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Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North... Aug 2021Trigeminal anesthesia may yield blindness and facial disfigurement, secondary to neurotrophic keratopathy and trigeminal trophic syndrome. This article summarizes... (Review)
Review
Trigeminal anesthesia may yield blindness and facial disfigurement, secondary to neurotrophic keratopathy and trigeminal trophic syndrome. This article summarizes contemporary medical and emerging surgical approaches for the therapeutic management of this rare and devastating disease state.
Topics: Anesthesia; Cornea; Corneal Diseases; Humans; Nerve Transfer; Trigeminal Nerve Diseases
PubMed: 34217450
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2021.03.011 -
International Journal of Dermatology Jul 2018Nail changes are a common feature of alopecia areata (AA) and are a significant source of cosmetic disfigurement and functional impairment. This review provides an... (Review)
Review
Nail changes are a common feature of alopecia areata (AA) and are a significant source of cosmetic disfigurement and functional impairment. This review provides an update of the prevalence, clinical and histopathological features, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, clinical course, prognosis, and management of nail changes in patients with AA. Searches for peer-reviewed journal articles were conducted using the PubMed/MEDLINE database with the search terms "nail changes alopecia areata," "alopecia areata nails," and specific searches on "trachyonychia alopecia areata" and "pitting alopecia areata." Other sources of articles included the reference lists of retrieved articles. Nail changes are a common feature of AA, with an average prevalence of 30%, and can cause significant disfigurement and loss of function. Pitting and trachyonychia were by far the most common manifestations of AA, with an average prevalence of 20 and 8%, respectively. Red spotted lunulae, onycholysis, and punctate leukonychia were other reported findings. Other etiologies, such as onychomycosis or lichen planus, may coexist with or confound the diagnosis. There is limited published data on the clinical manifestations of AA-associated nail changes and therapeutic options. Larger controlled trials are necessary to guide treatment decisions.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Alopecia Areata; Humans; Janus Kinase Inhibitors; Nails, Malformed
PubMed: 29318582
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13866 -
Current Problems in Dermatology 2022Medical tattoos are used for camouflage of a wide range of disfiguring skin pathologies and conditions. Recently, tattooing of the nipple and areola of the breast has... (Review)
Review
Medical tattoos are used for camouflage of a wide range of disfiguring skin pathologies and conditions. Recently, tattooing of the nipple and areola of the breast has been introduced as a corrective treatment of sequelae from breast cancer surgery and radiotherapy. The psychologic impact of a disfigured nipple and areola can invalidate self-esteem of the sufferer lifelong with major consequences for social life. Medical tattooing can often restore the visual appearance of the nipple-areolar complex back to normality and even improve the 3D impression of the entire breast. High skills of the operator are needed. The article reviews the theoretical background, patient selection and information, technical performance, and aftercare. Close cooperation between surgeon, dermatologist, and medical tattooist is essential. Medical centers treating breast cancer should routinely have access to corrective medical tattooing.
Topics: Humans; Female; Mammaplasty; Breast Neoplasms; Nipples; Mastectomy; Tattooing; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast
PubMed: 37263222
DOI: 10.1159/000526195 -
Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation Dec 2020Face transplantation represents vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) organ and became one of the most rewarding reconstructive options for severely... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Face transplantation represents vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) organ and became one of the most rewarding reconstructive options for severely disfigured patients. This review summarizes the past, current and future challenges of face transplantation, based on our experience and literature reports.
RECENT FINDINGS
In 2005, first partial face transplantation was reported by French team. In 2008, we have performed the US first near-total face transplantation. Currently, more than 40 face transplant cases were reported worldwide. Based on the outcomes of our three patients and the literature reports, face transplantation improved aesthetics, function and the quality of life of face transplant patients. However, there are still many challenges encountered including the side effects of immunosuppressive protocols, the psychological and social problems as well as the financial challenges which need to be address in the near future to maintain face transplantation in the armamentarium of reconstructive surgery.
SUMMARY
Currently, feasibility of face transplantation was confirmed; however, the life-long immunosuppressive protocols bearing serious side effects are still required to prevent face rejection. Thus, for the future of face and other VCA, novel approaches of cell-based therapies or engineered scaffolds should be developed to make face transplantation safer.
Topics: Facial Transplantation; Humans; Quality of Life
PubMed: 33044347
DOI: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000812 -
Annals of Surgery Aug 2018: The first facial transplantation in 2005 ushered in a new era in reconstructive surgery, offering new possibilities for the repair of severe disfigurements previously... (Review)
Review
: The first facial transplantation in 2005 ushered in a new era in reconstructive surgery, offering new possibilities for the repair of severe disfigurements previously limited by conventional techniques. Advances in allograft design, computerized preoperative planning, surgical technique, and postoperative revisions have helped push the boundaries in this new frontier of vascularized composite allotransplantation. Over the past 12 years, 40 of these procedures have been performed across the world, offering the field the opportunity to reflect on current outcomes. Successes achieved in the brief history of facial transplantation have resulted in a new set of obstacles the field must now overcome. In this review, we aim to highlight the achievements, major challenges, and future directions of this rapidly evolving field.
