-
Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista... 2022Basil (Ocimum basilicum) is a medicinal, ornamental and aromatic plant, however, its size can be an obstacle to its commercialization as a potted ornamental plant....
Basil (Ocimum basilicum) is a medicinal, ornamental and aromatic plant, however, its size can be an obstacle to its commercialization as a potted ornamental plant. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a substance that can retard plant growth by inhibiting the synthesis of gibberellins. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of paclobutrazol on growth regulation and gas exchange of basil (var. Cinnamon). The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with five treatments (PBZ doses: 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mg L-1), with eight replicates. Growth (plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf dry mass, stem dry mass, inflorescence dry mass, and total), growth rates (leaf mass ratio, stem mass ratio, inflorescence mass ratio, and robustness quotient), chlorophyll indices, gas exchange (gs, A, E, Ci, WUE, iWUE and iCE) were evaluated. Paclobutrazol reduced the growth of basil plants and increased the chlorophyll indices, A, gs, and WUE. Paclobutrazol can be used to regulate plant growth of basil plants var. Cinnamon, without altering its physiological and ornamental characteristics.
Topics: Chlorophyll; Ocimum basilicum; Plant Leaves; Triazoles
PubMed: 35857950
DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.262364 -
Wilderness & Environmental Medicine Mar 2016Sports ice climbing (SIC) is developing rapidly as an independent sport with Olympic potentials. To date there has been no prior systematic evaluation of injury risks...
OBJECTIVE
Sports ice climbing (SIC) is developing rapidly as an independent sport with Olympic potentials. To date there has been no prior systematic evaluation of injury risks and injury patterns in a SIC-specific setting.
METHODS
This paper reports injury statistics collected during the Ice Climbing Festival, which was held during the XXII Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. More than 2500 amateur climbers and 53 professional athletes climbed during 16 days on a dry tooling lead-difficulty, and a 17-m vertical ice wall (grade M4/M5 or Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme [UIAA] V+/VI-).
RESULTS
The injury incidence rates were 0.82/100 in lead-difficulty and 0.83/100 in speed ice climbing with an overall incidence rate of 0.83/100. The injury risk in amateur climbers was 248 injuries per 1000 hours of sports activities. There were no major accidents or fatalities during the event. SIC could be graded I according to UIAA Fatality Risk Classification. Penetrating and superficial soft tissue injuries (cuts and bruises) were the most common. The anteromedial aspects of the thigh and knee were the most typical injury locations.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings from this study provide an opportunity to compare injury patterns in SIC with what has previously been reported for traditional ice climbing. SIC has lower fatality risks, higher minor injury rates, and comparable injury severity to traditional ice climbing. The main limitation of our findings is that they were obtained on a population of amateur ice climbers with no previous experience. Further research should be performed to define injury risks in professional competitive ice climbers, and standard methodologies for reporting injuries should be considered.
Topics: Athletic Injuries; Humans; Ice; Risk Factors; Russia; Snow Sports; Sports Medicine
PubMed: 26827262
DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2015.11.002 -
Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde Sep 2022In the summer, an 11-year-old boy is bitten in his hand by a viper during survival camp. With extreme pain, swelling, vomiting and eventually loss of consciousness, he...
In the summer, an 11-year-old boy is bitten in his hand by a viper during survival camp. With extreme pain, swelling, vomiting and eventually loss of consciousness, he ends up in the emergency room. In the medium care, the arm swelling appears to be progressive. Antiserum delivered by express courier is finally given. Tourniquets, ice, incising and aspiration are obsolete. Gentle bandages with mild compression and a splint are an option. Immobilization is also important and haste depends on the symptoms (in 2 to 50% there is a 'dry bite'). Antiserum is given immediately in case of systemic effects such as coagulation disorder, dyspnoea, hypovolemic shock and renal insufficiency. In case of swelling, one should wait and see and determine the extent and progression of the swelling when antiserum is used. When administering the antiserum, a solid anticipation of anaphylaxis belongs.
