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British Poultry Science Dec 2016An experiment with a 2 × 3 factorial design with two concentrations of dietary betaine (0 and 600 mg/kg) and three dietary concentrations of methionine (0, 600 and...
An experiment with a 2 × 3 factorial design with two concentrations of dietary betaine (0 and 600 mg/kg) and three dietary concentrations of methionine (0, 600 and 1200 mg/kg) was conducted using goslings to estimate growth, nutrient utilisation and digestibility of amino acids from 21 to 70 d of age. Three hundred geese were randomised at 18 d of age into 6 groups with 5 replicates per treatment and 10 geese per replicate. Increasing dietary concentrations of methionine gave a linear increase in body weight and average daily gain. The coefficient of crude fat retention increased as dietary methionine increased and there was a significant non-linear response to increasing dietary methionine. Similarly, increasing supplemental methionine gave linear increases in the digestibility of methionine and cysteine. The results of this study indicated that optimal dietary supplementation of methionine could increase growth performance and methionine and cysteine utilisation in growing goslings. Betaine supplementation had no apparent sparing effect on methionine needs for growth performance, but did improve the apparent cysteine digestibility.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Betaine; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Digestion; Geese; Male; Methionine; Weight Gain
PubMed: 27717289
DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1230663 -
Fish Physiology and Biochemistry Oct 2023Piperine, the main bioactive component of black pepper (Piper nigrum) or long pepper (Piper longum), has anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antibacterial properties....
Piperine, the main bioactive component of black pepper (Piper nigrum) or long pepper (Piper longum), has anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. This study was carried out to evaluate the supplemental effects of piperine in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) diets. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain different levels of piperine at 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, and 2.00 g/kg (Con, P25, P50, P75, P100, and P200, respectively). Diets were randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish (initial weight 27.6 ± 0.4 g, 30 fish/tank) and fed three times daily for 8 weeks. Results showed that dietary piperine significantly improved fish growth and feed utilization efficiency. The highest growth, including the highest Igf-1 mRNA expression, was observed in the P50 group, while P50 and P75 groups showed the highest protein efficiency ratio. Compared to the Con group piperine supplemented groups had significantly higher lysozyme activity, immunoglobulin level, and phagocytosis activities. Plasma cholesterol was significantly lower in fish fed P200 diet. Dry matter and protein digestibility were higher in P25, P50, and P75 groups than in Con group. Dietary piperine increased the intestinal villi length and goblet cell counts. In the challenge test against Edwardsiella tarda, all the groups supplemented with piperine showed higher cumulative survival compared to Con group. Therefore, these findings indicate that dietary piperine supplementation can improve growth performance, innate immunity, disease resistance, diet digestibility, and intestinal morphology of olive flounder. The optimum dietary piperine level seems to be approximately 0.5 g/kg for the fish.
Topics: Animals; Flounder; Immunity, Innate; Dietary Supplements; Disease Resistance; Diet; Animal Feed; Fish Diseases
PubMed: 37594621
DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01229-x -
Tropical Animal Health and Production Jan 2021The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of dietary supranutritional supplementation of selenium-yeast (SY) on growth performance, blood cells,...
Dietary supranutritional supplementation of selenium-enriched yeast improves feed efficiency and blood antioxidant status of growing lambs reared under warm environmental condition.
