-
Nutrients Oct 2023Because the associations between different dietary protein sources and the risks of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are inconsistent, and those of eating habits with...
Because the associations between different dietary protein sources and the risks of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are inconsistent, and those of eating habits with GDM have rarely been explored, we aimed to investigate the independent and joint association of major dietary protein sources and eating habits with GDM in a case-control study including 353 GDM cases and 718 controls in China. Dietary protein intake and eating habits prior to GDM diagnosis were collected through questionnaires at 24~28 gestational weeks. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the independent and joint associations of dietary protein intake and eating habits with GDM. The Anderson model was used assess if there is an additive interaction between them. Animal protein, red meat protein and dairy products protein intake were significantly and positively associated with GDM. Among the eating habits, preferences for hot food, firm food and soft food were significantly associated with higher odds of GDM. Individuals with unhealthy eating habits and high dietary protein simultaneously had the highest odds of GDM, and the ORs were 2.06 (1.25, 3.41) for the total protein, 2.97 (1.78, 4.96) for animal meat, 3.98 (2.41, 6.57) for the red meat protein and 2.82 (1.81, 4.41) for the dairy protein; the values for the trend were all significant ( < 0.001). However, no additive interaction was detected. In conclusion, our study found that dietary protein intake and eating habits prior to GDM diagnosis were both independently and jointly associated with the odds of GDM.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Diabetes, Gestational; Dietary Proteins; Case-Control Studies; Feeding Behavior; Meat Proteins; Diet; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37892408
DOI: 10.3390/nu15204332 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Sep 2014Sarcopenia is characterized by decreases in both muscle mass and muscle function. The loss of muscle mass, which can precede decrements in muscle function, is ultimately... (Review)
Review
Sarcopenia is characterized by decreases in both muscle mass and muscle function. The loss of muscle mass, which can precede decrements in muscle function, is ultimately rooted in an imbalance between the rates of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown that favors a net negative balance (i.e., synthesis < breakdown). A preponderance of evidence highlights a blunted muscle protein synthetic response to dietary protein, commonly referred to as “anabolic resistance,” as a major underlying cause of the insipid loss of muscle with age. Dietary strategies to overcome this decreased dietary amino acid sensitivity include the ingestion of leucine-enriched, rapidly digested proteins and/or greater protein ingestion in each main meal to maximally stimulate muscle anabolism. Anabolic resistance is also a hallmark of a sedentary lifestyle at any age. Given that older adults may be more likely to experience periods of reduced activity (either voluntarily or through acute illness), it is proposed that inactivity is the precipitating factor in the development of anabolic resistance and the subsequent progression from healthy aging to frailty. However, even acute bouts of activity can restore the sensitivity of older muscle to dietary protein. Provided physical activity is incorporated into the daily routine, muscle in older adults should retain its capacity for a robust anabolic response to dietary protein comparable to that in their younger peers. Therefore, through its ability to “make nutrition better,” physical activity should be viewed as a vital component to maintaining muscle mass and function with age.
Topics: Aging; Amino Acids; Dietary Proteins; Energy Intake; Humans; Leucine; Micronutrients; Motor Activity; Muscle Proteins; Muscle, Skeletal; Nutritional Requirements; Nutritional Status; Sarcopenia; Sedentary Behavior
PubMed: 25469405
DOI: 10.3945/an.113.005405 -
Nutrients Jun 2023Essential amino acids (AAs) play a key role in stimulating intestinal adaptation after massive small gut resection. The nutritional effect of dietary amino acids during... (Review)
Review
Essential amino acids (AAs) play a key role in stimulating intestinal adaptation after massive small gut resection. The nutritional effect of dietary amino acids during intestinal regrowth has received considerable attention in recent years. This review explores the significance of dietary amino acids in the nutritional management of infants and children with intestinal failure and short bowel syndrome (SBS) as reported in the medical literature over the last three decades. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases. Breast milk emerged as the first-line enteral regimen recommended for infants with SBS. Hydrolyzed formulas (HFs) or amino acid formulas (AAFs) are recommended when breast milk is not available or if the infant cannot tolerate whole protein milk. The superiority of AAFs over HFs has never been demonstrated. Although glutamine (GLN) is the main fuel for enterocytes, GLN supplementation in infants with SBS showed no difference in the child's dependence upon parenteral nutrition (PN). Circulating citrulline is considered a major determinant of survival and nutritional prognosis of SBS patients. Early enteral nutrition and dietary supplementation of AAs following bowel resection in children are essential for the development of intestinal adaptation, thereby eliminating the need for PN.
