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Disability and Rehabilitation.... Nov 2023Learning disabilities or learning disorders are umbrella terms used for wide variety of learning problems like Dyslexia, Dyscalculia, Dysgraphia, and Dyspraxia. These...
PURPOSE
Learning disabilities or learning disorders are umbrella terms used for wide variety of learning problems like Dyslexia, Dyscalculia, Dysgraphia, and Dyspraxia. These disabilities are due to the neurological disorders which affects brain functions. Early diagnosis of these disabilities in kids from age 3 to 6 will help to start early medical treatments and get them back to the normal condition.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
we developed a software-based Learning Disability Evaluation Kit called YALU with computer Game Modules for kids targeting their learning disabilities. These Computer game-based modules of the YALU consist of different tasks for the different age levels to identify the symptoms of the disabilities mentioned above. The children's interaction results to each task of the game modules with the answers of the questioner about the children given by the parents will be evaluated with the threshold values given by a panel of consultant psychologist and paediatrician of the normal kids to identify the learning disabilities in kids aged 3-6 years. The result will be given to the respective parties and uploaded to the Website under the child's name.
RESULT
YALU has been tested using 50 students in age 3-5 in three preschools. The teachers have identified Fourteen students with some learning disability symptoms. Using YALU, twelve out of fourteen students had been clearly identified. Hence, the YALU Evaluation Kit to have an accuracy 85% in diagnosing the right disability. However, the accuracy could be increased with the accurate assessments of the parents about their kids.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONLearning disabilities are neurological disorders that affect the brain's ability to receive, process, store, respond to and communicate information; and there are four types (Dyslexia, Dyspraxia, Dysgraphia and Dyscalculia)In this paper, we present the extracted computational techniques targeting the Dyslexia, Dyspraxia, Dysgraphia and Dyscalculia and developed a software application (YALU Learning Disability Evaluation Kit) which consists of computer game modules for the kids for evaluation their learning disabilities.The developed game modules can screen the learning disabilities and these gamification modules (YALU) consists of tasks which are based on symptoms of the said disabilities. The outcomes of each module is evaluated these learning disabilities in kids age from 3 years to 6 years by analysing children's interactions to the each tasks, the child condition and then compare the result with the threshold values of the normal kids given by consultant psychologist and paediatrician.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Dyscalculia; Agraphia; Learning Disabilities; Dyslexia; Apraxias; Early Diagnosis; Video Games
PubMed: 34784486
DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2021.2003454 -
Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology &... Jan 2023Writing abilities are impacted by dysgraphia, a condition of learning disability. It might be challenging to diagnose dysgraphia at an initial point of a child's...
Writing abilities are impacted by dysgraphia, a condition of learning disability. It might be challenging to diagnose dysgraphia at an initial point of a child's upbringing. Problematic abilities linked to Dysgraphia difficulties that is utilized in detecting the learning disorder. The features used in this research to identify dysgraphia include handwriting and geometric features that is reclaimed using kekre-discrete cosine mathematical model. The feature learning step of deep transfer learning makes good use of the obtained features to identify dysgraphia. The results of the data collection indicate that this study can use handwritten images to detect children who have dysgraphia. Compared to past investigations, this experiment has shown a significant improvement in the capacity to identify dysgraphia using handwritten drawings. The proposed approach is compared with the machine learning and deep learning approaches where the Kekre-Discrete Cosine Transform with Deep Transfer Learning (K-DCT-DTL) outperforms the existing approaches. The proposed K-DCT-DTL approach attains 99.75% of highest accuracy that exhibits the efficiency of the proposed method.
Topics: Child; Humans; Agraphia; Deep Learning; Handwriting; Machine Learning; Learning Disabilities
PubMed: 36181958
DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110647 -
Data in Brief Jun 2024This report presents a dataset of offline handwriting samples among Malaysian schoolchildren with potential dysgraphia. The images contained Malay sentences written by...
This report presents a dataset of offline handwriting samples among Malaysian schoolchildren with potential dysgraphia. The images contained Malay sentences written by primary school students and children under intervention by the Malaysia Dyslexia Association (PDM). Students were expected to copy and write the sentences provided on the paper form that was used to gather data. Students were required to write three sets of sentences. The paper was digitalized by scanning it and converting it into digital form. Furthermore, the images were pre-processed using image processing techniques by converting the images into binary format and interchanging the foreground and background colors. The images were then classified into two categories, namely potential dysgraphia and low potential dysgraphia. The dataset comprised a total of 249 handwriting images, obtained from a sample of 83 participants who were selected in the data collection process, with 114 for potential dysgraphia and 135 for low potential dysgraphia. Both categories of handwriting images were prepared in black and white images.
