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Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and... Jun 2017Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a prevalent and devastating inflammatory skin disease predominating in women and minorities. HS is characterized by painful recurrent...
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a prevalent and devastating inflammatory skin disease predominating in women and minorities. HS is characterized by painful recurrent abscesses, foul-smelling purulent drainage, sinus tract and fistula formation, and disfiguring scarring involving intertriginous body sites including the axillae, breasts, groin, and buttocks. Disease onset typically occurs in the second to fourth decades of life and is associated with significant impacts on physical and psychological well-being due to pain, shame, and isolation, leading to profound suffering and despair. HS is both clinically and biologically understudied and therefore poorly understood. As a result, no uniformly effective therapies exist for management, and until recently, there was a paucity of high-level evidence to support current treatments.
Topics: Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Humans
PubMed: 28538741
DOI: 10.12788/j.sder.2017.025 -
Facial Plastic Surgery : FPS Jun 2024It gives us great pleasure to guest edit this special edition on The Disfigured Face. We present a range of manuscripts covering the surgical and non-surgical aspects of...
It gives us great pleasure to guest edit this special edition on The Disfigured Face. We present a range of manuscripts covering the surgical and non-surgical aspects of managing facial paralysis. We are privileged to include articles from internationally renowned surgeons. We hope our readers enjoy reading these articles and should there be any questions, or errors, please do not hesitate to contact us Best wishes Eamon Shamil and Peter Andrews Facial Reanimation Multidisciplinary Team The Royal National ENT Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, England.
PubMed: 38834175
DOI: 10.1055/a-2338-0797 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2022Camouflage is defined as a combination of materials, colouration or illumination for concealing something. Skin camouflage therapy is the use of specially formulated... (Review)
Review
Camouflage is defined as a combination of materials, colouration or illumination for concealing something. Skin camouflage therapy is the use of specially formulated products to conceal skin diseases and disfigurements, with the goal of giving a temporarily normal appearance. It gives immediate relief in various dermatological disorders, especially those affecting the visible areas, which are known to be associated with profound psychosocial impact. Despite considerable evidence for its emotional benefits, its utilisation among dermatologists in clinical practice remains low. This article is intended to familiarise dermatologists with the use of skin camouflage therapy including its availability, indications, contraindications, techniques, limitations and future trends.
Topics: Humans; Cosmetics
PubMed: 36331849
DOI: 10.25259/IJDVL_765_2021 -
Current Opinion in Endocrinology,... Oct 2019Thyroid eye disease is a complex autoimmune disorder which causes substantial morbidity. It can result in orbital disfigurement, double vision, and visual loss.... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Thyroid eye disease is a complex autoimmune disorder which causes substantial morbidity. It can result in orbital disfigurement, double vision, and visual loss. Consequently, it has a substantial negative effect on quality of life, mental health, and socioeconomic status. Most signs and symptoms of thyroid eye disease (TED) can be explained by the expansion of the orbital contents. Steroids are the mainstay of treatment in TED. However, recurrence may occur once steroids are withdrawn. Furthermore, in most cases, normal orbital anatomy is not restored, and skilled rehabilitative surgery is required to reduce disfigurement, double vision, and to preserve vision. Therefore, novel, causal, and more efficacious treatment strategies are warranted.
RECENT FINDINGS
In the last decade, the pathophysiology of TED has also been revised with the identification of new potential therapeutic targets. Recent clinical trials have shown that considerable benefit may be derived from the addition of antiproliferative agents (e.g., mycophenolate sodium) in preventing deterioration after steroid cessation. In addition, targeted biologic therapies have shown promise, including teprotumumab (anti-IGFR) which appears to substantially reduce proptosis, rituximab (anti-CD20) which reduces inflammation and tocilizumab (anti-IL-6) which potentially benefits both of these parameters.
SUMMARY
This short review summarizes the recent research developments in this area.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Graves Ophthalmopathy; Humans; Immunotherapy; Rituximab
PubMed: 31356255
DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000493 -
Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Aug 2023Facial palsy causes profound facial disfigurement in addition to compromise of eye closure, speech articulation, oral competence, and emotive expression. Facial... (Review)
Review
Facial palsy causes profound facial disfigurement in addition to compromise of eye closure, speech articulation, oral competence, and emotive expression. Facial reanimation is paramount to reduce functional sequelae and improve patient quality of life. This article discusses facial nerve reconstruction focusing on the setting of head and neck reconstruction.
Topics: Humans; Facial Nerve; Quality of Life; Face; Facial Paralysis; Bell Palsy
PubMed: 37217366
DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2023.04.004 -
Biomedicines Apr 2021An estimated 15% of animals are venomous, with representatives spread across the majority of animal lineages. Animals use venoms for various purposes, such as prey...