The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of dietary supranutritional supplementation of selenium-yeast (SY) on growth performance, blood cells, antioxidant status, and metabolic profile of lambs. Twenty-one Kermani male lambs (28.5 ± 2.6 kg of body weight) were used in a completely randomized design for 8 weeks under warm condition with temperature-humidity index (THI) of 81.3 ± 0.37 unit. The lambs were randomly divided into 3 groups given the basal diet either un-supplemented (control group) or supplemented with 0.6 or 1.2 mg of Se/kg dry matter (DM) as SY. Average daily Se intake was 0.12, 0.83, and 1.54 mg in lambs on control, 0.6 mg and 1.2 mg of supplemental Se treatments, respectively (P < 0.0001). The results showed that average daily gain tended to be higher in lambs received Se-supplemented diets than those fed the unsupplemented diet (P < 0.1). Feed efficiency improved by SY supplementation, thereby feed to gain ratio (FG) reduced 19 and 17% respectively in lambs fed 0.6 (FG = 6.58) and 1.2 (FG = 6.7) mg of Se/kg DM compared to those of the control (FG = 8.12) (P < 0.05). Feeding 1.2 mg of Se to growing lambs not only improved blood total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) as 18.1% and glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px) as 17.6%, but also made 13.1% reduction in serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration as a lipid peroxidation marker (P < 0.05). Despite its statistical insignificance (P > 0.05), erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was also greater in Se-fed groups compared to that of the control. Based on the obtained data, lambs fed 1.2 mg of Se/kg DM, had lower serum urea concentration and albumin to globulin ratio than those on unsupplemented diet (P < 0.05). Moreover, increased RBC count was observed in lambs received 0.6 mg of supplemental Se (P < 0.05). Selenium-enriched yeast supplementation gave rise to increased blood lymphocyte percentage (P < 0.05). The results also indicated that dietary high Se feeding had no adverse effects on blood metabolites including glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, liver enzymes, and triglyceride content. In the overall, these findings suggest that Se-enriched yeast is a kind of safe Se source for sheep and its dietary supranutritional supplementation for 8 weeks improves feed efficiency of growing lambs. Furthermore, increasing the supplemental Se to 1.2 mg/kg of diet promotes lambs' blood antioxidant status without inducing any detrimental impacts on cell metabolism.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Antioxidants; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Male; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Selenium; Sheep; Yeast, Dried
PubMed: 33486618
DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02588-4 -
BMC Veterinary Research Dec 2023Acremonium terricola is used in the feed of dairy animals to promote growth and control diseases. However, the effects of dietary supplementation with A. terricola on...
Dietary supplementation with Acremonium terricola culture alters the gut microbial structure and improves the growth performance, antioxidant status, and immune function of weaning piglets.
BACKGROUND
Acremonium terricola is used in the feed of dairy animals to promote growth and control diseases. However, the effects of dietary supplementation with A. terricola on the gut microbial structure of weaning piglets remain poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with A. terricola culture (ATC) on the growth performance, antioxidant status, immunity, and gut environment of weaning piglets. Sixty piglets were fed a basal diet supplemented with 1 g ATC/kg of basal diet (experimental group). Another 60 piglets did not receive ATC (control group). The intervention lasted for 20 days.
RESULTS
The experimental group had higher daily weight gain and feed efficiency than did the control group. Significant increases were noted in the levels of serum insulin (P = 0.0018), insulin-like growth factor (P = 0.0018), triiodothyronine (P = 0.0031), immunoglobulin A (P < 0.0001), immunoglobulin M (P = 0.001), immunoglobulin G (P = 0.0001), and interferon γ (P < 0.0001) in the experimental group compared with the levels in the control group. Furthermore, ATC supplementation significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Shuttleworthia, Succinivibrio, Roseburia, Ruminococcus, and Paludibacter but increased that of Phascolarctobacterium, Megasphaera, Faecalibacterium, and Prevotella in the experimental group compared with that in the control group. Notably, ATC supplementation significantly increased the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (P < 0.05), which is involved in anti-inflammatory activities, gut barrier enhancement, and butyrate production.
CONCLUSIONS
Dietary supplementation with ATC may improve the growth performance, antioxidant status, immunity, and fecal microflora of weaning pigs.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Antioxidants; Weaning; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Dietary Supplements; Diet; Immunity; Animal Feed
PubMed: 38053083
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03778-y -
Nutrients Jul 2020The prevention or alleviation of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a challenge for contemporary health services. The aim of this study... (Review)
Review
The prevention or alleviation of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a challenge for contemporary health services. The aim of this study was to review the literature on the prevention or alleviation of AD by introducing an appropriate carnitine-rich diet, dietary carnitine supplements and the MIND (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) diet, which contains elements of the Mediterranean diet and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. L-carnitine (LC) plays a crucial role in the energetic metabolism of the cell. A properly balanced diet contains a substantial amount of LC as well as essential amino acids and microelements taking part in endogenous carnitine synthesis. In healthy people, carnitine biosynthesis is sufficient to prevent the symptoms of carnitine deficiency. In persons with dysfunction of mitochondria, e.g., with AD connected with extensive degeneration of the brain structures, there are often serious disturbances in the functioning of the whole organism. The Mediterranean diet is characterized by a high consumption of fruits and vegetables, cereals, nuts, olive oil, and seeds as the major source of fats, moderate consumption of fish and poultry, low to moderate consumption of dairy products and alcohol, and low intake of red and processed meat. The introduction of foodstuffs rich in carnitine and the MIND diet or carnitine supplementation of the AD patients may improve their functioning in everyday life.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Carnitine; Diet, Healthy; Diet, Mediterranean; Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension; Dietary Supplements; Eating; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 32635400
DOI: 10.3390/nu12071987 -
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences Sep 2023This study aimed to evaluate the impact of betaine (Bet) and protected calcium butyrate (PCB) supplementation individually and together on the performance, carcass...
