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PloS One 2022The medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum is traditionally used for treating multiple diseases, including cancer. This study examined skin cancer preventive activity of a...
The medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum is traditionally used for treating multiple diseases, including cancer. This study examined skin cancer preventive activity of a commercial product containing spore and fruiting body in 30:8 ratio (GLSF). Extracts of GLSF and spore component (GLS) were prepared using artificial gastrointestinal juice and examined on JB6 cells. GLSF and GLS dose-dependently inhibited epidermal growth factor-induced JB6 transformation at non-toxic concentrations. SKH-1 mice which were fed with diets containing GLSF (1.25%), GLS (0.99%) or the fruiting body (GLF) (0.26%) were exposed to chronic low-dose ultraviolet (UV) radiation to assess their effects on skin carcinogenesis. GLSF, but not GLS or GLF, reduced skin tumor incidence and multiplicity. In non-tumor skin tissues of mice, GLSF attenuated UV-induced epidermal thickening, expression of Ki-67, COX-2 and NF-κB, while in tumor tissues, GLSF increased expression of CD8 and Granzyme B. To examine the effects of GLSF on UV-induced immunosuppression, mice which were fed with GLSF were evaluated for the contact hypersensitivity (CHS) response to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). GLSF significantly reversed UV-mediated suppression of DNFB-induced CHS by increasing CD8+ and decreasing CD4+ and FoxP3+ T-cells in mouse ears. Therefore, GLSF prevents skin cancer probably via attenuating UV-induced immunosuppression.
Topics: Agaricales; Animals; Carcinogenesis; Dermatitis, Contact; Dinitrofluorobenzene; Immunosuppression Therapy; Mice; Reishi; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 35312729
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265615 -
Biochemical Pharmacology Feb 2023Chronic itch is the most prominent feature of atopic dermatitis (AD), and antihistamine treatment is often less effective in reducing clinical pruritus severity in AD....
Chronic itch is the most prominent feature of atopic dermatitis (AD), and antihistamine treatment is often less effective in reducing clinical pruritus severity in AD. Multiple studies have shown that histamine-independent itch pathway is thought to predominate in AD-induced chronic itch. Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor (Mrgpr) A3 sensory neurons have been identified as one of the major itch-sensing neuron populations, and transient receptor potential (TRP) channel A1 is the key downstream of MrgprA3-mediated histamine-independent itch. MrgprA3-TRPA1 signal pathway is necessary for the development of chronic itch and may be the potentially promising target of chronic itch in AD. Dictamnine is one of the main quinoline alkaloid components of Cortex Dictamni (a traditional Chinese medicine widely used in clinical treatment of skin diseases). However, the anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic effect of dictamnine on AD have not been reported. In this study, we used the 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced AD mouse model to observe the scratching behavior, inflammatory manifestations, and to detect the expression of MrgprA3 and TRPA1 in skin and DRG. The data demonstrated that dictamnine effectively inhibited AD-induced chronic itch, inflammation symptoms, epidermal thickening, inflammatory cell infiltration, and downregulated the expression of MrgprA3 and TRPA1. Furthermore, dictamnine restrained the excitability of MrgprA3 and TRPA1 neurons. Molecular docking also indicated that dictamnine has better binding affinity with MrgprA3. These results suggest that dictamnine may inhibit chronic itch caused by AD through the MrgprA3-TRPA1 mediated histamine-independent itch pathway, and may have a potential utility in AD treatment.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dinitrofluorobenzene; Histamine; Molecular Docking Simulation; Pruritus; Quinolines; Transient Receptor Potential Channels; Sensory Receptor Cells; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
PubMed: 36493846
DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115368 -
International Immunopharmacology Apr 2021Although acute stress generally exerts positive effects on the immune system, chronic stress typically causes immunosuppression via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal...
Although acute stress generally exerts positive effects on the immune system, chronic stress typically causes immunosuppression via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In this study, the effects of capsaicin (1.28 mg/kg intraperitoneally [i.p.] for 7 days) on immune parameters were evaluated under conditions of chronic stress. Capsaicin treatment significantly increased the immune response as evaluated by the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and splenocyte proliferation assays- It also is able to rescue the splenocytes of the apoptosis induced by stress. The capsaicin treatment increased the production of Th1 cytokines and decreased the production of Th2 cytokines and TGF-β1 in the plasma and culture supernatants of immunosuppressed mice, which is associated with the modulation of Th2 induced by stress cells. Moreover, the production of corticosterone significantly decreased in capsaicin-treated animals as compared to control groups. The capsaicin treatment further attenuated the immunosuppression induced by the corticosterone treatment (40 mg/kg i.p. for 7 days), albeit less potently, as exhibited in the DTH response. Intriguingly, the capsaicin treatment decreased the induction of IL-10, IL-4, and TGF-β1 through high doses of corticosterone, indicating direct cellular immunomodulation. These results show, that capsaicin is able to modulate chronic stress-induced immunosuppression, mediating corticosterone released inhibition, but also, that capsaicin significantly modulates the pharmacological action of corticosterone in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Capsaicin; Cell Proliferation; Corticosterone; Cytokines; Dinitrofluorobenzene; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immune Tolerance; Immunologic Factors; Male; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Spleen; Stress, Physiological; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Mice
PubMed: 33486334
DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107341 -
Inhibition of Mast Cell Degranulation in Atopic Dermatitis by Celastrol through Suppressing MRGPRX2.Disease Markers 2023Atopic dermatitis is a common dermatological disease, and mast cell degranulation is believed to be related with the progression of atopic dermatitis. Mas-related G...