Topics: Male; Animals; Humans; Child; Snake Bites; Ice; Pain; Edema; Reptiles
PubMed: 36300430
DOI: No ID Found -
Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2018Ultra cryo-milling using liquid nitrogen (LN2) and dry ice beads has been proposed as a contamination-free milling technique. The morphological change of dry ice beads...
Ultra cryo-milling using liquid nitrogen (LN2) and dry ice beads has been proposed as a contamination-free milling technique. The morphological change of dry ice beads was visually monitored in LN2 to clarify their production process and cryo-milling process. We found that dry ice pellets, which are starting material of beads and available on the market, immediately disintegrate in LN2, resulting in the spontaneous production of dry ice beads. In addition, the resultant beads maintain their size and shape even under vigorous agitation in LN2, demonstrating that they could play a role of milling media in the milling process. The driving conditions of this cryogenic milling process including beads size were optimized to enhance the milling efficiency. Dry ice beads provided superior milling efficiency compared to original pellets. The milling efficiency increased as the size of the dry ice beads decreased; furthermore, the larger the amount of beads used, the finer the milled particles. Any crystals of three drug compounds were effectively pulverized to the sub- or single-micron range. Cryo-milling with dry ice beads is valuable on pharmaceutical field because it does not contaminate the product with fractured and/or eroded beads.
Topics: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Cold Temperature; Crystallization; Drug Compounding; Dry Ice; Light; Microspheres; Nitrogen; Particle Size; Solubility; Water
PubMed: 30068799
DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00161 -
Journal of the American Chemical Society May 2023Separating oxygen from air to create oxygen-enriched gas streams is a process that is significant in both industrial and medical fields. However, the prominent...
Separating oxygen from air to create oxygen-enriched gas streams is a process that is significant in both industrial and medical fields. However, the prominent technologies for creating oxygen-enriched gas streams are both energy and infrastructure intensive as they use cryogenic temperatures or materials that adsorb N from air. The latter method is less efficient than the methods that adsorb O directly. Herein, we show, via a combination of gas adsorption isotherms, gas breakthrough experiments, neutron and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and computational studies, that the metal-organic framework, Al(HCOO) (ALF), which is easily prepared at low cost from commodity chemicals, exhibits substantial O adsorption and excellent time-dependent O/N selectivity in a range of 50-125 near dry ice/solvent (≈190 K) temperatures. The effective O adsorption with ALF at ≈190 K and ≈0.21 bar (the partial pressure of O in air) is ≈1.7 mmol/g, and at ice/salt temperatures (≈250 K), it is ≈0.3 mmol/g. Though the kinetics for full adsorption of O near 190 K are slower than at temperatures nearer 250 K, the kinetics for initial O adsorption are fast, suggesting that O separation using ALF with rapid temperature swings at ambient pressures is a potentially viable choice for low-cost air separation applications. We also present synthetic strategies for improving the kinetics of this family of compounds, namely, via Al/Fe solid solutions. To the best of our knowledge, ALF has the highest O/N sorption selectivity among MOF adsorbents without open metal sites as verified by co-adsorption experiments..
PubMed: 37083432
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02100 -
Journal of Economic Entomology Feb 2019A comparative study was conducted to test the efficiency of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps baited with either dry ice or carbon dioxide... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
A Comparative Study of Mosquito and Sand Fly (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) Sampling Using Dry Ice and Chemically Generated Carbon Dioxide From Three Different Prototype CO2 Generators.