Topics: Infant; Female; Humans; Child; Short Bowel Syndrome; Intestine, Small; Glutamine; Citrulline; Dietary Proteins
PubMed: 37447153
DOI: 10.3390/nu15132826 -
Renal Failure Dec 2023Decreased dietary protein intake (DPI) may lead to protein-energy malnutrition and may be associated with increased mortality risk. We hypothesized that longitudinal...
BACKGROUND
Decreased dietary protein intake (DPI) may lead to protein-energy malnutrition and may be associated with increased mortality risk. We hypothesized that longitudinal changes in dietary protein intake have independent associations with survival in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.
METHODS
668 stable PD patients were selected in the study from January 2006 to January 2018 and were followed up until December 2019. Their three-day dietary records were collected at the baseline (the sixth month after PD) and thereafter every 3 months for two and a half years. The latent class mixed models (LCMM) were used to identify subgroups of PD patients with similar longitudinal trajectories of DPI. The relation between DPI (baseline and longitudinal data) and survival was examined using Cox model to estimate death hazard ratios. Meanwhile, different formulae were used to assess nitrogen balance.
RESULTS
The results showed that baseline DPI ≤ 0.60g/kg/day was associated with the worst outcome in PD patients. Patients with DPI 0.80-0.99g/kg/day and DPI ≥ 1.0g/kg/day both presented positive nitrogen balance; patients with DPI 0.61-0.79g/kg/day presented obviously negative nitrogen balance. Longitudinal association between time-dependent DPI and survival was found in PD patients. The consistently low DPI' (0.61-0.79g/kg/d) group was correlated with increased death risk as compared with the 'consistently median DPI' group (0.80-0.99g/kg/d, HR = 1.59, = 0.008), whereas there was no difference in survival between 'consistently median DPI' group and 'high-level DPI' group (≥1.0 g/kg/d, > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Our study revealed that DPI ≥ 0.8 g/kg/day was beneficial to the long-term outcome for the PD population.
Topics: Humans; Dietary Proteins; Nitrogen; Peritoneal Dialysis
PubMed: 36861472
DOI: 10.1080/0886022X.2023.2182605 -
Journal of Renal Nutrition : the... Sep 2020To determine the sources of protein and phosphorus levels from the food consumed by patients on dialysis.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the sources of protein and phosphorus levels from the food consumed by patients on dialysis.
DESIGN AND METHODS
This is a retrospective, secondary data analysis of the Comprehensive Dialysis Survey study participants who had a baseline food frequency questionnaire and baseline lab data (N = 358). We examined intake of protein, phosphorus, and 7 other key nutrients from a subcohort of the Comprehensive Dialysis Survey based on the published National Kidney Foundation Kidney Dialysis Outcome Quality Initiative's nutrition recommendations. We studied the relationship of dietary protein source (plant or animal) with phosphorus intake using self-reported data from food frequency questionnaires. Variables included in final analysis are demographic, lab variables (albumin and prealbumin, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, and C-reactive protein), and nutrition variables (calorie density, protein density, total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, carbohydrates, phosphorus, calcium, sodium, potassium, plant-based protein, animal-based protein, and daily protein intake).
RESULTS
Most of the patients had a lower than recommended consumption of calories, protein, phosphorus, and potassium while sodium, total, and saturated fats were overconsumed. Patients intake of dietary protein and calories was proportional to the amount of food consumed for both plant- and animal-based food. The levels of dietary protein and phosphorus were significantly (P < .05) lower in patients who primarily consumed a plant-based diet than in those who mainly consumed an animal-based diet.
