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JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Jun 2023Dysphagia defined as difficulty in swallowing, can result from multiple causes including, Stroke, head injury, Alzheimer, Dementia, Muscular dystrophy, Cerebral Palsy... (Review)
Review
Dysphagia defined as difficulty in swallowing, can result from multiple causes including, Stroke, head injury, Alzheimer, Dementia, Muscular dystrophy, Cerebral Palsy etc. It is associated with neuro-muscular impairments in different age groups. VitalStim® therapy is a relatively new approach to treat dysphagia. It provides neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) of the involved muscles to improve the function of swallowing. This review summarizes the usefulness of VitalStim® in dysphagia, and barriers in its use in Pakistan.
Topics: Humans; Deglutition Disorders; Treatment Outcome; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Deglutition; Stroke
PubMed: 37427651
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.23-46 -
Rheumatology (Oxford, England) Oct 2023Dysphagia is a common debilitating clinical feature of IBM. However, the impact of dysphagia in IBM has been historically overlooked. This study aimed to identify,...
OBJECTIVES
Dysphagia is a common debilitating clinical feature of IBM. However, the impact of dysphagia in IBM has been historically overlooked. This study aimed to identify, evaluate and summarize the evidence regarding the assessment and management of dysphagia in persons with IBM undergoing treatment.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted using a multiengine search following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines. Eligible studies had to employ an intervention for persons with IBM, report a swallowing outcome and be published in English. Quality assessments of the eligible studies were performed.
RESULTS
Of 239 studies found, 19 met the inclusion criteria. One study was rated as 'fair' and the rest as 'poor' quality, particularly due to the lack of published and validated swallowing assessment procedures and outcome measures. Cricopharyngeal (CP) dysfunction (12/19) was the most commonly reported swallowing abnormality. Interventions for disease management included pharmacological agents (10/19), followed by surgical (3/19), behavioral (1/19) and combined approaches (5/19). Interventions with immunosuppressants, botulinum toxin injection, balloon dilation and/or CP myotomy led to mixed and transient benefits. Few studies examining statins or behavioral therapies (primarily focused on respiratory function) showed no effects for dysphagia.
CONCLUSION
Various interventions have been reported to temporarily improve dysphagia in persons with IBM. However, these findings are based on limited and overall low-quality evidence. This study cautions against the generalization of these findings and emphasizes the need for further systematic research to improve the diagnosis and management of dysphagia in IBM.
Topics: Humans; Deglutition Disorders; Myositis, Inclusion Body; Pharyngeal Muscles; Endoscopy
PubMed: 37115631
DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead194 -
Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No... Feb 2015Dysphagia is a life-threatening disorder caused by many medical conditions such as stroke, neurological disorders, tumors, etc. The symptoms of dysphagia are quite... (Review)
Review
Dysphagia is a life-threatening disorder caused by many medical conditions such as stroke, neurological disorders, tumors, etc. The symptoms of dysphagia are quite variable and diagnosed by observation or through screening involving instrumental swallowing examinations such as video-fluoroscopy and video-endoscopy, to determine functional severity and treatment-prognosis. Direct- and indirect-therapy is used with and without food, respectively. Swallowing rehabilitation is very effective, and could be used in conjunction with compensatory techniques. Here we present an overview of dysphagia and swallowing rehabilitation.
Topics: Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Education; Humans; Prognosis; Stroke; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25681362
DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416200109 -
Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy 2020Dysphagia is a common problem among ICU patients. The frequency of dysphagia increases with age and sometimes symptoms can be difficult to recognise. But the... (Review)
Review
Dysphagia is a common problem among ICU patients. The frequency of dysphagia increases with age and sometimes symptoms can be difficult to recognise. But the con-sequences of dysphagia can be very serious, including aspiration and subsequently aspiration pneumonia. Therefore, knowing mechanisms and symptoms causing dysphagia is very important and should be well recognised. Proper diagnosis allows one to prevent further complications. However, both the diagnosis and treatment can be very complicated, especially among the patients who do not cooperate. In many cases, the implementation of an appropriate nutrition strategy and proper rehabilitation can alleviate the symptoms of dysphagia and avoid the most severe complications.
Topics: Critical Care; Deglutition Disorders; Humans; Pneumonia, Aspiration
PubMed: 32876411
DOI: 10.5114/ait.2020.98490 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Apr 2019This review is about dysphagia, which is a collective term for all types of difficulty in swallowing. The causes behind are numerous, and the symptoms can be divided... (Review)
Review
This review is about dysphagia, which is a collective term for all types of difficulty in swallowing. The causes behind are numerous, and the symptoms can be divided into oropharyngeal and oesophageal dysphagia. In the elderly population, the symptoms result in a thorough investigation, as it may be the first sign of underlying malignant disease. If malignant disease is not confirmed, the patient may be referred to the initial doctor. It is therefore important to know, that there is a large range of aetiologies and investigative possibilities of non-malignant dysphagia.
Topics: Aged; Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Denmark; Humans; Oropharynx
PubMed: 31036142
DOI: No ID Found -
The American Journal of Medicine Oct 2015Dysphagia is a fascinating symptom. It is ostensibly simple when defined by trouble swallowing, yet its subtleties in deciphering and its variations in pathophysiology... (Review)
Review
Dysphagia is a fascinating symptom. It is ostensibly simple when defined by trouble swallowing, yet its subtleties in deciphering and its variations in pathophysiology almost mandate a thorough knowledge of medicine itself. With patience and careful questioning, a multitude of various disorders may be suggested before an objective test is performed. Indeed, the ability to diligently and comprehensively explore the symptom of dysphagia is not only rewarding but also a real test for a physician who prides himself or herself on good history taking.
