supplementation beginning in adulthood or early life. Milk phospholipid supplementation from birth protects adult mice against chronic stress-induced changes in endocrine response to a subsequent acute stressor and reduces innate anxiety-like behavior in non-stressed animals. When starting in adulthood, the dietary intervention reverses the anxiety-like phenotype caused by chronic stress exposure.
CONCLUSION
Dairy-derived phospholipids exert differential protective effects against chronic psychosocial stress depending on the targeted life stage and duration of the dietary supplementation.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Longevity; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Milk; Phospholipids; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 34851032
DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100665 -
The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry Feb 2023Squalene is a key minor component of virgin olive oil, the main source of fat in the Mediterranean diet, and had shown to improve the liver metabolism in rabbits and...
Dietary squalene supplementation decreases triglyceride species and modifies phospholipid lipidomic profile in the liver of a porcine model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Squalene is a key minor component of virgin olive oil, the main source of fat in the Mediterranean diet, and had shown to improve the liver metabolism in rabbits and mice. The present research was carried out to find out whether this effect was conserved in a porcine model of hepatic steatohepatitis and to search for the lipidomic changes involved. The current study revealed that a 0.5% squalene supplementation to a steatotic diet for a month led to hepatic accumulation of squalene and decreased triglyceride content as well as area of hepatic lipid droplets without influencing cholesterol content or fiber areas. However, ballooning score was increased and associated with the hepatic squalene content. Of forty hepatic transcripts related to lipid metabolism and hepatic steatosis, only citrate synthase and a non-coding RNA showed decreased expressions. The hepatic lipidome, assessed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in a platform able to analyze 467 lipids, revealed that squalene supplementation increased ceramide, Cer(36:2), and phosphatidylcholine (PC[32:0], PC[33:0] and PC[34:0]) species and decreased cardiolipin, CL(69:5), and triglyceride (TG[54:2], TG[55:0] and TG[55:2]) species. Plasma levels of interleukin 12p40 increased in pigs receiving the squalene diet. The latter also modified plasma lipidome by increasing TG(58:12) and decreasing non-esterified fatty acid (FA 14:0, FA 16:1 and FA 18:0) species without changes in total NEFA levels. Together this shows that squalene-induced changes in hepatic and plasma lipidomic profiles, non-coding RNA and anti-inflammatory interleukin are suggestive of an alleviation of the disease despite the increase in the ballooning score.
Topics: Swine; Mice; Animals; Rabbits; Squalene; Lipidomics; Triglycerides; Phospholipids; Diet, High-Fat; Liver; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Dietary Supplements; RNA, Untranslated
PubMed: 36402249
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109207 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2019During the last years, phospholipids (PLs) have attracted great attention because of their crucial roles in providing nutritional values, technological and medical... (Review)
Review
During the last years, phospholipids (PLs) have attracted great attention because of their crucial roles in providing nutritional values, technological and medical applications. There are considerable proofs that PLs have unique nutritional benefits on human health, such as reducing cholesterol absorption, improving liver functions, and decreasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. PLs are the main structural lipid components of cell and organelle membranes in all living organisms, and therefore, they occur in all organisms and the derived food products. PLs are distinguished by the presence of a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail, consequently they possess amphiphilic features. Due to their unique characteristics, the extraction, separation, and identification of PLs are critical issues to be concerned. This review is focused on the content of PLs classes in several sources (including milk, vegetable oils, egg yolk, and mitochondria). As well, it highlights PLs biosynthesis, and the methodologies applied for PLs extraction and separation, such as solvent extraction and solid-phase extraction. In addition, the determination and quantification of PLs classes by using thin layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography; Dairy Products; Diet; Egg Yolk; Health Promotion; Humans; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Milk; Mitochondria; Nutritive Value; Phospholipids; Plant Oils; Surface-Active Agents
PubMed: 28820277
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1363714 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2023Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the gene-encoding acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). ASMD impacts peripheral...
Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the gene-encoding acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). ASMD impacts peripheral organs in all patients, including the liver and spleen. The infantile and chronic neurovisceral forms of the disease also lead to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration for which there is no effective treatment. Cellular accumulation of sphingomyelin (SM) is a pathological hallmark in all tissues. SM is the only sphingolipid comprised of a phosphocholine group linked to ceramide. Choline is an essential nutrient that must be obtained from the diet and its deficiency promotes fatty liver disease in a process dependent on ASM activity. We thus hypothesized that choline deprivation could reduce SM production and have beneficial effects in ASMD. Using acid sphingomyelinase knock-out (ASMko) mice, which mimic neurovisceral ASMD, we have assessed the safety of a choline-free diet and its effects on liver and brain pathological features such as altered sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid composition, inflammation and neurodegeneration. We found that the choline-free diet was safe in our experimental conditions and reduced activation of macrophages and microglia in the liver and brain, respectively. However, there was no significant impact on sphingolipid levels and neurodegeneration was not prevented, arguing against the potential of this nutritional strategy to assist in the management of neurovisceral ASMD patients.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Niemann-Pick Disease, Type A; Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase; Choline; Niemann-Pick Diseases; Sphingolipids; Sphingomyelins; Diet; Mice, Knockout; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 37298714
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119756 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Jan 2019Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. The role of unresolved inflammation in cancer progression and metastasis is well established.... (Review)
Review
Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. The role of unresolved inflammation in cancer progression and metastasis is well established. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a key proinflammatory mediator in the initiation and progression of cancer. Evidence suggests that PAF is integral to suppression of the immune system and promotion of metastasis and tumor growth by altering local angiogenic and cytokine networks. Interactions between PAF and its receptor may have a role in various digestive, skin, and hormone-dependent cancers. Diet plays a critical role in the prevention of cancer and its treatment. Research indicates that the Mediterranean diet may reduce the incidence of several cancers in which dietary PAF inhibitors have a role. Dietary PAF inhibitors such as polar lipids have demonstrated inhibitory effects against the physiological actions of PAF in cancer and other chronic inflammatory conditions in vitro and in vivo. In addition, experimental models of radiotherapy and chemotherapy demonstrate that inhibition of PAF as adjuvant therapy may lead to more favorable outcomes. Although promising, there is limited evidence on the potential benefits of dietary PAF inhibitors on cancer prevention or treatment. Therefore, further extensive research is required to assess the effects of various dietary factors and PAF inhibitors and to elucidate the mechanisms in prevention of cancer progression and metastasis at a molecular level.
Topics: Diet; Diet, Mediterranean; Disease Progression; Humans; Neoplasms; Platelet Activating Factor
PubMed: 30721934
DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy090 -
Trends in Cell Biology Jul 2015Cellular phospholipids (PLs) differ by the nature of their polar heads as well as by the length and unsaturation level of their fatty acyl chains. We discuss how the... (Review)
Review
Cellular phospholipids (PLs) differ by the nature of their polar heads as well as by the length and unsaturation level of their fatty acyl chains. We discuss how the ratio between saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated PLs impacts on the functions of such organelles as the endoplasmic reticulum, synaptic vesicles, and photoreceptor discs. Recent experiments and simulations suggest that polyunsaturated PLs respond differently to mechanical stress, including membrane bending, than monounsaturated PLs owing to their unique conformational plasticity. These findings suggest a rationale for PL acyl chain remodeling by acyltransferases and a molecular explanation for the importance of a balanced fatty acid diet.
Topics: 1-Acylglycerophosphocholine O-Acyltransferase; Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Dietary Fats; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Eukaryotic Cells; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Humans; Phospholipids; Stress, Mechanical; Synaptic Vesicles
PubMed: 25906908
DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.03.004 -
Nutrients Oct 2022As centenarians provide a paradigm of healthy aging, investigating the comprehensive metabolic profiles of healthy centenarians is of utmost importance for the pursuit...
The Age-Accompanied and Diet-Associated Remodeling of the Phospholipid, Amino Acid, and SCFA Metabolism of Healthy Centenarians from a Chinese Longevous Region: A Window into Exceptional Longevity.
As centenarians provide a paradigm of healthy aging, investigating the comprehensive metabolic profiles of healthy centenarians is of utmost importance for the pursuit of health and longevity. However, relevant reports, especially studies considering the dietary influence on metabolism, are still limited, mostly lacking the guidance of a model of healthy aging. Therefore, exploring the signatures of the integrative metabolic profiles of the healthy centenarians from a famous longevous region, Bama County, China, should be an effective way. The global metabolome in urine and the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the feces of 30 healthy centenarians and 31 elderly people aged 60−70 from the longevous region were analyzed by non-targeted metabolomics combined with metabolic target analysis. The results showed that the characteristic metabolites related to longevity were mostly summarized into phosphatidylserine, lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, bile acids, and amino acids (p < 0.05). Six metabolic pathways were found significant relevant to longevity. Furthermore, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, and total SCFA were significantly increased in the centenarian group (p < 0.05) and were also positively associated with the dietary fiber intake (p < 0.01). It was age-accompanied and diet-associated remodeling of phospholipid, amino acid, and SCFA metabolism that expressed the unique metabolic signatures related to exceptional longevity. This metabolic remodeling is suggestive of cognitive benefits, better antioxidant capacity, the attenuation of local inflammation, and health-span-promoting processes, which play a critical and positive role in shaping healthy aging.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Aged; Humans; Longevity; Propionates; Amino Acids; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Centenarians; Phosphatidylserines; Antioxidants; Diet; China; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Butyric Acid; Dietary Fiber; Acetates; Phosphatidylinositols; Bile Acids and Salts; Phosphatidylcholines
PubMed: 36297104
DOI: 10.3390/nu14204420 -
Journal of Dairy Science Feb 2021Dietary lecithin is a source of choline. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of dietary deoiled soy lecithin feeding on circulating choline, choline metabolites,...
Short communication: Effects of dietary deoiled soy lecithin supplementation on circulating choline and choline metabolites, and the plasma phospholipid profile in Holstein cows fed palm fat.