CONCLUSIONS
Consuming more plant-based protein as part of a varied diet could be nutritionally adequate while limiting intake of absorbable dietary phosphorus. More research in plant-based protein diets and their impact on patients with end-stage renal disease is needed.
Topics: Diet; Dietary Proteins; Female; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphorus; Renal Dialysis; Retrospective Studies; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 32276766
DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2019.11.006 -
The Journal of the Association of... Dec 2023Obesity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) pose a triple burden in India. Almost two-thirds of people with diabetes (PWD) in India are found to have... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Obesity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) pose a triple burden in India. Almost two-thirds of people with diabetes (PWD) in India are found to have suboptimal glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid control. Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) in diabetes has emphasized on the amount and type of carbohydrates for years. However, protein, an important macronutrient in diabetes management, needs to be focused upon, especially in India, where the consumption is found to be lower than the recommendations provided by most guidelines.
AIM
An expert committee attempted to review the role of dietary protein in the management of T2DM, arrive at a consensus on the significance of increasing dietary protein for various benefits, and offer practical guidance on ways to improve protein intake among Indians.
METHODOLOGY
A total of 10 endocrinologists and diabetologists, one nephrologist, and three registered dietitians representing four zones of India formed the expert committee. An in-depth review of literature in the Indian context was carried out, and the draft document was shared with the expert committee, and their views were incorporated into the same. The expert committee then assembled virtually to deliberate on various aspects of the role of protein in T2DM management. The experts from various specialties gave their valuable inputs and suggestions from their extensive personal clinical experience and research work, which helped to reach a consensus on the role and significance of protein in the management of T2DM and its complications in India.
RESULTS
There is abundant evidence that MNT is essential for the prevention and management of T2DM and its complications. Experts agreed that increasing protein intake offers myriad health benefits, namely reducing glycemic variability, improving glycemic control, increasing insulin sensitivity, improvement in lipid profile and immunity, and helping in weight management and preservation of muscle mass in PWD. The expert committee suggested aiming for an increase in protein intake by at least 5-10% of the current intake in lieu of carbohydrates in PWD. Experts also highlighted the need for more data quantifying the unmet protein needs in the Indian PWD, especially among vegetarians. Randomized controlled trials to study the effect of protein in diabetes complications such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and comorbid conditions such as sarcopenia among the Indian population are also warranted.
CONCLUSION
Increasing protein quantity and quality in the diets of Indian PWD could significantly contribute to positive health outcomes. Increased protein intake, preferably through dietary sources to meet the requirements and, when required using diabetes-specific protein supplements (DSPS), is recommended in the prevention and control of T2DM.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Dietary Proteins; India
PubMed: 38736053
DOI: 10.59556/japi.71.0339 -
Current Protein & Peptide Science 2019Nutrients can regulate metabolic activities of living organisms through epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and RNA regulation. Since... (Review)
Review
Nutrients can regulate metabolic activities of living organisms through epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and RNA regulation. Since the nutrients required for early embryos and postpartum lactation are derived in whole or in part from maternal and lactating nutrition, the maternal nutritional level affects the growth and development of fetus and creates a profound relationship between disease development and early environmental exposure in the offspring's later life. Protein is one of the most important biological macromolecules, involved in almost every process of life, such as information transmission, energy processing and material metabolism. Maternal protein intake levels may affect the integrity of the fetal genome and alter DNA methylation and gene expression. Most amino acids are supplied to the fetus from the maternal circulation through active transport of placenta. Some amino acids, such as methionine, as dietary methyl donor, play an important role in DNA methylation and body's one-carbon metabolism. The purpose of this review is to describe effects of maternal dietary protein and amino acid intake on fetal and neonatal growth and development through epigenetic mechanisms, with examples in humans and animals.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Dietary Proteins; Epigenesis, Genetic; Fetal Development; Humans; Mothers
PubMed: 30678627
DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190125110150 -
BMC Endocrine Disorders Aug 2021Several studies have investigated the association between dietary protein and the risk of diabetic nephropathy (DN); however, there is no agreement on the type of...