Topics: Facial Transplantation; Humans; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Patient Selection; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 29489486
DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000002723 -
Boletin Medico Del Hospital Infantil de... 2019Infantile hemagiomas (IH) are the most common soft tissue tumors in infancy. They are characterized by significant growth during the first months of life, followed by... (Review)
Review
Infantile hemagiomas (IH) are the most common soft tissue tumors in infancy. They are characterized by significant growth during the first months of life, followed by slow spontaneous involution over the ensuring years. The process of involution takes several years, but usually the regression of most of the tumors ends at 4 years of age. Unfortunately, some of the IH develop complications, resulting in functional impairment, pain and disfigurement. The decision to start treatment and the choice of the best therapeutic option (topic or systemic) should be individualized depending on several factors: the size of the lesion, the location, the presence of complications such as ulceration, the risk of scarring or disfigurement, the age of the patient, the rate of growth or regression at the time of diagnosis, the risks and benefits of the treatment, the availability of the medication, the costs, and the experience of the attending physician.
Topics: Age Factors; Child, Preschool; Cicatrix; Hemangioma; Humans; Infant
PubMed: 31303649
DOI: 10.24875/BMHIM.19000002 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutical... 2022Although scarring is often considered trivial when compared to the seriousness of the incident that caused the wound, if the scarring is in a part of the body that...
Although scarring is often considered trivial when compared to the seriousness of the incident that caused the wound, if the scarring is in a part of the body that is not easy to conceal, it can be aesthetically unpleasant and/ or disfiguring, which may cause anxiety and distress to the patient and reduce their quality of life. Evidence from case studies conducted on pracaxi and copaiba oil has indicated that both oils were effective in scar management. The purpose of this article was to analyze the potential topical use of either copaiba oil or pracaxi oil as part of compounded wound- and scar-care preparations.
Topics: Cicatrix; Fabaceae; Humans; Oils, Volatile; Plant Oils; Quality of Life
PubMed: 35820132
DOI: No ID Found -
The Behavioral and Brain Sciences Mar 2022The target article misrepresents the foundations of integrated information theory (IIT) and ignores many essential publications. It, thus, falls to this lead commentary...
The target article misrepresents the foundations of integrated information theory (IIT) and ignores many essential publications. It, thus, falls to this lead commentary to outline the axioms and postulates of IIT and correct major misconceptions. The commentary also explains why IIT starts from phenomenology and why it predicts that only select physical substrates can support consciousness. Finally, it highlights that IIT's account of experience - a cause-effect structure quantified by integrated information - has nothing to do with "information transfer."
Topics: Consciousness; Humans; Information Theory; Models, Neurological
PubMed: 35319429
DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X21001990 -
Journal of Laboratory Physicians Mar 2020Dermatophytes are fungi parasitizing structures rich in keratin such as skin, hair, and nail, which leads to a dermal inflammatory response with intense itching and...
Dermatophytes are fungi parasitizing structures rich in keratin such as skin, hair, and nail, which leads to a dermal inflammatory response with intense itching and cosmetic disfigurement. The climatic condition of eastern India is predominantly hot and humid with severe rainfalls promoting fungal infection. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of dermatophytosis and to isolate and identify the dermatophyte from clinically suspected cases attending tertiary care center. This study was conducted from April 2018 to March 2019 and a total of 1,200 samples were included. Skin scrapings were collected and examined microscopically using 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount. Culture was performed using Sabouraud dextrose agar and dermatophyte test medium. Speciation was done based on macroscopic and microscopic findings using lactophenol cotton blue staining and some special tests like urease test and slide culture. Of 1,200 cases, tinea corporis was the most common clinical presentation. Direct KOH positivity was 89.4% and culture positivity was 61.75%. (77.5%) was the most common dermatophyte isolated followed by (13.3%). Dermatophytic infections are not serious but their propensity to persist leading to chronicity and disfigurement may have personal and social implications.
PubMed: 32792788
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713063 -
European Journal of Cancer Care Jan 2021An emerging body of work has reported on the psychological impact of disfigurement on cancer patients; however, the extent of research focusing on stigmatisation in this... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
An emerging body of work has reported on the psychological impact of disfigurement on cancer patients; however, the extent of research focusing on stigmatisation in this context is unclear. This review aimed to evaluate how stigma associated with disfigurement impacts on cancer patients.
METHODS
A systematic review of literature was conducted using SCOPUS, Web of Science, MEDLINE and PubMed databases. Articles were included if they described a qualitative or quantitative study that investigated the impact of stigma and disfigurement on individuals with cancer and/or their families. Included studies were appraised for methodology and narratively synthesised.
RESULTS
Of the 16 studies which met the inclusion criteria, ten were qualitative and six were quantitative. Publication dates ranged from 1994 to 2020. Results highlighted the varying impact of felt and enacted stigma in people with cancer disfigurement. While individuals cope with stigma in different ways and outcomes can sometimes be positive, most articles documented a negative impact to well-being including emotions such as disgust and shame.
CONCLUSION
This review identified negative and (sometimes) positive consequences of disfigurement and stigma on cancer patients; however, the main finding is that relevant research is in its infancy. Several areas of future research are warranted.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Humans; Neoplasms; Shame; Social Stigma; Stereotyping
PubMed: 32896036
DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13327