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PloS One 2019The disease of freshwater sponges was first discovered in 2011, when pink samples were found in the Central Basin of Lake Baikal. Subsequently, the visible signs of the...
The disease of freshwater sponges was first discovered in 2011, when pink samples were found in the Central Basin of Lake Baikal. Subsequently, the visible signs of the disease have changed, and now sponges appear with various symptoms of damage to the body, such as discoloration, tissue necrosis, the formation of brown patches and dirty-purple biofilms on some branches. These signs of the disease are accompanied by the mass death of sponges. We identified differences in microbiomes by sequencing 16S rRNA genes and found changes in the consortium of microorganisms of freshwater Baikal sponges. We found that the observed imbalance in the studied microbial communities of diseased sponges is caused by several different conditionally pathogenic microorganisms that increase their negative effect by acting together and in concert, which leads to the death of photosynthetic microalgae and sponges. Sponges are an important component of coastal communities, and the massive loss of sponges can obviously affect the structure of benthic communities and the purity of water.
Topics: Animals; Biodiversity; Genes, Bacterial; Host Microbial Interactions; Lakes; Microbiota; Porifera; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Russia
PubMed: 30921366
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213926 -
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology... Oct 2022An ectopic pancreas rarely transforms into a malignancy, and the symptoms vary from patient to patient. The most commonly observed site of an ectopic pancreas is the...
An ectopic pancreas rarely transforms into a malignancy, and the symptoms vary from patient to patient. The most commonly observed site of an ectopic pancreas is the antrum of the stomach. A 59-year-old male patient with severe abdominal pain underwent CT. A 9.6 cm-sized well-defined exophytic huge mass with heterogenic density was located between the stomach distal antrum and duodenum. A malignant submucosal tumor was suspected because of the exophytic dirty huge mass. Initially, surgery was considered to confirm the histological evaluation. After 2 months, the abdominal pain disappeared, and the follow-up MRI scan showed a decrease in size, which contained a necrotic component inside. It was confirmed that the parenchymal tissue was the pancreas. The pathology through EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) was normal pancreatic acinar cells, smooth muscle fragments, squamous cyst, and some neutrophils (abscess). Walled-off necrosis occurs as a complication of acute pancreatitis with parenchymal tissues and surrounding tissues, but complications of ectopic pancreatitis occurred in this case. Abdominal pain due to ectopic pancreas leading to the formation of a giant abscess has been reported as a very rare case. Diagnosis through biopsy is most important when a malignant submucosal tumor is suspected. In addition, it is important to determine the clinical features, examination findings, such as EUS, CT, and MRI, and the changes according to the follow-up period. This paper reports a case of ectopic pancreas, resulting in necrotic tissue and walled-off necrosis, abdominal pain, and spontaneous improvement.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Stomach Neoplasms; Abscess; Acute Disease; Pancreatitis; Pancreas; Abdominal Pain; Necrosis; Pancreatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 36281553
DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2022.078 -
Journal of Vascular Surgery Mar 2021Wound complications after major lower extremity amputations (LEAs) are a cause of significant morbidity in vascular surgery patients. Recent publications have...
OBJECTIVE
Wound complications after major lower extremity amputations (LEAs) are a cause of significant morbidity in vascular surgery patients. Recent publications have demonstrated the efficacy of the closed incision negative pressure dressing at preventing surgical site infections (SSIs); however, there are few data on its use in major LEAs. This study sought to assess if closed incision negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) would decrease the risk of complications as compared with a standard dressing in patients with peripheral vascular disease undergoing major LEA.