BACKGROUND
Several studies have investigated the association between dietary protein and the risk of diabetic nephropathy (DN); however, there is no agreement on the type of dietary protein sources that might increase the risk of DN. This study was conducted to investigate the associations between different protein sources and the odds of DN developing in Iranian women with existing type 2 diabetes.
METHODS
In this case-control study, 105 women with DN and 105 controls, matched for age and diabetes duration, were selected from the Kowsar Diabetes Clinic in Semnan, Iran. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Dietary protein patterns were estimated using the factor analysis method. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to examine the association between protein patterns and the odds of developing DN.
RESULTS
Two patterns were identified: the Mediterranean-based Dietary Protein Sources (MDPS) pattern which is rich in low-fat dairy, fish, poultry, soy, and legumes, and the Western-based Dietary Protein Sources (WDPS) pattern, rich in red and processed meats, eggs, and high-fat dairy. After adjusting for several confounders, greater adherence (third vs. the first tertile) to the MDPS pattern was associated with lower odds of DN (OR = 0.03; 95 % CI: 0.00, 0.10). In contrast, a strong positive association was observed between adherence to the WDPS pattern and DN (OR = 2.81; 95 % CI: 1.09-7.21).
CONCLUSIONS
Our results show that there is a potential association between the type of protein sources consumed and the odds of DN development in women with type 2 diabetes. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Dietary Proteins; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Iran; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34452618
DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00841-3 -
Nutrition Research Reviews Jun 2023Adequate protein intake is essential for the maintenance of whole-body protein mass. Different methodological approaches are used to substantiate the evidence for the... (Review)
Review
Adequate protein intake is essential for the maintenance of whole-body protein mass. Different methodological approaches are used to substantiate the evidence for the current protein recommendations, and it is continuously debated whether older adults require more protein to counteract the age-dependent loss of muscle mass, sarcopenia. Thus, the purpose of this critical narrative review is to outline and discuss differences in the approaches and methodologies assessing the protein requirements and, hence, resulting in controversies in current protein recommendations for healthy older adults. Through a literature search, this narrative review first summarises the historical development of the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University setting of protein requirements and recommendations for healthy older adults. Hereafter, we describe the various types of studies (epidemiological studies and protein turnover kinetic measurements) and applied methodological approaches founding the basis and the different recommendations with focus on healthy older adults. Finally, we discuss important factors to be considered in future studies to obtain evidence for international agreement on protein requirements and recommendations for healthy older adults. We conclude by proposing future directions to determine 'true' protein requirements and recommendations for healthy older adults.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Dietary Proteins; Diet; Sarcopenia; Nutritional Requirements; Health Status
PubMed: 34666855
DOI: 10.1017/S0954422421000329 -
Current Protein & Peptide Science 2017Biogenic amines in the gastrointestinal tract are important metabolites of dietary protein and amino acids with the help of gut digestive enzymes and microbes, which... (Review)
Review
Biogenic amines in the gastrointestinal tract are important metabolites of dietary protein and amino acids with the help of gut digestive enzymes and microbes, which play a crucial role in the regulation of intestinal functions, including digestion, absorption, and local immunity. However, high concentrations of biogenic amines can induce adverse reactions and are harmful to animal's health. Therefore, it is crucial to have a clear understanding of how different biogenic amines interact with a body's intestinal function signaling pathways and to monitor the content of biogenic amines in the gastrointestinal tract. And in turn, the proper concentration of dietary protein and balanced amino acids for humans and livestock could be given. Though numerous methods have been developed and improved for the detection of biogenic amines in foods or wines much less attention has been paid directly to the determination of amine levels in the gastrointestinal tract. In this article, we mainly focus on the interaction of amines with the intestinal function signaling pathway and the broad impacts on animal physiology, and our modified method to accurately and quickly detect the biogenic amines in the digesta of an animal intestine.
Topics: Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Biogenic Amines; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dietary Proteins; Gastrointestinal Tract; Intestinal Mucosa; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 27356940
DOI: 10.2174/1389203717666160627073048