BACKGROUND
Atopic dermatitis is a common dermatological disease, and mast cell degranulation is believed to be related with the progression of atopic dermatitis. Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor-X2 (MRGPRX2), and calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1-2 (ORAI-1, ORAI-2) are involved in mast cell degranulation. Celastrol is an active monomer of Tripterygium wilfordii, and it presents an antiatopic role.
METHODS
2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and compound 48/80 (C 48/80) were used to establish a slow and acute scratching animal model, respectively. Hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue staining was used to investigate tissue injury. Inflammatory factor concentration was measured with ELISA. The expression of MRGPRX2, ORAI-1, and ORAI-2 was detected with immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Gene expression profiling and microRNA array were performed to investigate gene differential expression.
RESULTS
Celastrol greatly inhibited atopic dermatitis-related tissues injury, mast cell production, histamine release, scratching level, inflammatory factor expression, and activation of MRGPRX2/ORAI axis in the DNFB-induced atopic dermatitis model. The influence of Celastrol on atopic dermatitis was remarkably reversed by overexpression of MRGPRX2.
CONCLUSION
We found that the improvements of atopic dermatitis caused by Celastrol were reversed by treatment with MRGPRX2, indicating that Celastrol might affect atopic dermatitis through MRGPRX2. This study might provide a novel thought for the prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis by regulating MRGPRX2.
Topics: Animals; Dermatitis, Atopic; Cell Degranulation; Mast Cells; Dinitrofluorobenzene; Receptors, Neuropeptide; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
PubMed: 36712922
DOI: 10.1155/2023/9049256 -
Nature Immunology Jun 2021
Topics: Allergy and Immunology; Animals; Benzenesulfonates; DNA-Binding Proteins; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dinitrofluorobenzene; Disease Models, Animal; Herpesviridae Infections; History, 21st Century; Humans; Immunologic Memory; Killer Cells, Natural; Liver; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Mice, SCID; Models, Animal; Muromegalovirus; Skin; Urinary Bladder
PubMed: 33859406
DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00890-9 -
Amino Acids Sep 2015Determining the bioavailability of lysine in foods and feedstuffs is important since lysine is often the first limiting indispensable amino acid in diets for intensively... (Review)
Review
Determining the bioavailability of lysine in foods and feedstuffs is important since lysine is often the first limiting indispensable amino acid in diets for intensively farmed livestock (pigs and poultry) and also in many cereal-based diets consumed by humans. When foods or feedstuffs are heat processed, lysine can undergo Maillard reactions to produce nutritionally unavailable products. The guanidination reaction, the reaction of O-methylisourea with the side chain amino group of lysine that produces homoarginine, has been used to determine the unmodified lysine (reactive lysine) in processed foods and feedstuffs and also true ileal digestible reactive lysine (bioavailable lysine). The advantages of the guanidination method in comparison with other reactive lysine methods such as the fluorodinitrobenzene, trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid and dye-binding methods are that it is very specific for reactive lysine and also that the method is relatively straightforward to conduct. The specificity of the guanidination reaction for the lysine side chain amino group is particularly important, since ileal digesta will contain N-terminal groups in the form of free amino acids and peptides. The main disadvantage is that complete conversion of lysine to homoarginine is required, yet it is not straightforward to test for complete guanidination in processed foods and feedstuffs. Another disadvantage is that the guanidination reaction conditions may vary for different food types and sometimes within the same food type. Consequently, food-specific guanidination reaction conditions may be required and more work is needed to optimise the reaction conditions across different foods and feedstuffs.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Dinitrofluorobenzene; Food Analysis; Guanidine; Humans; Lysine; Poultry; Swine; Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid
PubMed: 26036685
DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2007-0 -
Allergy Sep 2022The circadian rhythm controls multiple biological processes, including immune responses; however, its impact on cutaneous adaptive immune response remains unclear.
BACKGROUND
The circadian rhythm controls multiple biological processes, including immune responses; however, its impact on cutaneous adaptive immune response remains unclear.
METHODS
We used a well-established cutaneous type IV allergy model, contact hypersensitivity (CHS). We induced CHS using dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). Mice were sensitized and elicited with DNFB in the daytime or at night.
