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Reproduction in Domestic Animals =... Nov 2022The physiological effects of dietary boron (B) supplementation for farm animals specifically goat on male fertility are still scarce and need deep investigation. Thus,...
The physiological effects of dietary boron (B) supplementation for farm animals specifically goat on male fertility are still scarce and need deep investigation. Thus, the current study was designed to investigate how adding B to the diet of male goats affected their testicular and thyroid activity. For that purpose, twelve male goats were divided randomly into two groups (six animals each); control group that was fed the basal diet and B group that was fed the basal diet containing 70 mg B/kg diet for 6 months. Serum samples were collected at different intervals, while testicular biopsies were obtained at the end of the experiment. The results showed that 6 months of dietary B supplementation resulted in a significant increment in serum B concentration. The results of repeated measure analysis showed that there were significant GROUP and TIME × GROUP interactions effects on blood testosterone levels (F = 119.408, p = .000 and F = 6.794, p = .013, respectively), demonstrating that compared with control, B supplementation caused a significant rise in serum testosterone levels over time. However, the mean animal body weights and the serum levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were kept comparable with the control ones at the different time points. The most striking finding is that B supplementation increased significantly the mRNA expression of the CYP17A1 which is essential for steroidogenesis (p < .001). In addition, a histological examination of testicular tissue corroborated our findings and demonstrated that B supplementation had a positive effect. As a result, B might be considered an excellent food supplement that could be safely added to the male goats' diet at the current dose to improve their reproductive capacity.
Topics: Animals; Male; Animal Feed; Boron; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Goats; Testosterone; Thyroid Gland
PubMed: 35864721
DOI: 10.1111/rda.14212 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Mar 2022This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary tributyrin (TB) and physterol ester (PSE) supplementation on the growth performance and intestinal health...
AIM
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary tributyrin (TB) and physterol ester (PSE) supplementation on the growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Ninety-six piglets were randomly allocated to one of four groups, including a control group (basal diet), TB group (basal diet + 1500 g t TB), PSE group (basal diet + 300 g t PSE) and TB + PSE group (basal diet + 1500 g t TB + 300 g t PSE). All groups had eight replicates with three piglets per replicate. The experiment lasted for 28 days. The results showed that dietary TB supplementation increased (p < 0.05) average daily feed intake and average daily gain, as well as the acetate and butyrate concentration in ileum, and dietary PSE supplementation decreased (p < 0.05) the ratio of feed to gain (F/G) on days 1-14 of the trial. Dietary TB or PSE alone supplementation improved the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (VH/CD) and the expression level of Occludin in ileum. The linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis identified eight biomarkers in the control group, 18 in the TB + PSE group, two in the PSE group in ileum respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the relative abundances of Enterococcus, and Streptococcus were positively correlated (p < 0.05) with propionate concentration, while the relative abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 was negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with acetate concentration in ileum.
CONCLUSION
These findings suggest that dietary TB or PSE alone supplementation could alter the growth performance, intestinal morphology, microbiota community and metabolites of weaned piglets.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
Weaning stress is a major cause of slow growth and increased diarrhoea in piglets. This study demonstrated that dietary TB and PSE presented a beneficial role in growth performance and gut health via regulating intestinal morphology, microbiota composition and metabolites.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Esters; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Microbiota; Swine; Triglycerides; Weaning
PubMed: 34706122
DOI: 10.1111/jam.15321 -
Poultry Science Mar 2021The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis supplementation and calcium (Ca) levels on performance, eggshell quality, intestinal...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis supplementation and calcium (Ca) levels on performance, eggshell quality, intestinal morphology, and relative calbindin-D28k (CALB1) mRNA level of laying hens in the late phase of production. An experiment employing a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of 3 levels of Ca (3.5, 4.0, and 4.5%) and the absence or presence of B. subtilis was carried out with a total of 576 Hy-Line Brown laying hens aged 72 to 79 wk. Every group had 8 replicates of 12 birds each. The results showed that 4.0 and 4.5% Ca levels improved (P < 0.05) apparent retention and serum Ca content of aged laying hens. Compared with the 3.5% Ca level, the 4.0% Ca level in diets increased (P < 0.05) thickness, eggshell weight, shell ratio, and eggshell Ca content of aged laying hens. Moreover, breaking strength, thickness, eggshell weight, shell ratio, eggshell Ca content, apparent retention of Ca in g/day, apparent retention of Ca in percent, villus height, villus height/crypt depth, serum Ca level, and relative CALB1 mRNA level of aged laying hens were all increased (P < 0.05) by B. subtilis supplementation in diets. The supplemental B. subtilis decreased feed conversion ratio (P = 0.001) significantly. In addition, there was an interaction effect between increased Ca levels from 3.5 to 4.5% and B. subtilis supplementation on crypt depth in the duodenum (P < 0.05). In conclusion, we found that both the increase in dietary Ca level from 3.5 to 4.5% and B. subtilis supplementation could enhance intestinal Ca absorption and improve eggshell quality of laying hens in the late phase of production (72-79 wk of age). Dietary supplementation of B. subtilis accompanying the 4.0% Ca level was appropriate in enhancement of eggshell quality.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Bacillus subtilis; Calcium; Chickens; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Egg Shell; Female; Probiotics
PubMed: 33518333
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.067 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Apr 2023The present study aims to explore the effects of dietary fulvic acid (FA) supplementation on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of sea...