Topics: Deglutition Disorders; Diagnosis, Differential; Eosinophilic Esophagitis; Humans; Medical History Taking; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 26007674
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.04.026 -
Current Opinion in Otolaryngology &... Jun 2019To review the current evidence on dysphagia in non-head and neck cancer, including its cause, prevalence, impact, management, and areas for future research. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
To review the current evidence on dysphagia in non-head and neck cancer, including its cause, prevalence, impact, management, and areas for future research.
RECENT FINDINGS
Dysphagia is widely recognised as a common and debilitating side-effect of head and neck cancer (HNC) and its treatment; however, minimal attention has been given to dysphagia in other cancer populations. Detailed data regarding the exact nature and prevalence of dysphagia are limited, in part because of the lack of any validated tools specifically for non-HNC patients. Dysphagia can be due to a variety of different causes in cancer patients. It can have a significant impact on physical and psychological wellbeing, and its management can be complex and multifactorial.
SUMMARY
Preliminary evidence suggests that the prevalence of dysphagia in non-HNC patients may be high. Cancer patients are vulnerable and survivorship is a key component of cancer care, so further research is essential to better understand the problem and thus provide optimal care and outcomes for patients.
Topics: Deglutition Disorders; Humans; Incidence; Neoplasms; Prevalence
PubMed: 30946062
DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000000541 -
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology... Feb 2021Patients with esophageal dysphagia need a step-by-step approach for diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopic with biopsy and barium esophagogram are the essential tests... (Review)
Review
Patients with esophageal dysphagia need a step-by-step approach for diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopic with biopsy and barium esophagogram are the essential tests evaluating anatomical abnormality and esophageal bolus stasis. Further imaging or esophageal function tests such as high-resolution esophageal manometry, functional endoluminal imaging probe, CT or endoscopic ultrasound are required. In the case of dysphagia due to esophageal motility disorder, whether it is the major motility disorder or minor motility disorder should be identified in high resolution manometry. Major motility disorders show esophagogastric junction obstruction or major peristaltic defects. In this case, the severity of the symptoms should be assessed and patients who need endoscopic or surgical treatment targeting lower esophageal sphincter should be screened. Impaired lower esophageal sphincter relaxation (achalasia, esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction, esophageal spasm or abnormal hypercontraction (jackhammer esophagus), hypotensive contraction (ineffective esophageal motility, failed peristalsis), esophageal hypersensitivity (noncardiac chest pain), gastroesophageal reflux disease and esophageal bolus stasis are the possible mechanisms causing dysphagia symptoms. The proper medical treatment depends on underlying mechanisms.
Topics: Deglutition Disorders; Esophageal Motility Disorders; Humans; Manometry
PubMed: 33632997
DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2021.024 -
Clinics in Chest Medicine Jun 2018Neuromuscular disease frequently leads to dysphagia and difficulty managing secretions. Dysphagia may lead to medical complications, such as malnutrition, dehydration,... (Review)
Review
Neuromuscular disease frequently leads to dysphagia and difficulty managing secretions. Dysphagia may lead to medical complications, such as malnutrition, dehydration, aspiration pneumonia, and other pulmonary complications, as well as social isolation and reduced overall quality of life. This review provides an overview of dysphagia associated with neuromuscular disease in adults, along with a concise review of swallowing assessment and intervention options.
Topics: Deglutition Disorders; Humans; Neuromuscular Diseases
PubMed: 29779602
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2018.01.007 -
Dysphagia Jun 2021Sarcopenic dysphagia is a swallowing disorder due to sarcopenia involving the whole-body skeletal muscles and swallowing muscles. This scoping review aimed to explore... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Sarcopenic dysphagia is a swallowing disorder due to sarcopenia involving the whole-body skeletal muscles and swallowing muscles. This scoping review aimed to explore the currently known information on the diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenic dysphagia and to clarify the types of research required to develop the field.
METHODS
We searched the PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases from their inception to October 2020, using the search terms "(sarcopenia or sarcopenic or myopenia or dynapenia) and (dysphagia or swallowing or deglutition) and (diagnosis or treatment)". Articles reporting diagnosis method and treatment of sarcopenic dysphagia were included.
RESULTS
Twenty-one and eight articles reported on the diagnostic and treatment method, respectively. A diagnostic algorithm for sarcopenic dysphagia was most frequently used (n = 10). Other diagnostic methods included consensus diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic dysphagia (n = 4), sarcopenia and dysphagia without other causes of dysphagia (n = 4), and both sarcopenia and dysphagia (n = 3). The medical treatments for patients with sarcopenic dysphagia were described in single-patient case reports (n = 8) only. There were six articles reporting on a combination of rehabilitation and nutritional support. These reports showed the importance of interdisciplinary rehabilitation nutrition for improving patients' nutritional status and sarcopenia.
CONCLUSIONS
A reliable and validated diagnostic algorithm was the most widely used diagnostic method for sarcopenic dysphagia. Only case reports have been published for the medical treatment of patients with sarcopenic dysphagia. Interdisciplinary rehabilitation nutrition may be useful for treating patients with sarcopenic dysphagia.
Topics: Deglutition Disorders; Humans; Nutritional Status; Sarcopenia
PubMed: 33620563
DOI: 10.1007/s00455-021-10266-8