RESULTS
In mice, a nocturnally active animal, we found that ear swelling increased when mice were sensitized at night compared with in the daytime. In addition, cell proliferation and cytokine production in the draining lymph nodes (LNs) were promoted when sensitized at night. We hypothesized that these differences were due to the oscillation of leukocyte distribution in the body through the circadian production of adrenergic hormones. Administration of a β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonist salbutamol in the daytime decreased the number of immune cells in blood and increased the number of immune cells in LNs. In contrast, a β2AR antagonist ICI18551 administration at night increased the number of immune cells in blood and decreased the number of immune cells in LNs. Accordingly, the severity of CHS response was exacerbated by salbutamol administration in the daytime and attenuated by ICI18551 administration at night.
CONCLUSION
Our study demonstrated that the magnitude of adaptive CHS response depends on the circadian rhythm and this knowledge may improve the management of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in humans.
Topics: Albuterol; Animals; Circadian Rhythm; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dinitrofluorobenzene; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Skin
PubMed: 35426135
DOI: 10.1111/all.15314 -
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences 2023Retinol is widely used in topical skincare products to ameliorate skin aging and treat acne and wrinkles; however, retinol and its derivatives occasionally have adverse...
Retinol is widely used in topical skincare products to ameliorate skin aging and treat acne and wrinkles; however, retinol and its derivatives occasionally have adverse side effects, including the induction of irritant contact dermatitis. Previously, we reported that mead acid (5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid), an oleic acid metabolite, ameliorated skin inflammation in dinitrofluorobenzene-induced allergic contact hypersensitivity by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and leukotriene B production by neutrophils. Here, we showed that mead acid also suppresses retinol-induced irritant contact dermatitis. In a murine model, we revealed that mead acid inhibited keratinocyte abnormalities such as keratinocyte hyperproliferation. Consistently, mead acid inhibited p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) phosphorylation, which is an essential signaling pathway in the keratinocyte hyperplasia induced by retinol. These inhibitory effects of mead acid were associated with the prevention of both keratinocyte hyperproliferation and the gene expression of neutrophil chemoattractants, including Cxcl1 and Cxcl2, and they were mediated by a PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor)-α pathway. Our findings identified the anti-inflammatory effects of mead acid, the use of which can be expected to minimize the risk of adverse side effects associated with topical retinoid application.
PubMed: 36825199
DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1097955 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Cold atmospheric plasma has been widely applied in medical treatment clinically, especially skin diseases. However, the mechanism of cold atmospheric plasma on the...
Cold atmospheric plasma has been widely applied in medical treatment clinically, especially skin diseases. However, the mechanism of cold atmospheric plasma on the treatment of skin diseases is still undefined. In this study, dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis mice model was constructed. Cold atmospheric plasma was able to decrease skin cells apoptosis, relieve skin inflammation, ER stress and oxidative stress caused by dinitrofluorobenzene stimulation, which was mediated by cold atmospheric plasma-induced MANF expression. In terms of mechanism, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression was increased intracellularly after cold atmospheric plasma treatment, which further bound to the promoter region of gene and enhanced MANF transcriptional expression. This study reveals that cold atmospheric plasma has a positive effect on atopic dermatitis treatment, also demonstrates the regulatory mechanism of cold atmospheric plasma on MANF expression HIF-1α, which indicates the potential medical application of cold atmospheric plasma for atopic dermatitis treatment.
Topics: Animals; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dinitrofluorobenzene; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Mice; Nerve Growth Factors; Plasma Gases
PubMed: 35911675
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.941219 -
Journal of Chromatography. A Jan 2021In this study, porous covalent organic frameworks (COFs, named as COFs-SWMU) were synthesized for the first time via a facile approach by using...
In this study, porous covalent organic frameworks (COFs, named as COFs-SWMU) were synthesized for the first time via a facile approach by using 4,4',4''-methylidynetri-anilin and 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzenedicarboxaldehyde as precursors under ambient temperature. The COFs-SWMU were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, etc. The COFs-SWMU exhibited a relatively high specific surface area and desirable thermal stability. The adsorption performance of COFs-SWMU towards fluoronitrobenzenes (FNBs, including 1-fluoro-2-nitrobenzene, 1-fluoro-3-nitrobenzene, 1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene, 2,4-difluoronitrobenzene, 3,4-difluoronitrobenzene, and 3,4-dinitrofluorobenzene) was investigated on the basis of adsorption capacity and partition coefficient (PC). The adsorption kinetics and isotherm of COFs-SWMU for FNBs were studied in detail. Further, a simple, fast and sensitive method which combined COFs-SWMU based extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection, was proposed for the analysis of FNBs in environmental samples. Desirable linearity (R>0.9998) in the range of 0.1-100 μg•mL, low limits of detection (LODs; 0.1‒0.15 μg•mL), low limits of quantitation (LOQs; 0.28‒0.40 μg•mL), and desirable precision (RSDs, 0.24-2.83% for intraday and 1.13-6.92% for interday) are obtained. Finally, the COFs-SWMU were applied to the effective extraction of FNBs from environmental samples, and desirable recovery results were obtained.
Topics: Adsorption; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Environmental Monitoring; Limit of Detection; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Nitrobenzenes; Solid Phase Extraction; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; X-Ray Diffraction
PubMed: 33223152
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461704