The present study aims to explore the effects of dietary fulvic acid (FA) supplementation on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicas). FA was used to replace 0 (control), 0.1, 0.5 and 1 g cellulose in the basic diet of sea cucumber to formulate four experimental feeds with equivalent nitrogen and energy denoted as F0, F0.1, F0.3 and F1, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the survival rate among all groups (P > 0.05). Results show that the body weight gain rate, specific growth rate, intestinal trypsin, amylase and lipase activities, serum superoxide dismutase, catalase, lysozyme, alkaline and acid phosphatase activities and disease resistance ability against the pathogen, Vibrio splendidus of the sea cucumbers fed with FA-containing diets were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The optimum dose of dietary FA supplementation required for the maximum growth of sea cucumber was 0.54 g/kg. Therefore, dietary FA supplementation to the feed of sea cucumber can significantly improve its growth performance immune response.
Topics: Animals; Sea Cucumbers; Dietary Supplements; Stichopus; Immunity, Innate; Animal Feed; Diet; Disease Resistance
PubMed: 36871631
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108662 -
Journal of Animal Science Jan 2023Lysolecithin is widely used as emulsifier to improve the digestibility and retention of fat. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary lysolecithin...
Lysolecithin is widely used as emulsifier to improve the digestibility and retention of fat. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary lysolecithin supplementation on growth performance, nutrients absorption, lipid metabolism, and redox status of weaned pigs. A total of 60 weaned piglets were assigned into 2 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design, receiving basal diet with 0 or 1,000 mg/kg lysolecithin for a period of 28 d. Each dietary treatment had 10 replicates with 3 piglets per replicate. Growth performance and fecal score were monitored during trial. Samples of blood, ileum, and liver tissues were collected and analyzed for serology, intestinal histomorphology, and lipid metabolism-related gene and protein expressions. Dietary lysolecithin supplementation increased average daily gain (+15%, P < 0.05) and tended to increase average daily feed intake (+14%, P = 0.08) in overall experimental period. At final, the average body weight of piglets in lysolecithin group was 10% greater than that of control group (P = 0.09). In addition, dietary lysolecithin supplementation improved the ability of nutrients absorption as indicated by the higher d-xylose level in plasma (P < 0.05). Moreover, piglets from lysolecithin group had higher concentration of high-density lipoprotein (P < 0.05), but lower triglyceride (P < 0.05) in plasma. The inclusion of lysolecithin in diet increased the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and GSH to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio in plasma and liver (P < 0.05), but attenuated the levels of malondialdehyde and GSSG in ileum (P < 0.05). The upregulation of lipogenesis-related genes (FAS and ACC), downregulation of lipolysis (PNPLA2 and PABP1), and lipid mobilization (PGC-1α and SRIT1) genes were observed in lysolecithin relative to control piglets. Compared with control group, dietary lysolecithin supplementation upregulated protein expressions of GPX4, SREBP1, and LPL in liver and LPL in ileum (P < 0.05). Collectively, our study indicates that dietary lysolecithin supplementation improved growth performance of weaned piglets, which may be associated with the improved nutrients absorption, redox status, and lipid metabolism.