METHODS
Fifty-four consecutive patient limbs with a history of peripheral arterial disease underwent below-knee or above-knee amputations. This was a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database from January 2018 to December 2019, and it included 23 amputations in the NPWT group and 31 amputations in the standard dressing group. NPWT using the PREVENA system was applied intraoperatively at the discretion of the operating surgeon and removed 5 to 7 days postoperatively. The standard group received a nonadherent dressing with an overlying compression dressing. Amputation incisions were assessed and wound complications were recorded. Student's t-test and two-sample proportion z-test were used for statistical analysis. A P value of less than .05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
For comorbidities, there was a higher incidence of tobacco use in the NPWT as compared with the standard group (44% vs 13%; P = .011), as well as trends toward increased prior amputations, anemia, hyperlipidemia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder in the NPWT group. For risk factors, there were more dirty wounds in the NPWT as compared with the standard group (52% vs 26%; P = .046). For outcomes, there were fewer wound complications in the NPWT as compared with the standard group (13% vs 39%; P = .037). The types of wound-related complications in the NPWT group included one wound dehiscence with a deep SSI, one superficial SSI, and one incision line necrosis. In the standard group, there were four wound dehiscences with deep SSI, three superficial SSIs, four incision line necroses, and one stump hematoma. The rates of perioperative mortality and amputation revision did not differ significantly between the NPWT and the standard groups (3% vs 4% and 4.3% vs 10%, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
Closed incision NPWT may decrease the incidence of wound complications in vascular patients undergoing major LEA. This held true even among a population that was potentially at higher risk. This therapy may be considered for use in lower extremity major amputations.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amputation, Surgical; Comorbidity; Databases, Factual; Female; Humans; Lower Extremity; Male; Middle Aged; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Surgical Wound Dehiscence; Surgical Wound Infection; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Wound Healing
PubMed: 32707380
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.07.061 -
Journal of Medical Case Reports Oct 2023Medullary carcinoma of the colon is a rare subtype of colorectal cancer that has a unique, and sometimes varied, clinical and histologic profile. It usually presents in... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Medullary carcinoma of the colon is a rare subtype of colorectal cancer that has a unique, and sometimes varied, clinical and histologic profile. It usually presents in adult patients older than 50 years. Here, we report a unique case of young male patient who initially presented with abdominal pain followed by a large bowel obstruction.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 40-year-old SriLankan male presented with right-sided abdominal pain and on examination, there was a palpable right iliac fossa mass. Colonoscopy and a computed tomography scan revealed cecal mass. Later, while waiting for elective resection, the patient developed symptoms and signs of a large bowel obstruction. He underwent a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with an uneventful postoperative course. The histopathologic evaluation of the resected specimens showed invasive carcinoma with syncytial growth pattern, foci of lymphoid host response, and dirty necrosis, in keeping with a medullary carcinoma pT4a pN2b. Unlike most reported medullary carcinoma cases, this patient was young and caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 positive.
CONCLUSION
We have reported another case of medullary carcinoma of the colon in a young patient with unique histologic characteristics. Reporting such cases helps in refine understanding of the histologic and genetic, as well as clinical, phenotypes of medullary carcinoma of the colon.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Carcinoma, Medullary; Colonic Neoplasms; Colectomy; Intestinal Obstruction; Abdominal Pain
PubMed: 37849007
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-04160-0 -
Diagnostic Cytopathology Jan 2017Urine cytology is the most frequently utilized test to detect urothelial cancer. Secondary bladder neoplasms need to be recognized as this impacts patient management. We...
BACKGROUND
Urine cytology is the most frequently utilized test to detect urothelial cancer. Secondary bladder neoplasms need to be recognized as this impacts patient management. We report our experience on nonurothelial malignancies (NUM) detected in urine cytology over a 10-year period.
METHODS
A 10-year retrospective search for patients with biopsy-proven NUM to the urothelial tract yielded 25 urine samples from 14 patients. Two cytopathologists blinded to the original cytology diagnosis reviewed the cytology and histology slides. The incidence, cytomorphologic features, diagnostic accuracy, factors influencing the diagnostic accuracy, and clinical impact of the cytology result were studied.
RESULTS
The incidence of NUM was <1%. The male:female ratio was 1.3. An abnormality was detected in 60% of the cases; however, in only 4% of the cases, a primary site was identified accurately. Of the false negatives, 96% was deemed as sampling errors and 4% was interpretational. Patient management was not impacted in any of the false-negative cases due to concurrent or past tissue diagnosis.
CONCLUSION
Colon cancer was the most frequent secondary tumor. Sampling error attributed to the false-negative results. Necrosis and dirty background was often associated with metastatic lesions from colon. Obtaining history of a primary tumor elsewhere was a key factor in diagnosis of a metastatic lesion. Hematopoietic malignancies remain to be a diagnostic challenge. Cytospin preparations were superior for evaluating nuclear detail and background material as opposed to monolayer (Thinprep) technology. Diagnostic accuracy was improved by obtaining immunohistochemistry. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:22-28. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diagnostic Errors; Female; Humans; Lymphoma; Male; Melanoma; Multi-Institutional Systems; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urine
PubMed: 27775224
DOI: 10.1002/dc.23625 -
Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021The pathological changes of myocarditis include degeneration and necrosis of myocardial cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the myocardial interstitium,...
Modified Look-Locker Inverse-Recovery (MOLLI) Sequence of Quantitative Imaging in Dirty Magnetic Resonance Longitudinal Relaxation Time Diagnostic Value of GE Combined with Longitudinal Relaxation Time Quantitative Imaging for Myocardial Amyloidosis.
