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International Ophthalmology Jun 2024Papilledema is the optic disc swelling caused by increased intracranial pressure (ICP) that can damage the optic nerve and cause subsequent vision loss.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Papilledema is the optic disc swelling caused by increased intracranial pressure (ICP) that can damage the optic nerve and cause subsequent vision loss. Pseudopapilledema refers to optic disc elevation without peripapillary fluid that can arise from several optic disc disorders, with optic disc drusen (ODD) being the most frequent cause. Occasionally, pseudopapilledema patients are mistakenly diagnosed as papilledema, leading to the possibility of unneeded procedures. We aim to thoroughly examine the most current evidence on papilledema and pseudopapilledema causes and several methods for distinguishing between both conditions.
METHODS
An extensive literature search was conducted on electronic databases including PubMed and google scholar using keywords that were relevant to the assessed pathologies. Data were collected and then summarized in comprehensive form.
RESULTS
Various techniques are employed to distinguish between papilledema and pseudopapilledema. These techniques include Fundus fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Lumbar puncture and other invasive procedures may be needed if results are suspicious.
CONCLUSION
Papilledema is a sight-threatening condition that may lead to visual affection. Many disc conditions may mimic papilledema. Accordingly, differentiation between papilledema and pseudopailledema is crucial and can be conducted through many modalities.
Topics: Papilledema; Humans; Diagnosis, Differential; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Fluorescein Angiography; Optic Disk; Eye Diseases, Hereditary; Optic Nerve Diseases; Fundus Oculi; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Optic Disk Drusen
PubMed: 38916684
DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-03215-5 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jul 2023Sulopenem disk masses of 2, 5, 10, and 20 μg were evaluated by susceptibility testing isolates by broth microdilution and disk diffusion. A 2-μg disk was chosen, and...
Sulopenem disk masses of 2, 5, 10, and 20 μg were evaluated by susceptibility testing isolates by broth microdilution and disk diffusion. A 2-μg disk was chosen, and error-rate bounding analysis in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline M23 was conducted using a proposed sulopenem susceptible/intermediate/resistant (S/I/R) interpretive criterion of ≤0.5/1/≥2 μg/mL. Among the evaluated ( = 2,856), very few interpretive errors were observed (no very major errors and only one major error). An eight-laboratory quality control (QC) study was performed using the 2-μg disk, and 99.0% (470/475) of results were within a 7-mm range of 24 to 30 mm. Results were similar by disk lot and media, and no outlier sites were observed. A sulopenem 2-μg disk QC range for Escherichia coli 29522 of 24 to 30 mm was established by the CLSI. A 2-μg sulopenem disk performs accurately and reproducibly for testing of .
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Lactams; Quality Control; Escherichia coli
PubMed: 37358462
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00246-23 -
Journal Francais D'ophtalmologie Sep 2019Congenital abnormalities of the optic disc are not uncommon in clinical practice and should be recognized. Size abnormalities of the optic disc include optic disc... (Review)
Review
Congenital abnormalities of the optic disc are not uncommon in clinical practice and should be recognized. Size abnormalities of the optic disc include optic disc aplasia, hypoplasia, megalopapilla, and optic disc cupping in prematurity. Among congenital excavations of the optic disc head, morning glory disc anomaly and optic disc pit can be complicated by serous retinal detachment; the papillorenal disc is an association of bilateral optic disc cupping and renal hypoplasia which should be ruled out; optic disc coloboma is caused by an abnormal closure of the embryonic fissure and can be complicated by choroidal neovascularization and retinal detachment. Other abnormalities that will be discussed are congenital tilted disc syndrome, duplicity of the optic disc head, congenital pigmentation of the optic disc head and myelinated retinal nerve fibers. All of these abnormalities can be associated with syndromes and neurological diseases, as well as other potentially blinding ophthalmological defects which can be secondarily complicated by amblyopia, strabismus and nystagmus. Thus, they should be recognized in order to plan for appropriate follow-up.
Topics: Coloboma; Eye Abnormalities; Humans; Optic Disk; Optic Nerve
PubMed: 30935696
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2018.09.011 -
The Journal of Craniofacial SurgeryOpen disk repositioning has been long achieving excellent functional and stability outcomes. However, still remains some relapses for whom a second open surgery is often...
PURPOSE
Open disk repositioning has been long achieving excellent functional and stability outcomes. However, still remains some relapses for whom a second open surgery is often challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of arthroscopic disk reposition as an alternative surgery for unsuccessful cases of anterior disk displacement (ADD) after an initial open disk repositioning.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This retrospective study included all patients who underwent secondary arthroscopy for disk repositioning of the relapsed ADD after an initial open surgery between January 2012 to June 2017. The redo arthroscopic disk repositioning and suturing procedure was the primary predictor input variable in this study. Outcome evaluation was based on both clinical (visual analog scale and maximal interincisal opening) and magnetic resonance imaging data.