Dietary lecithin is a source of choline. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of dietary deoiled soy lecithin feeding on circulating choline, choline metabolites, and the plasma phospholipid profile in lactating dairy cows fed fractionated palm fatty acids. In a split-plot Latin square design, 16 Holstein cows (160 ± 7 d in milk; 3.6 ± 1.2 parity) were randomly allocated to a main plot receiving a corn silage and alfalfa haylage-based diet with palm fat containing either moderate or high palmitic acid content at 1.75% of ration dry matter (moderate and high palmitic acid containing 72 or 99% palmitic acid in fat supplement, respectively; n = 8/palm fat diet). Within each palm fat group, deoiled soy lecithin was top-dressed at 0, 0.12, 0.24, or 0.36% of ration dry matter in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 14-d experimental periods. A 14-d covariate period was used to acclimate cows to palm fat feeding without lecithin supplementation. Blood sampling occurred during the final 3 d of each experimental period. Plasma choline and choline metabolites were quantified using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Plasma phospholipids were profiled using time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Whereas no effects of treatments were detected for plasma choline or methionine, lecithin feeding increased the plasma concentrations of choline metabolites trimethylamine N-oxide and dimethylglycine (24 and 11%, respectively). Plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM) concentrations increased with deoiled lecithin feeding (e.g., PC 16:0/22:6 and SM d18:1/18:3). Lecithin supplementation also increased plasma lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) concentrations (e.g., LPC 18:0) while reducing plasma phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) concentrations (e.g., PE 16:0/20:5). Although increases in microbial-derived trimethylamine N-oxide suggest gastrointestinal lecithin degradation, elevations in plasma dimethylglycine, PC, LPC, and SM suggest that choline availability was improved by lecithin feeding in cows, thus supporting enhanced endogenous phospholipid synthesis.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Choline; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Female; Lactation; Lecithins; Medicago sativa; Palmitic Acid; Phospholipids; Pregnancy; Silage; Glycine max; Zea mays
PubMed: 33246625
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18798 -
Neuromolecular Medicine Mar 2021The abundance of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in phospholipids in the brain and retina has generated interest to search for its role in mediating neurological functions.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The abundance of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in phospholipids in the brain and retina has generated interest to search for its role in mediating neurological functions. Besides the source of many oxylipins with pro-resolving properties, DHA also undergoes peroxidation, producing 4-hydroxyhexenal (4-HHE), although its function remains elusive. Despite wide dietary consumption, whether supplementation of DHA may alter the peroxidation products and their relationship to phospholipid species in brain and other body organs have not been explored sufficiently. In this study, adult mice were administered a control or DHA-enriched diet for 3 weeks, and phospholipid species and peroxidation products were examined in brain, heart, and plasma. Results demonstrated that this dietary regimen increased (n-3) and decreased (n-6) species to different extent in all major phospholipid classes (PC, dPE, PE-pl, PI and PS) examined. Besides changes in phospholipid species, DHA-enriched diet also showed substantial increases in 4-HHE in brain, heart, and plasma. Among different brain regions, the hippocampus responded to the DHA-enriched diet showing significant increase in 4-HHE. Considering the pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways mediated by the (n-6) and (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids, unveiling the ability for DHA-enriched diet to alter phospholipid species and lipid peroxidation products in the brain and in different body organs may be an important step forward towards understanding the mechanism(s) for this (n-3) fatty acid on health and diseases.
Topics: Aldehydes; Animals; Brain; Chromatography, Liquid; Dietary Supplements; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Heart; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Myocardium; Organ Specificity; Oxidation-Reduction; Phospholipids; Plasma; Random Allocation; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 32926329
DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08616-0 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021While the beneficial roles of dietary phospholipids on health status and overall performances of fish larvae have been well demonstrated, the underlying mechanisms...
While the beneficial roles of dietary phospholipids on health status and overall performances of fish larvae have been well demonstrated, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To address this gap, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary phospholipids on growth performance, intestinal development, immune response and microbiota of larval largemouth bass (). Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic micro-diets were formulated to contain graded inclusion levels of phospholipids (1.69, 3.11, 5.23, 7.43 and 9.29%). Results showed that the supplementation of dietary phospholipids linearly improved the growth performance of largemouth bass larvae. The inclusion of dietary phospholipids increased the activity of digestive enzymes, such as lipase, trypsin and alkaline phosphatase, and promoted the expression of tight junction proteins including ZO-1, claudin-4 and claudin-5. Additionally, dietary phospholipids inclusion alleviated the accumulation of intestinal triacylglycerols, and further elevated the activity of lysozyme. Dietary phospholipids inhibited the transcription of some pro-inflammatory cytokines, including , and , but promoted the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines , with these modifications being suggested to be mediated by the p38MAPK/Nf-κB pathway. The analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA V3-4 region indicated that the intestinal microbiota profile was significantly altered at the genus level with dietary phospholipids inclusion, including a decreased richness of pathogenic bacteria genera in larval intestine. In summary, it was showed that largemouth bass larvae have a specific requirement for dietary phospholipids, and this study provided novel insights on how dietary phospholipids supplementation contributes to improving the growth performance, digestive tract development and intestinal health.
Topics: Animals; Bass; Computational Biology; Dietary Supplements; Digestion; Enzymes; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Intestines; Larva; Phospholipids
PubMed: 35087540
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.827946