The pathological changes of myocarditis include degeneration and necrosis of myocardial cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the myocardial interstitium, accompanied by obvious myocardial fibrosis. Myocardial fibrosis is a determinant of ventricular remodeling and an important indicator of the classification of clinical risk factors and has an important value in evaluating the prognosis of heart disease. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the "gold standard" for evaluating the shape and function of the heart, and it can show the characteristic pathological changes of myocardial tissue. The traditional gadolinium imaging agent delays the enhanced sequence images to visually show the extent of the affected myocardial fibrosis, but it cannot effectively identify small focal fibrosis or widespread diffuse fibrosis. The CMR longitudinal relaxation time quantitative technique can directly measure the relaxation time (T1) determined by the myocardial tissue and does not depend on the signal strength of the reference tissue and can quantitatively analyze the affected myocardium. In this study, the initial and enhanced quantitative imaging techniques of CMR were used to measure the magnetic value of the myocardium in patients with myocarditis, to explore the diagnostic value of myocardial fibrosis, and to analyze the correlation between cardiac fibrosis and cardiac function.
Topics: Amyloidosis; Contrast Media; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Myocardium; Predictive Value of Tests
PubMed: 34712458
DOI: 10.1155/2021/2800891 -
International Journal of Gynecological... Nov 2018Krukenberg tumor, defined as metastatic adenocarcinoma to the ovary containing at least 10% signet ring cells, usually arises from the stomach but can also originate...
Krukenberg tumor, defined as metastatic adenocarcinoma to the ovary containing at least 10% signet ring cells, usually arises from the stomach but can also originate from other sites. We reviewed 17 metastatic breast carcinomas to the ovary with signet ring cells to potentially identify features indicative of mammary origin as opposed to other possible primary sites. The patients ranged from 41 to 76 (mean, 53.6) yr. Fourteen had a prior history of invasive breast carcinoma (invasive ductal carcinoma, 4; invasive lobular carcinoma, 3; adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified, 3; carcinoma with ductal and lobular features, 2; and unspecified carcinoma, 2) and metastases were identified 2 to 284 (mean, 79) mo after the original diagnosis. Three patients had no known history of invasive breast carcinoma: 1 was subsequently diagnosed with invasive lobular carcinoma, 1 had suspicious bilateral breast masses identified on imaging, and 1 was lost to follow-up. Bilateral ovarian metastases were present in 87%, and the tumors ranged from 3.8 to 19 (mean, 8) cm. Microscopically the ovarian architecture was effaced in 71% by discrete tumor lobules separated by striking edema. The tumors exhibited a variety of histologic patterns: nests were most common (88%), followed by cords (82%), diffuse sheets (82%), single cells (71%), small clusters (41%), glands (29%), and follicle-like cysts (12%). Signet ring cells comprised 2% to 70% (mean, 33%) of the tumors, with 14 cases meeting the criteria for Krukenberg tumor. Signet ring cells were most frequently observed within diffuse sheets (71%) and cords (65%). Tumor cells arranged in nests, cords, and diffuse sheets are typical of Krukenberg tumor of breast origin, and the patterns recapitulate those seen in primary breast carcinomas. Features characteristic of gastrointestinal origin, such as extracellular mucin, intestinal-type glands, dirty necrosis, microcysts, and goblet cell carcinoid-like foci, were absent. The overall morphologic picture in cases of ovarian spread of breast cancer with signet ring cells is usually strongly suggestive of mammary origin. The diagnosis can be further supported by the clinical history and immunohistochemical evaluation.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell; Female; Humans; Krukenberg Tumor; Middle Aged; Ovarian Neoplasms
PubMed: 29045292
DOI: 10.1097/PGP.0000000000000462 -
Diagnostic Cytopathology Apr 2017Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a WHO grade II astrocytic tumor of children and young adults. It is characterized by pleomorphic, atypical astrocytes. Atypia is... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a WHO grade II astrocytic tumor of children and young adults. It is characterized by pleomorphic, atypical astrocytes. Atypia is so remarkable, that PXA can be easily misdiagnosed as malignant glioma. If confused with a high-grade glioma the neurosurgeon may not proceed with a complete resection. Therefore, a specific recognition during intraoperative consultation is particularly important. We describe four cases of PXA evaluated during intraoperative procedures. Findings were compared with those of 22 glioblastomas. PXA smears were moderately cellular and showed a variable population of pleomorphic cells and fibrillary fragments with vessels. Tumoral cells were of intermediate size with a less frequent population of large, atypical cells. Some showed bi/trinucleation with bizarre nuclei. In two cases, tumoral cells with microvacuolization resembling xanthic astrocytes were present. No necrosis, mitotic activity, phagocytic macrophages or apoptotic fragments were seen. Smears from glioblastoma were more cellular than those of PXA with numerous neoplastic cells, branching vessels and myxoid substance. Cellular atypia was evident and mitoses were seen in all cases. Most cases showed an abundant population of accompanying macrophages and cellular debris. Differences between PXA and glioblastoma were related to cell turnover rather than cytomorphologic features. Glioblastoma shows features of high cellular replication showing a dirty background with necrosis and phagocytic macrophages as well as mitotic figures and apoptosis. On the other hand, smears from PXA have a clean background with no necrosis, cellular fragments or relevant mitotic activity. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:339-344. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Brain Neoplasms; Female; Glioblastoma; Humans; Male
PubMed: 28084690
DOI: 10.1002/dc.23660 -
Avian Pathology : Journal of the W.V.P.A Apr 2024Mortality of chicken embryos and first-week chickens was reported in a commercial incubator company in Costa Rica. Six 1-day-old Cobb chickens and twenty-four...
