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Journal of Trauma & Dissociation : the... 2023After the changes in DSM-5, dissociative subtype was added to post-traumatic stress disorder. That caused a necessity for a scale to measure the mentioned change. A...
After the changes in DSM-5, dissociative subtype was added to post-traumatic stress disorder. That caused a necessity for a scale to measure the mentioned change. A scale named Dissociative Subtype of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (DSPS) was developed to measure this subtype and help the diagnosis. The purpose of this study is to adapt the Dissociative Subtype of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder to Turkish and examine its reliability and validity. The Dissociative Subtype of PTSD (DSPS) was translated into Turkish. DSPS, Turkish forms of The Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale and Dissociative Experiences Scale were sent to participants via Google Forms and data from 279 people aged 18-45 were analyzed. Reliability tests and factor analysis were conducted. Factor analysis showed that scale has good model fit scores and items were loaded to the factors the same as the original study. Scales internal consistency was examined, and a good score was obtained (α=.84). Fit index values of confirmatory factor analysis were found as χ2/df = 2.51, GFI=.90, RMSEA=.07, RMR=.02. As a result of the high reliability scores and sufficient model fit scores, this scale is considered as a dependable measure to evaluate the dissociative subtype of PTSD.
Topics: Humans; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Reproducibility of Results; Dissociative Disorders; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Depersonalization
PubMed: 36994469
DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2023.2195396 -
The Journal of Nervous and Mental... Feb 2021Both borderline personality features and dissociative symptoms have been associated with different types of childhood trauma. The aim of this investigation was to...
Both borderline personality features and dissociative symptoms have been associated with different types of childhood trauma. The aim of this investigation was to analyze to what extent emotional, physical, and sexual child maltreatment predict borderline personality features and dissociative symptoms. For this purpose, we analyzed data from 86 consecutively admitted patients who completed the Borderline Symptom List, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and the German version of the Dissociative Experiences Scale for differential diagnosis of a borderline personality disorder. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that borderline features were mainly predicted by emotional abuse, whereas pathological dissociation was best predicted by sexual and physical abuse. This evidence supports the hypothesis that different kinds of maltreatment may lead to different psychopathological symptoms in adulthood and should be taken into account in the therapy.
Topics: Adult; Adult Survivors of Child Abuse; Borderline Personality Disorder; Child; Child Abuse; Child Abuse, Sexual; Dissociative Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Regression Analysis; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 33208712
DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001270 -
European Journal of Psychotraumatology 2023Recent studies found that post-traumatic and dissociative symptoms are common in people with depressive symptoms. Although a trauma-related subtype of depression has...
BACKGROUND
Recent studies found that post-traumatic and dissociative symptoms are common in people with depressive symptoms. Although a trauma-related subtype of depression has been proposed, little is known about the persistence and clinical consequences of these symptoms.
OBJECTIVE
This one-year follow-up study investigated the persistence and clinical consequences of post-traumatic and dissociative symptoms in people with depressive symptoms.
METHODS
We analyzed longitudinal data from an international sample of people self-reporting depressive emotions ( = 152) (mean Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score = 17.27; SD = 6.31).
RESULTS
More than half (58.4%) of participants with baseline post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) still met the criteria for PTSD after one year. Participants with dissociative symptoms at baseline were significantly more likely to report lifetime psychiatric hospitalization (31.2% vs 14.7%), past-year use of psychiatric hospitalization (10.4% vs 0%) and emergency services (16.9% vs 4%) than those without dissociative symptoms. All post-traumatic and dissociative symptom clusters were cross-sectionally ( = .286 to .528, < .001) and longitudinally ( = .181 to .462, < .001) correlated with depressive symptoms. A sense of current threat ( = .146, < .05) and negative self-concept ( = .173, < .05) at baseline significantly predicted depressive symptoms after one year.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings contribute to the increasing body of knowledge regarding the PTSD/dissociation-depression comorbidity. Given their persistence and clinical consequences, we recommend that post-traumatic and dissociative symptoms be regularly screened for in clinical settings. The existence of a possible trauma-related subtype of depression should receive more attention in both research and clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Follow-Up Studies; Depression; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Comorbidity; Dissociative Disorders
PubMed: 37818716
DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2263314 -
Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B May 2020Nonepileptic attack disorder (NEAD) and functional movement disorder (FMD) are functional neurological disorders commonly seen in neuropsychiatry services. Although...
