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Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Apr 2022Post-acne erythema (PAE) is a common sequela of acne inflammation, and it refers to telangiectasia and erythematous lesions remaining after the acne treatment. Although... (Review)
Review
Post-acne erythema (PAE) is a common sequela of acne inflammation, and it refers to telangiectasia and erythematous lesions remaining after the acne treatment. Although some PAE lesions may improve over time, persisting PAE might be esthetically undesirable for patients. The efficacy of various treatment options for PAE has been investigated in many studies but there exists no gold standard treatment modality. In this study, we aimed to give a systematic literature review on various treatment options for PAE, the advantage of each modality, and compare their efficacy, safety, and feasibility. By using the selected keywords, we carried out a systematic search for articles published from the inception to 28 April 2021 in PubMed/Medline and Embase databases. Of the 5796 initially retrieved articles, 18 of them were fully eligible to be enrolled in our study. In this study, we found that light and laser-based devices were the most frequently used treatments for PAE. Generally, pulsed-dye lasers were the most commonly used laser devices for PAE. Neodymium:yttrium aluminum-garnet lasers were the second most commonly used modalities in treating PAE. Topical treatments such as oxymetazoline, tranexamic acid, and brimonidine tartrate are promising treatments in reducing PAE lesions. In our study, no severe side effects were found. In conclusion, both laser devices and topical agents seem to be effective for PAE lesions; however, further randomized clinical trials are needed in this field.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Brimonidine Tartrate; Erythema; Humans; Lasers, Dye; Lasers, Solid-State; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35076997
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14804 -
Recent Patents on Inflammation &... 2017Molluscum contagiosum is a viral cutaneous infection in childhood that occurs worldwide. Physicians should familiarize themselves with this common condition. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Molluscum contagiosum is a viral cutaneous infection in childhood that occurs worldwide. Physicians should familiarize themselves with this common condition.
OBJECTIVE
To review in depth the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, complications and, in particular, treatment of molluscum contagiosum.
METHODS
A PubMed search was completed in Clinical Queries using the key term "molluscum contagiosum". Patents were searched using the key term "molluscum contagiosum" from www.google.com/patents, http: //espacenet.com, and www.freepatentsonline.com.
RESULTS
Molluscum contagiosum is caused by a poxvirus of the Molluscipox genus. Preschool and elementary school-aged children are more commonly affected. The virus is transmitted by close physical contact, autoinoculation, and fomites. Typically, molluscum contagiosum presents as asymptomatic, discrete, smooth, flesh-colored, dome-shaped papules with central umbilication from which a plug of cheesy material can be expressed. Some authors suggest watchful waiting of the lesions.Many authors suggest active treatment of lesions for cosmetic reasons or concerns of transmission and autoinoculation. Active treatments may be mechanical (e.g. cryotherapy, curettage, pulsed dye laser therapy), chemical (e.g. cantharidin, potassium hydroxide, podophyllotoxin, benzoyl peroxide, tretinoin, trichloroacetic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, salicylic acid), immune-modulating (e.g. imiquimod, interferon-alpha, cimetidine) and anti-viral (e.g. cidofovir). Recent patents related to the management of molluscum contagiosum are also retrieved and discussed. These patents comprise of topical compositions and herbal Chinese medicine with limited documentation of their efficacy.
CONCLUSION
The choice of treatment method should depend on the physician's comfort level with the various treatment options, the patient's age, the number and severity of lesions, location of lesions, and the preference of the child/parents. In general, physical destruction of the lesion, in particular, cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen and chemical destruction with cantharidin are the methods of choice for the majority of patients.
Topics: Age Factors; Cantharidin; Child; Child, Preschool; Cryotherapy; Humans; Irritants; Lasers, Dye; Molluscum Contagiosum; Nitrogen; Patents as Topic; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 28521677
DOI: 10.2174/1872213X11666170518114456 -
Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy :... 2018Acne scarring is a widely prevalent condition that can have a negative impact on a patient's quality of life and is often worsened by aging. A number of options are... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Acne scarring is a widely prevalent condition that can have a negative impact on a patient's quality of life and is often worsened by aging. A number of options are available for the treatment of acne scarring, including retinoids, microdermabrasion, dermal fillers, and surgical techniques such as subcision. The aim of this review is to evaluate the different laser modalities that have been used in peer-reviewed clinical studies for treatment of atrophic acne scars, and summarize current clinical approaches.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A Medline search spanning from 1990 to 2016 was performed on acne scarring. Search terms included "atrophic acne scars," "ablative'', "nonablative," "fractional," "nonfractional," "neodymium," "alexandrite," "pulsed dye" lasers, and results are summarized.