PubMed: 38868380
DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110534 -
American Journal of Speech-language... Mar 2023Acquired central dysgraphia is a heterogeneous neurological disorder that usually co-occurs with other language disorders. Written language training is relevant to...
PURPOSE
Acquired central dysgraphia is a heterogeneous neurological disorder that usually co-occurs with other language disorders. Written language training is relevant to improve everyday skills and as a compensatory strategy to support limited oral communication. A systematic evaluation of existing writing treatments is thus needed.
METHOD
We performed a systematic review of speech and language therapies for acquired dysgraphia in studies of neurological diseases (PROSPERO: CRD42018084221), following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) checklist with a search on several databases for articles written in English and published until August 31, 2021. Only methodological well-designed studies were included. Further assessment of methodological quality was conducted by means of a modified version of the Downs and Black checklist.
RESULTS
Eleven studies of 43 patients in total were included. For each study, we collected data on type of population, type of impairment, experimental design, type of treatment, and measured outcomes. The studies had a medium level of assessed methodological quality. An informative description of treatments and linkages to deficits is reported.
CONCLUSIONS
Although there is a need for further experimental evidence, most treatments showed good applicability and improvement of written skills in patients with dysgraphia. Lexical treatments appear to be more frequently adopted and more flexible in improving dysgraphia and communication, especially when a multimodal approach is used. Finally, the reported description of treatment modalities for dysgraphia in relation to patients' deficits may be important for providing tailored therapies in clinical management.
Topics: Humans; Agraphia; Speech; Language Therapy; Language Disorders; Language
PubMed: 36857041
DOI: 10.1044/2022_AJSLP-22-00042 -
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology :... Dec 2014Gerstmann's syndrome includes the clinical tetrad of finger agnosia, agraphia, acalculia, and right-left confusion. Some disagreement remains with regard to the exact... (Review)
Review
Gerstmann's syndrome includes the clinical tetrad of finger agnosia, agraphia, acalculia, and right-left confusion. Some disagreement remains with regard to the exact localization of the syndrome, but most probable it involves the left angular gyrus with a subcortical extension. Several authors have suggested that a defect in mental spatial rotations could simultaneously account for acalculia, right-left disorientation, and finger agnosia. It has been also suggested that semantic aphasia is always associated with acalculia; as a matter of fact, left angular gyrus has a significant involvement in semantic processing. In this paper, it is proposed that Gerstmann's syndrome should include: acalculia, finger agnosia, right-left disorientation, and semantic aphasia, but not agraphia. When the pathology extends toward the superior parietal gyrus, agraphia can be found. A fundamental defect (i.e., an impairment in verbally mediated spatial operations) could explain these apparently unrelated clinical signs.
Topics: Gerstmann Syndrome; Humans
PubMed: 25377466
DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acu056 -
Research in Developmental Disabilities Nov 2019This study examines the motor skills and motor-related daily functions of higher education students with and without dysgraphia, and their contribution in predicting...