Topics: Swine; Animals; Dietary Supplements; Lysophosphatidylcholines; Glutathione Disulfide; Lipid Metabolism; Diet; Oxidation-Reduction; Weaning; Nutrients; Animal Feed
PubMed: 37668533
DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad293 -
Animal : An International Journal of... Mar 2021Dietary sodium (Na) levels were related to the content of the eggshell matrix. We therefore speculated that dietary Na supplementation as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) or...
Dietary sodium (Na) levels were related to the content of the eggshell matrix. We therefore speculated that dietary Na supplementation as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) or sodium sulfate (NaSO) may improve eggshell quality. Additionally, dietary NaHCO or NaSO supplementation may further affect eggshell quality in different ways due to differences in anions. This study investigated and compared the effects of dietary Na supplementation in either NaHCO or NaSO form on laying performance, eggshell quality, ultrastructure and components in laying hens. A total of 576 29-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly allocated to 8 dietary treatments that were fed a Na-deficient basal diet (0.07% Na, 0.15% Cl) supplemented with NaSO or NaHCO at 0.08, 0.18, 0.23 or 0.33% Na for 12 weeks. No differences were observed in laying production performance with dietary Na supplementation. Dietary Na supplementation resulted in quadratic increases of eggshell breaking strength in both NaSO and NaHCO added groups (P < 0.05), and NaSO-fed groups had a quadratic increase in the eggshell ratio at week 12 (P < 0.05). Compared with supplementing 0.08% Na, dietary supplementation of 0.23% Na increased the effective thickness (P < 0.05) in both NaSO and NaHCO added groups, but decreased the thickness and knob width of the mammillary layer (P < 0.05). A linear increase on the calcium content of the shell was only observed with Na supplementation from NaHCO (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in Na contents of the shell with dietary Na supplemented by both sources. Dietary Na addition had a quadratic increase on uronic acid contents of shell membrane in NaHCO-fed groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) contents of shell membranes increased linearly with dietary Na supplementation (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of 0.23% Na from NaSO increased the sulfated GAG contents of calcified eggshell (P < 0.05). Additionally, compared with NaHCO-fed groups, NaSO-fed groups had higher eggshell breaking strength, thickness, eggshell weight ratio, effective thickness and the sulfated GAG contents of calcified eggshell at week 12. Overall, dietary supplementation of NaHCO or NaSO could increase eggshell breaking strength, which may be related to increased sulfated GAG contents in eggshell membranes and improved ultrastructure. Higher eggshell breaking strength, thickness and eggshell ratio could be obtained when the diet was supplemented with 0.23% Na from NaSO.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Chickens; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Egg Shell; Female; Ovum; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sulfates
PubMed: 33485831
DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100163 -
Journal of the American College of... Dec 2018Reduction in excess calories and improvement in dietary composition may prevent many primary and secondary cardiovascular events. Current guidelines recommend diets high... (Review)
Review
Reduction in excess calories and improvement in dietary composition may prevent many primary and secondary cardiovascular events. Current guidelines recommend diets high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and legumes; moderate in low-fat dairy and seafood; and low in processed meats, sugar-sweetened beverages, refined grains, and sodium. Supplementation can be useful for some people but cannot replace a good diet. Factors that influence individuals to consume a low-quality diet are myriad and include lack of knowledge, lack of availability, high cost, time scarcity, social and cultural norms, marketing of poor-quality foods, and palatability. Governments should focus on cardiovascular disease as a global threat and enact policies that will reach all levels of society and create a food environment wherein healthy foods are accessible, affordable, and desirable. Health professionals should be proficient in basic nutritional knowledge to promote a sustainable pattern of healthful eating for cardiovascular disease prevention for both healthy individuals and those at higher risk.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diet Therapy; Diet, Healthy; Diet, Mediterranean; Diet, Western; Energy Intake; Feeding Behavior; Health Promotion; Humans
PubMed: 30522630
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.10.019 -
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal... Mar 2022This study investigated the effects of xylooligosaccharide (XOS) supplementation on growth, intestinal enzyme, antioxidant and immune-related genes in common carp...
Effects of dietary xylooligosaccharide prebiotic supplementation on growth, antioxidant and intestinal immune-related genes expression in common carp Cyprinus carpio fed a high-fat diet.
