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British Journal of Haematology Jan 2022Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is characterized by complement-mediated intravascular haemolysis, severe thrombophilia and bone marrow failure. While for... (Review)
Review
Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is characterized by complement-mediated intravascular haemolysis, severe thrombophilia and bone marrow failure. While for patients with bone marrow failure the treatment follows that of immune-mediated aplastic anaemia, that of classic, haemolytic PNH is based on anti-complement medication. The anti-C5 monoclonal antibody eculizumab has revolutionized treatment, resulting in control of intravascular haemolysis and thromboembolic risk, with improved long-term survival. Novel strategies of complement inhibition are emerging. New anti-C5 agents reproduce the safety and efficacy of eculizumab, with improved patient convenience. Proximal complement inhibitors have been developed to address C3-mediated extra-vascular haemolysis and seem to improve haematological response.
Topics: Algorithms; Clinical Decision-Making; Combined Modality Therapy; Disease Management; Disease Susceptibility; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal; Humans; Phenotype; Prognosis; Standard of Care; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34355382
DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17753 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021
Topics: Alarmins; Animals; Disease Susceptibility; Homeostasis; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Immunity; Plant Diseases; Plant Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 35178047
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.844315 -
European Review For Medical and... Jul 2021Sepsis is one of the most common complications and causes of death in patients with Alcohol-related Liver Disease. This narrative review will focus on several aspects of... (Review)
Review
Sepsis is one of the most common complications and causes of death in patients with Alcohol-related Liver Disease. This narrative review will focus on several aspects of sepsis in the context of Alcohol-related Liver Disease. The pathophysiology of the increased susceptibility to infections consists mainly of impaired innate and adaptive immunity, changes in gut microbiota with consequent gut translocation of bacteria due to both alcohol abuse and the underlying liver disease. The diagnosis of sepsis in the context of Alcohol-related Liver Disease is challenging. Moreover, the use of classical acute-phase serum proteins (e.g., C-reactive protein and procalcitonin) has several limitations in this setting. The early administration of an adequate antibiotic treatment is pivotal. Finally, measures of infection control and prevention are needed because the prognosis of sepsis in patients affected by Alcohol-related Liver Disease is poor.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; C-Reactive Protein; Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic; Procalcitonin; Prognosis; Sepsis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34286499
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202107_26249 -
Seminars in Immunopathology Jan 2018
Topics: Animals; Complement Activation; Complement System Proteins; Disease Susceptibility; Humans
PubMed: 29313086
DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0664-7 -
Revue Des Maladies Respiratoires Feb 2019The addictive disorder is a multifactorial pathology variable in its manifestations, environmental, developmental, inheritable, neurobiological, and behavioral. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The addictive disorder is a multifactorial pathology variable in its manifestations, environmental, developmental, inheritable, neurobiological, and behavioral.
METHODS
Synthesis of recent data from the literature.
RESULTS/DISCUSSION
Addiction is a pathology affecting decision-making, the emotional balance, the voluntary control of behaviour, not only in cases of psychoactive products use but also in behavioural dependencies. The social environment, developmental stages, and genetic factors are closely related to the vulnerability to addiction. In this article, after reviewing risk factors and neurobiology data, we will use cannabis, synthetic cannabinoids and cocaine as an example of substance use disorder.
Topics: Behavior, Addictive; Cannabinoids; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Marijuana Abuse; Nerve Net; Reward; Risk Factors; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 30686556
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2018.12.001 -
Nature Genetics Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Sarcoma; Genotype; Disease Susceptibility; Genetic Predisposition to Disease
PubMed: 36782036
DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01310-4 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021
Topics: Africa; Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Noncommunicable Diseases; Public Health Surveillance
PubMed: 35087535
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.816257 -
Immunity Oct 2021The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused a devastating... (Review)
Review
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused a devastating pandemic worldwide. Here, we explain basic concepts underlying the transition from an epidemic to an endemic state, where a pathogen is stably maintained in a population. We discuss how the number of infections and the severity of disease change in the transition from the epidemic to the endemic phase and consider the implications of this transition in the context of COVID-19.
Topics: COVID-19; Disease Susceptibility; Endemic Diseases; Epidemics; Humans; Immunity; Prevalence; SARS-CoV-2; Severity of Illness Index; Vaccination
PubMed: 34626549
DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.09.019 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2020
Topics: Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Sepsis
PubMed: 32655563
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01263 -
Platelets Apr 2021
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Platelets; Disease Susceptibility; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Inflammation; Thrombosis
PubMed: 33600267
DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1889310