This study examines the motor skills and motor-related daily functions of higher education students with and without dysgraphia, and their contribution in predicting handwriting performance. The sample included 82 higher education students aged 20-35 years old. Thirty-four were students without any known developmental disorder (NDD) and 48 students had dysgraphia. We individually administered a test battery evaluating handwriting performance, fine-motor skills, and visual-motor spatial-organization skills. Students also filled out a questionnaire relating to their fine- and gross-motor-related daily functions. Overall, the NDD students had significantly better motor skills and motor-related daily functions. Additionally, the motor skills and daily functions explained 62.9% of the variance in handwriting performance, and they correctly classified 90% of the students into the handwriting performance groups. Yet only visual-motor spatial organization and fine-motor-related daily functions significantly contributed to the fit of the model. These findings suggest that students with dysgraphia continue to encounter handwriting difficulties in higher education. These difficulties are linked to poor motor skills and motor-related daily functions. Therefore, higher education students with dysgraphia may require assistance and accommodations throughout their studies, not only with regard to their academic performance, but also in their motor-related daily functions.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Agraphia; Female; Handwriting; Humans; Male; Motor Skills; Needs Assessment; Psychomotor Performance; Spatial Processing; Students; Task Performance and Analysis
PubMed: 31518720
DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2019.103479 -
Neurology Jul 2015
Topics: Agraphia; Female; Handwriting; Humans; Middle Aged; Recovery of Function
PubMed: 26195237
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000001754 -
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular... Oct 2020Gerstmann syndrome is defined as a tetrad including agraphia, acalculia, finger agnosia, and right-left disorientation. In the case studies presented in the literature,... (Review)
Review
Gerstmann syndrome is defined as a tetrad including agraphia, acalculia, finger agnosia, and right-left disorientation. In the case studies presented in the literature, it has been reported that Gerstmann syndrome usually appears as an incomplete tetrad of symptoms or accompanied by cognitive deficits including aphasia, alexia, apraxia and some perceptual disorders. Here, we present of the patient with left angular and supramarginal gyrus infarction affecting the parietal lobe. In addition to the symptoms mentioned above, the patient had alexia and anomic aphasia as well. We discussed the clinic appearance and reviewed the current literature.
Topics: Agraphia; Anomia; Cerebral Infarction; Dyscalculia; Dyslexia; Gerstmann Syndrome; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Parietal Lobe
PubMed: 32912538
DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105161 -
Cephalalgia : An International Journal... Apr 2023Headache with neurologic deficits and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis, previously also termed pseudomigraine with temporary neurologic symptoms and lymphocytic... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Headache with neurologic deficits and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis, previously also termed pseudomigraine with temporary neurologic symptoms and lymphocytic pleocytosis, is a self-limiting syndrome characterized by moderate to severe headache associated with focal neurological deficits occurring in the context of lymphocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid. As a consequence of its rarity, data regarding headache with neurologic deficits and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis is sparse. Therefore, we conducted this review to analyze data related to 93 patients of headache with neurologic deficits and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis, to characterize their demographics, clinical manifestations, investigations and treatment options.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review of cases reported through PubMed and Google scholar database, using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. Keywords used were 'Headache with Neurologic Deficits and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis', 'Headache with neurologic deficits and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis syndrome'. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool.
RESULTS
We analyzed a total of 93 cases of headache with neurologic deficits and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis with a mean age of 28.8 years at onset. Seventy patients (75.2%) were adults, while 23 (24.7%) belonged to the pediatric age group. Comparing these groups, mean age at onset was 32.5 years and 14.3 years, respectively. The average duration of follow-up was 11.08 months. Thirty percent of patients experienced relapsing episodes of headache with neurologic deficits and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis symptoms. The most common type of headache reported was unilateral severe throbbing episodic headache. Other associated symptoms included sensory deficit (60%) and motor deficits (54.8%). The least common symptoms were nystagmus and agraphia, which were reported in one patient each. Antiviral agents were a common treatment option in the acute phase (n = 23 patients [23.6%]), while Flunarizine was the most commonly used agent in the chronic setting (n = 3 patients [3.2%]). While most of the patients had normal brain magnetic resonance imaging, 20 patients had magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities, including (but not limited to) non-specific white matter lesions (eight patients) and meningeal enhancement (six patients). The most common electroencephalographic findings included diffuse and focal slowing. The mean cerebrospinal fluid opening-pressure was 240.5 mmHO. Cerebrospinal fluid protein was elevated in 59 (63.4%) patients, with a mean value of 114 mg/dL. Two patients in our cohort were found to have cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands.
CONCLUSION
Headache with neurologic deficits and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis tends to affect young individuals with a slight male predominance. Unilateral severe throbbing episodic headache with associated hemi-paresthesia and hemiparesis were the most common symptoms based on our review. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid opening-pressure can be seen in headache with neurologic deficits and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis syndrome. Early recognition of the syndrome is paramount. Antivirals were found to be among the most widely used treatments in the acute setting. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain is mostly normal. Diffuse and focal slowing were among the most common electroencephalographic findings. Cerebral flow abnormalities on perfusion scans are not uncommon in headache with neurologic deficits and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis. Prospective studies with a larger sample size are needed to validate our findings and guide the clinical care of these patients.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Child; Female; Lymphocytosis; Prospective Studies; Headache; Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure; Brain
PubMed: 36856002
DOI: 10.1177/03331024231157694