Mortality of chicken embryos and first-week chickens was reported in a commercial incubator company in Costa Rica. Six 1-day-old Cobb chickens and twenty-four embryonated chicken eggs were examined in the Laboratory of Avian Pathology and the Laboratory of Bacteriology of the National University of Costa Rica. Twelve dead-in-shell embryos showed maceration and were immersed in a putrid, turbid, slightly thick brown liquid. Additionally, the other 12 embryonated eggs had milky yellow-orange content. The livers of those embryos had congestion, haemorrhages and multifocal cream foci of necrosis. Granulocytic infiltration was observed in the bursa of Fabricius, myocardium, liver, lung and kidney. Livers and egg yolks from six embryonated chickens and all 1-day-old chickens were aseptically collected and cultured. In addition, tissues from six better conserved embryos and all 1-day-old chickens were fixed in buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin. Biochemical and molecular tests identified as the cause of the early, middle and late embryo mortality. As all the eggshells from the sampled embryonated eggs were dirty with soiled a fecal matter, contamination after manipulating the eggs was considered the source of infection. is an environmental microorganism that has rarely been reported to cause human disease. To our knowledge, this is the first report of causing mortality in a hatchery. Cleaning and disinfection using ozone were implemented in the hatchery to eliminate the embryo mortality associated with .
Topics: Humans; Chick Embryo; Animals; Female; Chickens; Comamonas testosteroni; Costa Rica; Poultry Diseases; Liver
PubMed: 38126360
DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2023.2289587 -
Journal of Clinical Neuroscience :... Sep 2018The prognostic significance of clinical characteristics and neuroimaging features, especially cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based neuroimaging features, in...
The prognostic significance of clinical characteristics and neuroimaging features, especially cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based neuroimaging features, in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative cryptococcal meningitis (CM) has rarely been examined in the literature. We analyzed the clinical characteristics and MRI findings of 65 HIV-negative patients (43 men, 22 women, age 19-86 years) collected during a study period of 15 years (January 2001-December 2015). Their underlying conditions included diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis, hematologic disorders, autoimmune disorders, malignancy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, adrenal insufficiency and organ transplantation, and their clinical presentations included headache, altered consciousness, fever, seizure, visual disturbance and hearing impairment. The main cranial MRI findings were basal meningeal enhancement (44.6%, 29/65), dilated Virchow-Robin space/pseudocyst (43.1%, 28/65), "dirty" cerebrospinal fluid sign (38.5%, 25/65), hydrocephalus (36.9%, 21/65), acute/subacute cerebral infarct (ASCI, 21.5%, 14/65), cryptococcoma (9.2%, 6/65), and hazy brain base (1.5%, 1/65). The therapeutic results of the 65 patients were evaluated using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). A comparison of the good outcome group (GOS score = 4-5, n = 37) and poor outcome group (GOS score = 1-3, n = 28) revealed that both the presence of seizures and ASCI were significantly associated with the prognosis. A comparison of the groups with ASCI (n = 14) and without ASCI (n = 51) revealed that the presence of basal meningeal enhancement was a significant factor for the development of ASCI, and that this correlation may be associated with intense basal meningeal inflammation in adjacent small vessels.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cerebral Infarction; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Meningitis, Cryptococcal; Middle Aged; Neuroimaging; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Seizures; Young Adult
PubMed: 30042070
DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.06.044