This study investigated the effects of xylooligosaccharide (XOS) supplementation on growth, intestinal enzyme, antioxidant and immune-related genes in common carp Cyprinus carpio fed a high-fat diet (HFD). One hundred and ninety two fish with an initial weight of 19.61 ± 0.96 g were allocated into 24 tanks (eight fish per tank in four replicate) and were fed the control diet, HFD, HFD with 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3% XOS supplementation. From the result, fish offered HFD with 1% XOS supplementation significantly obtained a higher body mass index and feed efficiency ratio, whereas condition factor was higher in fish fed HFD supplemented with 2% XOS but no difference was attributed to other supplemented group compared to control group. Also, fish fed HFD supplemented with 1%-2% XOS significantly improved protease, lipase, creatine kinase and sodium/potassium ATPase activities compared to other groups. Fish offered HFD were significantly lower in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), myeloperoxidase, acid phosphatase, lysozyme activities and immunoglobulin content, but the opposite result was found for aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase activities, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl and cortisol content as compared with the control. However, this effect was reversed with HFD supplemented with XOS. Also, interleukin 1β, interleukin 8, tumour necrosis factors, interferons, caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the intestine were all up-regulated in the HFD group, while the reverse pattern was found in SOD, GPX, lysozyme-C, complement 3 and mucin 5b (muc5b), than the control group. These effects were all enhanced by feeding the XOS diet, especially those fed 1%-3% supplementation. In conclusion, XOS inclusion can improve the growth, digestive enzymes, antioxidants and immune response of common carp fed HFD.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Antioxidants; Carps; Diet; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Supplements; Glucuronates; Intestines; Oligosaccharides; Prebiotics
PubMed: 34957599
DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13669 -
Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop... 2020Establishing dietary recommendations for micronutrients in young children is difficult. Techniques used to evaluate nutrient intake and bioavailability are hard to apply... (Review)
Review
Establishing dietary recommendations for micronutrients in young children is difficult. Techniques used to evaluate nutrient intake and bioavailability are hard to apply in this age group. Additionally, large variations in growth rates, dietary patterns, and nutrient losses in early childhood make determinations of dietary requirements difficult. Most recent studies have utilized stable isotopes to determine mineral absorption for iron, zinc, calcium, and magnesium. Vitamin D requirements have been established based on the dietary intake required to maintain a presumed adequate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration. Comparisons of nutrient requirements established using factorial methods involving absorption determinations and usual population intake are important to identify nutrients of concern related to deficient or excess intakes. Generally, in the USA, the intakes of calcium and magnesium are adequate to meet requirements in most toddler diets which include a milk source or a mineral-fortified milk alternative. Zinc and iron intakes can be below requirements in a substantial proportion of toddlers throughout the world, especially those with minimal meat consumption. Dietary vitamin D is generally below dietary recommendations, but clearly deficient serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are less common, and the global role for routine vitamin D supplementation or fortification of the diet remains uncertain.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Energy Intake; Humans; Infant; Micronutrients; Nutritional Requirements
PubMed: 33147581
DOI: 10.1159/000511507 -
Current Nutrition Reports Sep 2020A variety of potentially modifiable risk factors have been investigated in an attempt to delay/prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among these, dietary regimens and... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
A variety of potentially modifiable risk factors have been investigated in an attempt to delay/prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among these, dietary regimens and nutritional supplements have been most extensively studied. The purpose of this article is to critically review recent evidence for the Mediterranean/MIND diets along with the use of various vitamins and popular herbal supplements, including curcumin, Ginkgo biloba, and fish oil, among others.
RECENT FINDINGS
The Mediterranean and MIND diets are supported by observational studies performed in community settings, especially in the group with high adherence to the Mediterranean diet and with moderate-high adherence to the MIND diet. Randomized controlled trials of various vitamins and supplements have, in general, not shown statistically significant results, although there has been some promising evidence for vitamin D supplementation and curcumin use. There is sufficient data to recommend the Mediterranean and MIND diets to delay the onset of AD. It is judicious to supplement vitamin D, especially in deficient patients, and to consider the use of curcumin to improve cognitive performance. Future research should focus on larger, controlled trials in diverse populations.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Diet, Ketogenic; Diet, Mediterranean; Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension; Dietary Supplements; Humans
PubMed: 32681411
DOI: 10.1007/s13668-020-00333-1