RESULTS
Twenty-seven joints fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included. A significant improvement was detected at 24-month postoperatively compared with the baseline visual analog scale. The maximal interincisal opening showed a statistical improvement from 25.07 mm preoperatively to 38.44 mm at 24-month postoperatively. Twenty-six joints maintained a stable disk position with only 1 joint relapsed to ADD without reduction.
CONCLUSION
Arthroscopic disk reposition and suturing technique is a reliable and effective repeat surgery after failed initial open disk repositioning for management of ADD.
Topics: Humans; Temporomandibular Joint Disc; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Retrospective Studies; Drug Repositioning; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Arthroscopy; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Joint Dislocations
PubMed: 35949030
DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000008867 -
Journal de Mycologie Medicale Nov 2023The therapeutic management of invasive aspergillosis should be guided by antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST). The disk diffusion (DD) method due to its simplicity... (Review)
Review
The therapeutic management of invasive aspergillosis should be guided by antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST). The disk diffusion (DD) method due to its simplicity and low cost could be an appropriate alternative to the reference methods (CLSI, EUCAST) which are not suitable for AFST in routine clinical microbiology laboratories, particularly in resource-constrained settings. This review summarizes the available data on the performance of the DD method in determining triazole susceptibility profile of Aspergillus species. The published articles on the performance of DD method for determining triazole susceptibility of Aspergillus spp. were systematically searched on major medical databases and Google Scholar. We identified 2725 articles of which 13 met the inclusion criteria. The overall average agreement value obtained between DD and CLSI broth microdilution (CLSI-BMD) methods for the itraconazole 10 µg disk (70.75%) was low especially when the medium used was not Mueller-Hinton (MH) agar. In contrast average agreement for the voriconazole 1 µg disk and the posaconazole 5 µg disk were > 94% regardless of media used. The correlation coefficient values between the DD and CLSI-BMD methods on MH agar were acceptable (≥ 0.71) for the itraconazole 10 µg disk and posaconazole 5 µg disk and good (≥ 0.80) for the voriconazole 1 and 10 µg disk. The reproducibility of the DD method regardless to the medium used was ≥ 82%. This systematic review shows that the disk diffusion method could be a real alternative for triazole antifungals susceptibility testing of Aspergillus spp.
Topics: Voriconazole; Itraconazole; Agar; Reproducibility of Results; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Antifungal Agents; Triazoles; Aspergillus
PubMed: 37603962
DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2023.101413 -
Analytical Chemistry Oct 2022This manuscript details the first report of a complete additively manufactured rotating disk electrode setup, highlighting how high-performing equipment can be designed...
This manuscript details the first report of a complete additively manufactured rotating disk electrode setup, highlighting how high-performing equipment can be designed and produced rapidly using additive manufacturing without compromising on performance. The additively manufactured rotating disk electrode system was printed using a predominantly acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) based filament and used widely available, low-cost electronics, and simplified machined parts to create. The additively manufactured rotating disk electrode system costs less than 2% of a comparable commercial solution (£84.47 ($102.26) total). The rotating disk electrode is also additively manufactured using a carbon black/polylactic acid (CB/PLA) equivalent, developing a completely additively manufactured rotating disk electrode system. The electrochemical characterization of the additively manufactured rotating disk electrode setup was performed using hexaamineruthenium(III) chloride and compared favorably with a commercial glassy carbon electrode. Finally, this work shows how the additively manufactured rotating disk electrode experimental system and additive manufactured electrodes can be utilized for the electroanalytical determination of levodopa, a drug used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, producing a limit of detection of 0.23 ± 0.03 μM. This work represents a step-change in how additive manufacturing can be used in research, allowing the production of high-end equipment for hugely reduced costs, without compromising on performance. Utilizing additive manufacturing in this way could greatly enhance the research possibilities for less well-funded research groups.
Topics: Acrylonitrile; Butadienes; Carbon; Chlorides; Electrodes; Levodopa; Polyesters; Soot; Styrenes
PubMed: 36129134
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02884 -
PloS One 2022While zebrafish represent an important model for the study of the visual system, visual perception in this species is still less investigated than in other teleost fish....