Nonepileptic attack disorder (NEAD) and functional movement disorder (FMD) are functional neurological disorders commonly seen in neuropsychiatry services. Although their initial referral pathways involve epileptologists (NEAD) and specialists in movement disorders (FMD), these conditions are currently classified as two possible manifestations of a single underlying conversion disorder. We set out to compare the characteristics of patients with NEAD and patients with FMD in order to quantify the degree of overlap between these patient groups. We retrospectively reviewed comprehensive clinical data from 146 consecutive patients with functional neurological disorders (NEAD: n = 117; FMD: n = 29) attending a specialist Neuropsychiatry Clinic run by a single Consultant in Behavioral Neurology. The two clinical groups were directly compared with regard to demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as somatic and psychiatric presentations. The results showed that in most features, there were no significant differences between patients with NEAD and patients with FMD. However, patients with NEAD reported an earlier age at onset (p = 0.033) and a higher proportion of acute onset (p = 0.037), alterations of consciousness (p = 0.001), and headache (p = 0.042), whereas patients with FMD reported a higher prevalence of childhood abuse (p = 0.008), as well as mobility problems (p = 0.007) and comorbid functional symptoms (dysarthria, p = 0.004; dizziness, p = 0.035; weakness, p = 0.049). Despite different phenotypic presentations, NEAD and FMD might represent a clinical continuum, with relevant implications in terms of both diagnostic strategies and treatment approaches.
Topics: Adult; Conversion Disorder; Disease Progression; Dissociative Disorders; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Movement Disorders; Psychophysiologic Disorders; Retrospective Studies; Seizures
PubMed: 32203928
DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107028 -
European Journal of Psychotraumatology 2022The overlapping symptoms of schizophrenia and dissociation have been increasingly recognized. This paper explains why it is reasonable to expect that there would be a...
The overlapping symptoms of schizophrenia and dissociation have been increasingly recognized. This paper explains why it is reasonable to expect that there would be a substantial subgroup of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) who suffer from pathological dissociation. As little is known about the prevalence of dissociative disorders and symptoms among patients with SSDs, we investigated the prevalence of dissociative disorders and symptoms among patients with SSDs. We used both self-report measures and structured interviews to examine dissociative disorders and symptoms in a randomly recruited sample of inpatients with a clinical diagnosis of SSDs in Taiwan ( = 100). Over 60% of participants exhibited pathological dissociation, and 54% had a dissociative disorder according to structured interview data; three participants met the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for dissociative identity disorder. The concurrent validity of pathological dissociation in this sample was similar to that of depression among patients with schizophrenia reported in the literature. Participants with a dissociative disorder were more likely to report high-betrayal traumas and meet DSM-5 criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder; they also reported more psychotic symptoms than those without a dissociative disorder. This was one of very few studies that used structured interviews to examine pathological dissociation in patients with SSDs. The results indicate that pathological dissociation in SSDs is not uncommon. Clinical assessment should include measures of dissociation to facilitate early identification.
Topics: Dissociative Disorders; Humans; Inpatients; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Taiwan
PubMed: 35979506
DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2022.2105576 -
Psychological Trauma : Theory,... Sep 2017Research with partner-violent men has found that a subset of this population reports dissociative experiences during their violence (e.g., inability to remember violence...
OBJECTIVE
Research with partner-violent men has found that a subset of this population reports dissociative experiences during their violence (e.g., inability to remember violence [despite admission that it had occurred]; flashbacks during violence). However, the literature examining this phenomenon has been primarily limited to clinical observations and case studies, and there is a need for more thorough empirical investigation regarding the prevalence and correlates of dissociative violence among individuals in intimate partner violence (IPV) intervention programs. The primary goals of this study were to provide descriptive information about the rates of endorsement of dissociative experiences during IPV perpetration and to examine their associations with trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms.
METHOD
Participants were 302 men presenting for services at a community-based IPV intervention program. All variables were assessed via self-report and clinician interview at program intake.