Effects of dietary betaine and protected calcium butyrate supplementation on growth performance, blood biochemical status, and meat quality in growing Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica).
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of betaine (Bet) and protected calcium butyrate (PCB) supplementation individually and together on the performance, carcass traits, blood biochemistry, and meat quality of growing Japanese quails ( Coturnix coturnix Japonica) from 1 to 42 days old. 144 one-day-old unsexed Japanese quails were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments with six replicates each. All birds were fed a maize-soybean meal diet for 42 days. The control group received no feed additives, while the treatment groups received 1.2 g/kg Bet, 1.0 g/kg PCB, or a combination of both in their diets. The results indicated that Bet and PCB supplementation individually and together did not differ performance, relative weights of heart, gizzard, proventriculus, bursa of Fabricius and pancreas, water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss (CL), blood biochemical values except for glucose and triglyceride. Bet supplementation significantly increased relative liver weights, while PCB supplementation decreased glucose levels in serum. Moreover, carcass yield was increased and triglyceride value in blood serum, malondialdehyde (MDA), and the pH levels of breast meats both on the 1st and 30st day of post-mortem were decreased in all treatment groups. Therefore, based on these results, the combination of betaine and butyrate improves both carcass yield and meat quality in growing Japanese quails. More research is needed to determine the impact of betaine and butyrate on the structure of amino acids in meat, antioxidant enzyme activity, and the immune system in poultry.
Topics: Animals; Coturnix; Betaine; Calcium; Butyrates; Diet; Meat; Antioxidants; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37727053
DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2023.145043 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Feb 2022The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of sources and levels of selenium (Se) on juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). A completely...
Optimum dietary sources and levels of selenium improve growth, antioxidant status, and disease resistance: re-evaluation in a farmed fish species, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of sources and levels of selenium (Se) on juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). A completely randomized design involving a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments was used in this study. Organic Se (L-selenomethionine; SeMet) and inorganic Se (sodium selenite; NaSeO) were each added to the basal diet at 1, 3 and 5 mg Se/kg. The basal diet, without Se supplementation, was used as a control. There was a total of 7 experimental diets, and each was fed in triplicate to groups of fish with an initial average body weight of 13.5 g for 8 weeks. The results showed that growth performance was significantly affected by dietary sources and levels of Se (P < 0.05). Fish fed diets supplemented with SeMet of 1.0 mg Se/kg resulted in higher growth performance compared to basal diet (P < 0.05), but NaSeO supplementation did not affect growth. The feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased as dietary sources of SeMet (P < 0.05). Interestingly, fish fed diets supplemented with both forms of Se had lower cholesterol levels than those fed the basal diet (P < 0.05). Moreover, dietary sources and levels of Se significantly increased (P < 0.05) the antioxidant enzyme activities such as lysozyme, catalase, myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Dietary sources and levels of Se significantly could enhance the Nile tilapia resistance against Streptococcusagalactiae infection (P < 0.05). Overall, it can be concluded that the inclusion level of 1.0 mg Se/kg of organic Se in the diet is suggested to be the optimal level for the growth performance and immune response of Nile tilapia. Therefore, dietary supplementation with Se is useful for improving growth, antioxidant status, immune response, and disease resistance.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cichlids; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Disease Resistance; Fish Diseases; Selenium
PubMed: 34958921
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.003 -
Poultry Science Dec 2021This study was designed to evaluate the effect of dietary Ser on performance, egg quality, serum indices, and ileal mucosal immunity in laying hens fed low crude protein...