While zebrafish represent an important model for the study of the visual system, visual perception in this species is still less investigated than in other teleost fish. In this work, we validated for zebrafish two versions of a visual discrimination learning task, which is based on the motivation to reach food and companions. Using this task, we investigated zebrafish ability to discriminate between two different shape pairs (i.e., disk vs. cross and full vs. amputated disk). Once zebrafish were successfully trained to discriminate a full from an amputated disk, we also tested their ability to visually complete partially occluded objects (amodal completion). After training, animals were presented with two amputated disks. In these test stimuli, another shape was either exactly juxtaposed or only placed close to the missing sectors of the disk. Only the former stimulus should elicit amodal completion. In human observers, this stimulus causes the impression that the other shape is occluding the missing sector of the disk, which is thus perceived as a complete, although partially hidden, disk. In line with our predictions, fish reinforced on the full disk chose the stimulus eliciting amodal completion, while fish reinforced on the amputated disk chose the other stimulus. This represents the first demonstration of amodal completion perception in zebrafish. Moreover, our results also indicated that a specific shape pair (disk vs. cross) might be particularly difficult to discriminate for this species, confirming previous reports obtained with different procedures.
Topics: Animals; Discrimination Learning; Discrimination, Psychological; Form Perception; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Visual Perception; Zebrafish
PubMed: 35235595
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264127 -
Journal of AAPOS : the Official... Apr 2020To investigate the contraction mechanism of morning glory disk anomaly using computer-assisted analysis of the cyclic contractions frame by frame and to review the... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To investigate the contraction mechanism of morning glory disk anomaly using computer-assisted analysis of the cyclic contractions frame by frame and to review the literature on contractile morning glory disk anomaly cases.
METHODS
The fundus video of the patient under anesthesia was recorded using RetCam C300 lens. Frames at 1 second intervals were extracted to quality-preserving TIFF images and manually selected areas of cup, disk, and pigmented ring were measured with image analysis software. Measurements were repeated twice, and estimated uncertainties were calculated.
RESULTS
Two full-contraction phases and 1 half- and 1 full-dilation phase were recorded and analyzed. At the end of the second dilation phase, cup, disk, and pigmented ring were dilated to 93.7%, 97.6%, and 98.3% of their areas after first dilation. At the end of the second contraction cup, disk and pigmented ring areas remained 1.24, 1.01, and 1.01 times larger, respectively, than the areas at the end of the first contraction.
CONCLUSIONS
Ectopic cholinergic muscle contraction alone is unlikely to explain the cyclic contraction dilation movements under constant stimulus. Potentially present smooth muscle cells can be provoked by the stretch caused by the influx of fluid into the subretinal space. Change in spatial configuration and oscillations with decreasing magnitudes can be explained by decreasing contractions due to decreasing stretch with decreasing fluid influx in each cycle after the initial triggering of outside pressure, causing the greatest pressure gradient and the greatest fluid influx.
Topics: Fundus Oculi; Humans; Muscle Contraction; Optic Disk; Optic Nerve
PubMed: 32224283
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2020.01.009 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2021Intervertebral disk degeneration (IVDD) is a leading cause of disability. The degeneration is inevitable, and the mechanisms are complex. Current therapeutic strategies... (Review)
Review
Intervertebral disk degeneration (IVDD) is a leading cause of disability. The degeneration is inevitable, and the mechanisms are complex. Current therapeutic strategies mainly focus on the relief of symptoms, not the intrinsic regeneration of the intervertebral disk (IVD). Tissue engineering is a promising strategy for IVDD due to its ability to restore a healthy microenvironment and promote IVD regeneration. This review briefly summarizes the IVD anatomy and composition and then sets out elements of the microenvironment and the interactions. We rationalized different scaffolds based on tissue engineering strategies used recently. To fulfill the complete restoration of a healthy IVD microenvironment, we propose that various tissue engineering strategies should be combined and customized to create personalized therapeutic strategies for each individual.
PubMed: 34354983
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.592118 -
World Neurosurgery Dec 2023Herniated thoracic disk has an incidence of 1/1 million. Treatment options for a calcified herniated disk include conservative management or diskectomy with or without...
Herniated thoracic disk has an incidence of 1/1 million. Treatment options for a calcified herniated disk include conservative management or diskectomy with or without fusion. We describe a patient who presented a year ago with a 5-month history of back pain, thoracic radiculopathy, and normal physical examination. Imaging revealed a giant calcified herniated thoracic disk at T10-T11. She underwent epidural steroid injections and chiropractic manipulation. Imaging obtained at 1-year follow-up showed near-complete resorption of the calcified thoracic disk.
Topics: Female; Humans; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Back Pain; Diskectomy; Radiculopathy; Thoracic Vertebrae
PubMed: 37778626
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.09.102