RESULTS
Results indicated that 22.2% of participants reported 1 or more dissociative experiences during partner violence perpetration. Additionally, frequency of dissociative IPV perpetration showed significant positive correlations with the total number of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) reported and PTSD symptoms, with effect sizes in the small and medium ranges of magnitude, respectively. Finally, PTSD symptoms significantly mediated the relationship between total number of PTEs and dissociative IPV perpetration.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings indicate a potentially meaningful relationship between trauma, PTSD symptoms, and dissociative experiences during IPV perpetration. Further qualitative and quantitative investigation is needed to better understand this phenomenon and how it can be addressed in IPV treatment. (PsycINFO Database Record
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Dissociative Disorders; Humans; Interview, Psychological; Intimate Partner Violence; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Psychological; Prevalence; Self Report; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Young Adult
PubMed: 27710001
DOI: 10.1037/tra0000205 -
The Journal of Nervous and Mental... Mar 2024Dissociative identity disorder (DID) has historically been one of the most controversial topics in the study of psychopathology. Building on a previous review of... (Review)
Review
Dissociative identity disorder (DID) has historically been one of the most controversial topics in the study of psychopathology. Building on a previous review of empirical research on DID from 2000 to 2010, the present review examined DID research from 2011 to 2021. The research output included 56 case studies and 104 empirical studies. Within the empirical studies, approximately 1354 new cases of DID emerged, which resulted in an average samples of approximately 20. Reanalysis of previous samples was standard in the literature with only 40% of reported cases being new. Studies emerged from dozens of countries across the world, but the majority of cases were from Western counties, especially the United States. Diagnosis primarily relied upon validated measures, but 74% of all new cases came from six research groups. Overall, research on DID is steady but methodologically limited in ways that make generalization, especially about etiology, difficult.
Topics: Humans; Dissociative Identity Disorder; Dissociative Disorders
PubMed: 38412243
DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001764 -
Journal of Trauma & Dissociation : the... 2015We reviewed research on the relationship between (a) exposure to psychological trauma and (b) nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidality (suicidal ideation [SI] and... (Review)
Review
We reviewed research on the relationship between (a) exposure to psychological trauma and (b) nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidality (suicidal ideation [SI] and suicide attempts [SA]) in individuals with dissociative disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The review provides a context for the special issue of the Journal of Trauma & Dissociation on these topics. Exposure to childhood sexual abuse is the most consistent traumatic antecedent of self-harm, although traumatic violence in childhood (particularly physical abuse) and adulthood (particularly domestic violence) and exposure to multiple types of traumatic stressors also are associated with NSSI and SI/SA. Dissociative disorders and PTSD are consistently associated with increased NSSI and SA/SI. There is preliminary cross-sectional evidence that dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorders may mediate the relationship between psychological trauma and NSSI and SI/SA. Research on emotion dysregulation as a potential cross-cutting mechanism linking dissociation, PTSD, and self-harm is also reviewed. We conclude with a discussion of implications for clinical practice and future directions for scientific research.
Topics: Adult; Adult Survivors of Child Abuse; Child; Child Abuse, Sexual; Dissociative Disorders; Emotions; Humans; Risk Factors; Self-Injurious Behavior; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide
PubMed: 25758363
DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2015.989563 -
European Journal of Psychotraumatology 2022We present a case study of the remission of a chemically resistant schizophrenia disorder after a single session of EMDR. Our patient had been followed-up for...
We present a case study of the remission of a chemically resistant schizophrenia disorder after a single session of EMDR. Our patient had been followed-up for schizophrenia according to DSM5 criteria, since 4 years. During our subject's fourth hospitalization for major delirious decompensation, a single EMDR session, according to the standard protocol, resulted in a complete and total remission of the delirious disorder and the disorganization/dissociative syndrome in 8 weeks. This allowed us to interrupt the patient's antipsychotic treatment without relapse at 18 months. This case study allows us to highlight, as many authors have previously done, the necessity of researching the traumatic history of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia in order to provide therapies focused on traumatic dissociation. It also questions the relevance of our diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia and other dissociative disorders.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Clozapine; Dissociative Disorders; Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing; Humans; Male; Remission, Spontaneous; Schizophrenia, Treatment-Resistant
PubMed: 35140878
DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.2014660 -
Medecine Sciences : M/S Apr 2023The category of dissociative identity disorder (DID) has puzzled medical science and fascinated popular culture for almost 200 years. Its occurrence in young people...
The category of dissociative identity disorder (DID) has puzzled medical science and fascinated popular culture for almost 200 years. Its occurrence in young people raises at least two new questions addressed by science studies and embedded philosophy: self-diagnosis (related to cyberchondria and mass media-induced illness) and transient disease (related to looping effect and identity claim specific to adolescence). In an attempt to refine the sociocognitive model, we analyze the impact of these notions in understanding the local ecological niche in which contemporary adolescent DID occurs.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Dissociative Identity Disorder; Dissociative Disorders
PubMed: 37094271
DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2023042