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of dietary Ser on performance, egg quality, serum indices, and ileal mucosal immunity in laying hens fed low crude protein (LCP), essential amino acids (EAA) balanced diets. A total of 480 Hy-Line Brown layers at 24 wk of age were randomly assigned into 5 dietary treatments with 8 replicates of 12 birds each. Treatments included a control diet (16.49% CP), and 4 LCP, EAA balanced diets (14.05% CP) supplemented with 0, 0.114%, 0.306%, 0.498% L-Ser, respectively. Dietary Ser supplementation linearly increased hen-day egg production (HDEP; P < 0.05) and decreased feed-to-egg ratio (P < 0.05) among LCP groups from wk 6 to 10, and the optimal HDEP of layers occurred at Ser level of 0.498%. At the end of wk 10, birds in the control had higher albumen height and thick white proportion than those fed the LCP diet without Ser addition (P < 0.05), and presented a lower yolk color score than all LCP groups (P < 0.05). Among LCP groups, serum total protein and globulin contents were significantly increased by dietary Ser addition at the levels of 0.306% and 0.498% (P < 0.05), and had a linear response to the supplemental Ser levels (P < 0.05). Furthermore, dietary 0.498% Ser supplementation significantly increased serum immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M contents (P < 0.05) and up-regulated the expression of mucin 2, secretory immunoglobulin A, and relevant glycosyltransferases of O-glycosylation in ileal mucosa (P < 0.05). The increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-1β induced by LCP diets (P < 0.05) was reversed following 0.498% Ser addition (P < 0.05). Collectively, dietary CP reduction by 2.44% could maintain the productive performance of layers when it was fortified with certain EAA, though poor albumen quality, and ileal inflammation were occurred. The addition of Ser to LCP diets improved performance probably through enhancing humoral and ileal mucosal immunity and attenuating the ileal inflammation of layers.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Chickens; Diet; Diet, Protein-Restricted; Dietary Supplements; Female; Immunity, Mucosal; Serine
PubMed: 34634711
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101465 -
Journal of Food Science Aug 2022This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin E (VE) on the growth performance, breast muscle quality, fatty acid (FA) composition, and...
This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin E (VE) on the growth performance, breast muscle quality, fatty acid (FA) composition, and muscle fiber characteristics of geese. In the present study, a total of 240 healthy 29-day-old male Jiangnan white geese were randomly divided into six experimental groups, with five replicates in each group and eight geese in each replicate. Group A, the control group, was fed a basal diet; Groups B, C, D, E, and F were fed diets supplemented with 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg VE. After feeding for 70 days of age, one gosling from each replicate was randomly selected and slaughtered to assess the breast muscle quality characteristics, lipid oxidation, FA composition, and muscle fiber characteristics. The results showed that dietary VE supplementation did not significantly affect the growth performance, breast muscle quality characteristics, or muscle fiber characteristics of geese (p > 0.05). Dietary supplementation with 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg VE significantly decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the breast muscle compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with 40 and 80 mg/kg VE significantly increased the retention of α-tocopherol in pectoral muscle, decreased polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) oxidation, and increased the proportion of n-3 PUFAs (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 5-80 mg/kg VE to the basal diet (VE content of the basal diet: 17.53 mg/kg) had no significant effect on the growth performance of geese. However, dietary supplementation with 40-80 mg VE increased the retention of α-tocopherol in breast muscle tissue, reduced the oxidation of PUFAs, and increased the content of n-3 PUFAs. Thus, under these experimental conditions, dietary supplementation with 40-80 mg/kg VE is recommended, which is beneficial to human health. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Appropriate supplementation of VE could increase meat quality and the beneficial components in breast muscle of geese. It provides a theoretical basis for future production of high-quality goose meat.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Geese; Male; Meat; Pectoralis Muscles; Vitamin E; alpha-Tocopherol
PubMed: 35781816
DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16232 -
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal... Sep 2021The present study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier...
The present study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 0.15 kg were divided into four diets for 28 days. The treatments were basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate and 40 mg/kg bacitracin zinc, AT), probiotics (400 mg/kg Bacillus coagulans ≥5 × 109 CFU/g, BC) or yeast hydrolysate (5000 mg/kg yeast hydrolysate, YH). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were improved by AT and YH diets (p < 0.05), while BC diet only increased ADG (p < 0.05). The complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LZM) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in serum were increased in BC diet (p < 0.05). Feeding AT and YH caused the increase of jejunal villus height (p < 0.05), and a higher ratio of villus height/crypt depth was observed in AT, BC and YH groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa was up-regulated by AT, BC and YH diets (p < 0.05). Dietary AT, BC or YH inclusion decreased the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentration and TNF-α mRNA expression (p < 0.05), and YH supplementation even down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expressions (p < 0.05). In summary, the dietary administration of BC or YH both improves growth performance through promoting the intestinal barrier function, indicating both of them can serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters for the piglet production.
Topics: Animals; Bacillus coagulans; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Immunity; Intestinal Mucosa; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Swine
PubMed: 33715204
DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13529