A comparative study was conducted to test the efficiency of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps baited with either dry ice or carbon dioxide (CO2) produced from one of three different sources in collecting mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand. Treatments consisted of dry ice pellets, CO2 gas produced from one of three prototype CO2 generator systems (TDA, CUBE, Moustiq-Air Med-e-Cell - MEC), and a CDC light trap without a CO2 source. The best performing prototype from Thailand was then tested in collecting sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in Greece. A total of 12,798 mosquitoes and 8,329 sand flies were sampled during the experimentation. The most prevalent mosquito species collected in Thailand were: Culex vishnui Theobald > Anopheles minimus Theobald > Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles > Anopheles sawadwongporni Rattanarithikul & Green. By far the most prevalent sand fly species collected in Thessaloniki was Phlebotomus perfiliewi Parrot followed by Phlebotomus tobbi Adler and Theodor and Phlebotomus simici Nitzulescu. In general, the TDA treatment was the only treatment with no significant difference from the dry ice-treatment in mean trap catches. Although dry ice-baited traps caught higher numbers of mosquitoes and sand flies than the TDA-baited traps, there was no difference in the number of species collected. Results indicate that the traps baited with the TDA CO2 generator were as attractive as traps supplied with dry ice and, therefore, the TDA CO2 generator is a suitable alternative to dry ice as a source of carbon dioxide for use with adult mosquito and sand fly traps.
Topics: Animals; Culicidae; Dry Ice; Female; Greece; Insect Control; Phlebotomus; Thailand
PubMed: 30321387
DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy319 -
Journal of the Science of Food and... Jun 2019Lipid peroxidation entails major quality degradation in omega-3 (ω-3) fatty-acid-fortified surimi-like meat products upon storage. Currently, the use of label-friendly...
BACKGROUND
Lipid peroxidation entails major quality degradation in omega-3 (ω-3) fatty-acid-fortified surimi-like meat products upon storage. Currently, the use of label-friendly alternatives to synthetic antioxidants is encouraged in the industry. Hence, we aimed to examine the applicability of the hurdle-technology concept, using an 80% (v/v) ethanol solution to obtain rosemary extracts (REs) containing substantial amounts of polyphenol, and dry ice (DI) which can create a cryogenic environment, on the physicochemical stabilities of ω-3 fatty-acid (FA)-fortified meat products after manufacturing and storage periods. The polyphenolic profiles of the REs were also investigated.
RESULTS
Carnosol and rosmarinic acid are major phenolic components in REs. Furthermore, DI addition during the chopping procedure increased (P < 0.05) whiteness values and hardness of products, while total ω-3 and ω-6 FAs were relatively well preserved (P < 0.05) in products with flaxseed oil premixed with RE. During 14-day storage at 4 °C, combined treatment with RE and DI decreased (P < 0.05) thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels and the centrifugation loss of products. Single or combined treatment with RE and/or DI decreased (P < 0.05) TBARS levels in products after 60 days of storage at -20 °C.
CONCLUSION
Due to the antioxidant-polyphenol profile of REs and a possible oxygen exclusion of DI treatment under atmospheric pressure during food manufacturing, application of the hurdle-technology concept, using treatment with both RE and DI, can reduce lipid peroxidation and maintain a greater water-holding capacity of ω-3 FA-fortified meat products upon storage. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Chickens; Dry Ice; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Food Preservation; Food Preservatives; Food Storage; Food, Fortified; Meat Products; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Polyphenols; Rosmarinus; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances
PubMed: 30680724
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9606 -
Journal of Dental Biomaterials Mar 2017Patients' demand for tooth-colored restoratives in the posterior region is increasing. Clinicians use universal nanohybrid resin composites for both anterior and...
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Patients' demand for tooth-colored restoratives in the posterior region is increasing. Clinicians use universal nanohybrid resin composites for both anterior and posterior regions. There are few published reports comparing fracture toughness of nonohybrids and that of hybrid composite stored wet and dry.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the fracture toughness of three nanohybrids compared to that of a hybrid resin composite stored dry or wet up to 60 days, using four-point bending test.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Four resin composites were used: three nanohybrids; Filtek Supreme (3M), Ice (SDI), TPH3 (Dentsply) and one hybrid Filtek P60 (3M). For each material, 40 rectangular notched beam specimens were prepared with dimensions of 30 mm × 5mm × 2mm. The specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10) and stored at 37ºC either in distilled water or dry for 1 and 60 days. The specimens were placed on the four-point test jig and subjected to force (N) using universal testing machine loaded at a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min and maximum load at specimen failure was recorded and K was calculated.