An estimated 15% of animals are venomous, with representatives spread across the majority of animal lineages. Animals use venoms for various purposes, such as prey capture and predator deterrence. Humans have always been fascinated by venomous animals in a Janus-faced way. On the one hand, humans have a deeply rooted fear of venomous animals. This is boosted by their largely negative image in public media and the fact that snakes alone cause an annual global death toll in the hundreds of thousands, with even more people being left disabled or disfigured. Consequently, snake envenomation has recently been reclassified by the World Health Organization as a neglected tropical disease. On the other hand, there has been a growth in recent decades in the global scene of enthusiasts keeping venomous snakes, spiders, scorpions, and centipedes in captivity as pets. Recent scientific research has focussed on utilising animal venoms and toxins for the benefit of humanity in the form of molecular research tools, novel diagnostics and therapeutics, biopesticides, or anti-parasitic treatments. Continued research into developing efficient and safe antivenoms and promising discoveries of beneficial effects of animal toxins is further tipping the scales in favour of the "cure" rather than the "curse" prospect of venoms.
PubMed: 33921205
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040413 -
Acta Medica Croatica : Casopis... 2016Psychodermatologic disorders are conditions involving an interaction between the mind and the skin. Correlation between psychiatric and dermatological disorders is a... (Review)
Review
Psychodermatologic disorders are conditions involving an interaction between the mind and the skin. Correlation between psychiatric and dermatological disorders is a highly complex relation considering etiology, diagnostic procedures and treatment. There are three major groups of psychodermatological disorders: psychosomatic (psychophysiologic) disorders, primary psychiatric disorders and secondary psychiatric disorders. Psychosomatic disorders are dermatological diseases which can be exacerbated or worsened by emotional stress, but are not caused directly by stress. Emotional stress can exacerbate many chronic dermatoses like urticaria, eczema, psoriasis, acne, seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, psychogenic purpura, rosacea, atypical pain syndromes and hyperhidrosis. The treatment of patients with the resistant chronic dermatosis can be difficult when stress is not recognized as a provoking factor. Primary psychiatric disorders are psychiatric conditions which induce development of various skin changes, e.g trichotillomania, factitial dermatitis, neurotic excoriations, delusions of parasitosis and dysmorphophobia. They include psychiatric disorders with anxiety, compulsive- opsessive and depressive symptoms and pathologic delusional ideas or hallucinations regarding the skin. Secondary psychiatric disorders appear as a result of a certain disfiguring skin disease that induces psychologic suffering such as loss of self-confidence, anxiety and social phobia. This category includes diseases like psoriasis, chronic eczema, various ichthyosiform syndromes, rhinophyma, multiple neurofibromas, severe acne, and other cosmetically disfiguring cutaneous lesions. The therapeutic approach of psychodermatological disorders should be multidisciplinary including primary care physicians, dermatologist, psychiatrist and psychologist. It is very important to educate dermatologists in the diagnostic procedures and therapy of psychiatric disorders which sometimes coexist with the skin disease. Majority of psychodermatological disorders can be treated with cognitive-bihevioral psychotherapy, psychotherapeutic stress-and-anxiety-management techniques and psychotropic drugs. Psychopharmacologic treatment includes anxiolytics, antidepressants, antipsychotics and mood stabilizer.
Topics: Disease Management; Humans; Mental Disorders; Mind-Body Therapies; Psychophysiologic Disorders; Psychotropic Drugs; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 29087669
DOI: No ID Found -
Rozhledy V Chirurgii : Mesicnik... 2022Injuries of pectoralis major (PM) muscle are among rare muscle injuries. Due to the lack of experience and knowledge in this field, they are often missed or improperly...
Injuries of pectoralis major (PM) muscle are among rare muscle injuries. Due to the lack of experience and knowledge in this field, they are often missed or improperly treated. Most often they are caused by an indirect mechanism, during strength sports, typically using the bench press. In clinical terms, they are typically characterized by specific disorder of the anterior axillary fold and a hematoma and, after subsidence of the swelling, disfiguration with medial retraction of the muscle belly. The most beneficial imaging method to examine these injuries is MRI with an emphasis on a properly set protocol. According to the Cordasco classification, they are categorized as PM distensions, isolated and complete ruptures. Ruptures involve most frequently the musculotendinous junction and tendon insertion. Operative treatment is indicated in isolated complete ruptures of one portion and complete ruptures of both portions of the pectoralis major tendon, predominantly in young active patients with high functional demands. Surgery should be preferably performed without delay, within no more than 6 weeks, in order to ensure the best results. The most common operative technique is reinsertion of the muscle by means of implants or direct suture. In chronic ruptures, it is often necessary to perform a reconstruction with a tendon graft. The results are good, although worse as compared to an early treatment.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pectoralis Muscles; Rupture; Tendons
PubMed: 35667871
DOI: 10.33699/PIS.2022.101.5.211-226