RESULTS
Various types of lasers have been evaluated for the treatment of atrophic acne scars. While they are efficacious overall, they differ in terms of side effects and clinical outcomes, depending on patients skin and acne scar type. A new emerging trend is to combine lasers with other energy-based devices and/or topicals.
CONCLUSION
Evaluation of the literature examining acne scar treatment with lasers, revealed that clinical outcomes are dependent on various patient factors, including atrophic acne scar subtype, patient skin type, treatment modality, and side-effect profile.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Cicatrix; Combined Modality Therapy; Face; Humans; Lasers, Dye; Lasers, Solid-State; Low-Level Light Therapy
PubMed: 30395754
DOI: 10.1080/14764172.2018.1461230 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Feb 2022Post-acne erythema is described as erythema due to release of inflammatory cytokines, dilatation of microcapillaries within papillary dermis and thinning of epidermis.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Post-acne erythema is described as erythema due to release of inflammatory cytokines, dilatation of microcapillaries within papillary dermis and thinning of epidermis. The erythema usually fades; however, it can persist for months.
AIM
In this review, we decided to evaluate efficacy of light and laser treatments in acne-induced erythema.
METHODS
We searched PUBMED, Embase, Cochrane, and Google Scholar for relevant key words. Inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated efficacy of laser or light in PAE until September 2021.
RESULTS
Twelve RCTs were selected for the final assessment. Light and laser treatments included pulsed dye laser (PDL), intense pulsed light (IPL), Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (QS Nd:YAG), fractional photothermolysis, alexandrite, solid-slate 589-1319 nm, and pro-yellow laser.
CONCLUSION
Light and laser treatments are effective treatment modalities in reduction of acne-induced erythema along with active acne lesions and atrophic acne scars.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Clinical Protocols; Erythema; Humans; Lasers, Dye; Lasers, Solid-State; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34985175
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14729 -
JAMA Dermatology Jan 2021Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a neurocutaneous syndrome involving the skin, brain, and eyes. Consensus recommendations for management are lacking. (Review)
Review
IMPORTANCE
Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a neurocutaneous syndrome involving the skin, brain, and eyes. Consensus recommendations for management are lacking.
OBJECTIVE
To consolidate the current literature with expert opinion to make recommendations that will guide treatment and referral for patients with port-wine birthmarks (PWBs).
EVIDENCE REVIEW
In this consensus statement, 12 nationally peer-recognized experts in dermatology with experience treating patients with SWS were assembled. Key topics and questions were formulated for each group and included risk stratification, optimum treatment strategies, and recommendations regarding light-based therapies. A systematic PubMed search was performed of English-language articles published between December 1, 2008, and December 1, 2018, as well as other pertinent studies identified by the expert panel. Clinical practice guidelines were recommended.
FINDINGS
Treatment of PWBs is indicated to minimize the psychosocial impact and diminish nodularity and potentially tissue hypertrophy. Better outcomes may be attained if treatments are started at an earlier age. In the US, pulsed dye laser is the standard for all PWBs regardless of the lesion size, location, or color. When performed by experienced physicians, laser treatment can be safe for patients of all ages. The choice of using general anesthesia in young patients is a complex decision that must be considered on a case-by-case basis.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
These recommendations are intended to help guide clinical practice and decision-making for patients with SWS and those with isolated PWBs and may improve patient outcomes.
Topics: Clinical Decision-Making; Consensus; Dermatology; Humans; Lasers, Dye; Low-Level Light Therapy; Port-Wine Stain; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Sturge-Weber Syndrome; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33175124
DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.4226 -
Pediatric Dermatology Mar 2021Port-wine birthmarks (PWBs) are progressive vascular malformations with significant disfigurement and psychosocial morbidity; early light-based treatment has shown... (Review)
Review
Port-wine birthmarks (PWBs) are progressive vascular malformations with significant disfigurement and psychosocial morbidity; early light-based treatment has shown improved outcomes in the pediatric population. Somatic mosaic mutations underly the progressive nature of PWBs and explain the significant differences in response and heterogeneity of vessel architecture in the pediatric population when compared to the adult cohort. Here, we summarize a review of pediatric specific literature on the various light-based treatment modalities, including pulsed dye laser, near-infrared lasers, and intense pulsed light, providing the various indications, tips, advantages, and disadvantages for the pediatric dermatologist.
Topics: Adult; Child; Cohort Studies; Humans; Lasers, Dye; Low-Level Light Therapy; Port-Wine Stain; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33368674
DOI: 10.1111/pde.14503 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Jun 2023Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are common benign tumors of infancy. Most IH either involute spontaneously or respond to treatment with systemic Beta- blockers, but... (Review)
Review
BACK GROUNDS AND OBJECTIVE
Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are common benign tumors of infancy. Most IH either involute spontaneously or respond to treatment with systemic Beta- blockers, but unfortunately not in all cases. In poor responses or in cases of contra indications for pharmacological treatment, laser treatment poses a very good solution.