RESULTS
Three-way ANOVA showed a significant interaction between all the factors (all < .0001). Except for TPH3, all tested materials showed significantly higher K when stored dry than stored wet ( < 0.05). After 1 day of dry storage, Ice showed the highest K (2.04± 0.32) followed by Filtek P60 and the lowest was for Filtek Supreme (1.39± 0.13) The effect of time on fracture toughness was material dependent.
CONCLUSIONS
Wet storage adversely affected the fracture toughness of almost all materials. Keeping the restoration dry in the mouth may increase their fracture toughness. Therefore, using a coating agent on the surface of restoration may protect them from early water uptake and increase their strength during a time period.
PubMed: 28959763
DOI: No ID Found -
Physical Review. E Feb 2021Friction reduction is a major issue in multiple domains, and lubrication is often used in order to achieve it. Gas lubrication is a very efficient way to increase...
Friction reduction is a major issue in multiple domains, and lubrication is often used in order to achieve it. Gas lubrication is a very efficient way to increase slipperiness, reducing the friction coefficient to almost zero. The main challenge with gas lubrication is to keep the gas inside the contact area due to the fact that it is easily squeezed out because of its low viscosity. Here we use the Leidenfrost effect to form a lubricating gas layer in between a disk of dry ice and a substrate, thus leading to lubricated friction. The gas is continuously provided by sublimation due to the temperature difference between dry ice and substrate. We perform different experiments on dry ice, measuring friction and parameters inside the gas layer. We then chart the crossover from high to low friction as a function of pressure and temperature, and we reveal the role of gas layer thickness. The substrate temperature and macroscopic pressure are found to strongly affect the friction, and very low friction is reached only in particular conditions. These conditions are easily controlled through external parameters, which allows us to use the Leidenfrost effect to efficiently modify friction.
PubMed: 33735981
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.103.023002 -
Animal Reproduction Science Sep 2023This study aimed to investigate the effects of storing horse semen either in a dry shipper (≤ -150 °C) or on dry ice (≤ -78 °C) for up to 14 days. A total of 264...
This study aimed to investigate the effects of storing horse semen either in a dry shipper (≤ -150 °C) or on dry ice (≤ -78 °C) for up to 14 days. A total of 264 frozen semen straws from male horses (n = 8) stored in liquid nitrogen were transferred on day 0 (d0) to a dry shipper or a dry ice styrofoam box. On d1, d3, d7, d10, and d14, straws from the dry shipper and dry ice were returned to the liquid nitrogen container. Semen was evaluated by CASA for total (TMot), progressive motility (PMot) and sperm velocity parameters, by fluorescence microscopy for percentage of membrane-intact sperm (SYBR14/PI), high mitochondrial membrane potential (HMMP; JC1) and DNA fragmentation. Temperature inside the containers was monitored continuously. Until d7, no changes were observed in TMot, PMot, and membrane-intact spermatozoa. Thereafter, all three parameters decreased in semen stored on dry ice but not in a dry shipper (time p < 0.001, time x shipping device p < 0.001). The HMMP decreased continuously over time in both containers with a more pronounced decrease on dry ice compared to the dry shipper (shipping device p < 0.01, time p < 0.001, time x device p < 0.001). The DNA fragmentation increased on d10-14 on dry ice and d14 in the dry shipper (time p < 0.001, time x device p < 0.01). In conclusion, frozen horse semen can be safely stored for up to 7 days on dry ice. Sperm DNA integrity and HMMP, however, were adversely affected after 14 days in both shipping devices.
Topics: Male; Horses; Animals; Semen; Temperature; Dry Ice; Sperm Motility; Spermatozoa; Cryopreservation; Semen Preservation; Nitrogen
PubMed: 37499284
DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107307