METHODS
As a search strategy and study selection we searched the MEDLINE database via PubMed starting 1982 to June 2022 using a key terms related to interventions for IH (e.g., infantile hemangioma, laser, Beta blockers).
RESULTS
In this article, we reviewed the published data regarding the use of energy-based devices in treatment of children with IH, and noted our experience over the course of treating dozens of cases over the years.
CONCLUSION
There are many laser systems used for the treatment of hemangioma and vascular tumors. These laser systems are of different wavelengths and penetration depths, however, they operate by similar mechanisms and in some cases two or more lasers can be applied during the course of treating these lesions.
Topics: Child; Humans; Infant; Hemangioma; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Lasers, Dye; Treatment Outcome; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 36774645
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15671 -
Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur... Jan 2018Light-based acne treatments may represent a new emerging treatment for acne that does not increase the risk of bacterial resistance and they may be potentially effective... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Light-based acne treatments may represent a new emerging treatment for acne that does not increase the risk of bacterial resistance and they may be potentially effective with a favorable safety profile. Current data show that photodynamic therapy reduces inflammatory lesions and significantly improves acne. However, there is no consensus on the optimal implementation in the treatment of acne. In addition to topically applied photodynamic therapy, intense pulsed light, pulsed dye lasers, potassium-titanyl-phosphate lasers, infrared diode lasers, broad-spectrum continuous-wave light sources (red light, blue-red light) have been introduced as alternative treatments. Since well-designed studies to evaluate their efficacy versus traditional medical therapies are lacking and standardized regimens have not been agreed upon, procedures including laser, intense pulsed light, and photodynamic therapy should currently not be considered first-line treatment for inflammatory acne.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Equipment Design; Humans; Laser Therapy; Lasers, Dye; Lasers, Solid-State; Photochemotherapy; Phototherapy; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 29294170
DOI: 10.1007/s00105-017-4099-9 -
Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy :... Jun 2015Acne vulgaris is a common condition which remains challenging to treat in some cases. Laser and light-based therapies offer an alternative to medical therapies with the... (Review)
Review
Acne vulgaris is a common condition which remains challenging to treat in some cases. Laser and light-based therapies offer an alternative to medical therapies with the advantage of high compliance and relatively low side-effect profile. Light-based therapies in acne exert their effects through photochemical, photothermal, or a combination of both mechanisms. This article explains the mode of action for each light-based modality and examines the current evidence in this field.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Humans; Infrared Rays; Lasers, Dye; Low-Level Light Therapy; Phosphates; Photochemotherapy; Phototherapy; Titanium; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 25415371
DOI: 10.3109/14764172.2014.988727 -
Lasers in Medical Science Apr 2021Necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) is a rare, inflammatory granulomatous skin disorder involving collagen degeneration. In recent years, several light and laser therapies have... (Review)
Review
Necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) is a rare, inflammatory granulomatous skin disorder involving collagen degeneration. In recent years, several light and laser therapies have been proposed and used in the treatment of NL with variable outcomes. The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of lasers and light therapies for the treatment of NL. A review of PubMed was conducted to search for studies using laser and light therapies for the treatment of NL. Articles that employed a combination of treatment modalities were excluded. Twenty-four studies were reviewed. Light and laser therapies used in these studies included CO laser, pulsed dye laser, methyl aminolevulinate (MAL)-photodynamic therapy (PDT), aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-PDT, ultraviolet A1 (UVA1) phototherapy, and psoralen plus ultraviolet-A (PUVA). PUVA was identified as the modality with the most available evidence (7 studies), followed by MAL-PDT and ALA-PDT (5 studies each), pulsed dye laser and UVA1 (3 studies each), and lastly CO laser (2 studies). Most modalities demonstrated variable efficacies and side effects with the exception of PDL, which consistently showed successful outcomes. Multiple dermatologic light and laser therapies have been investigated for the treatment of NL, including PUVA, ALA-PDT, MAL-PDT, pulsed dye laser, UVA1, and CO laser. However, a clear consensus on the preferred treatment is yet to be addressed. Each treatment option demonstrates both advantages and disadvantages that should be discussed with patients when selecting the treatment modality.
Topics: Humans; Laser Therapy; Lasers, Dye; Lasers, Gas; Necrobiosis Lipoidica; Photochemotherapy; Phototherapy
PubMed: 32970197
DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03147-3