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Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology Dec 2016Shoulder dystocia is an unpredictable obstetric emergency that requires prompt interventions to ensure optimal outcomes. Proper technique is important but difficult to... (Review)
Review
Shoulder dystocia is an unpredictable obstetric emergency that requires prompt interventions to ensure optimal outcomes. Proper technique is important but difficult to train given the urgent and critical clinical situation. Simulation training for shoulder dystocia allows providers at all levels to practice technical and teamwork skills in a no-risk environment. Programs utilizing simulation training for this emergency have consistently demonstrated improved performance both during practice drills and in actual patients with significantly decreased risks of fetal injury. Given the evidence, simulation training for shoulder dystocia should be conducted at all institutions that provide delivery services.
Topics: Birth Injuries; Delivery, Obstetric; Dystocia; Emergencies; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Obstetrics; Pregnancy; Shoulder; Simulation Training
PubMed: 27660929
DOI: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000238 -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Aug 2020The second stage of labor, from full cervical dilatation to complete birth of the baby or babies, constitutes the time of greatest risk for the baby. Birth attendants at... (Review)
Review
The second stage of labor, from full cervical dilatation to complete birth of the baby or babies, constitutes the time of greatest risk for the baby. Birth attendants at all levels require training in the skills necessary to overcome difficulties that may arise unexpectedly during the second stage, particularly poor progress, shoulder dystocia, and breech birth. The mother should receive emotional support and encouragement to bear down instinctively when she feels the urge to do so, in the position she feels enables her to push most effectively, but not the supine position. The baby's heart rate should be monitored after every second contraction. Recent guidelines such as those of the World Health Organization(WHO) recommend allowing 2-3 h for the second stage of labor. Uterine fundal pressure has not been shown to be effective, and may be dangerous. Choosing between cesarean section and assisted vaginal birth to overcome delayed second stage requires relevant skill and experience.
Topics: Cesarean Section; Dystocia; Female; Heart Rate, Fetal; Humans; Labor Stage, Second; Parturition; Pregnancy
PubMed: 32360366
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.03.012 -
Obstetrics and Gynecology Sep 2019
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Shoulder; Shoulder Dystocia
PubMed: 31441811
DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003440 -
Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of... Sep 2022Most of our knowledge pertaining to this obstetric emergency has emanated from case reports and retrospective studies that have subsequently resulted in empirical... (Review)
Review
Most of our knowledge pertaining to this obstetric emergency has emanated from case reports and retrospective studies that have subsequently resulted in empirical management protocols. This article has identified the existence of large gaps in our clinical knowledge base regarding the prevention and resolution of shoulder dystocia, as well as its long-term sequelae. We have attempted to challenge current recommendations regarding whether prophylactic cesarean delivery should be performed based on estimated fetal weight alone or a prior history of shoulder dystocia, shoulder dystocia management techniques, what defines "excessive" traction, and the role of simulation training for all clinicians.
Topics: Delivery, Obstetric; Dystocia; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies; Shoulder; Shoulder Dystocia
PubMed: 36122981
DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2022.02.005 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Sep 2023Veterinary care of breeding dogs begins before a breeding takes place, during prebreeding consultations, through matings, gestation, and delivery of newborns. (Review)
Review
Veterinary care of breeding dogs begins before a breeding takes place, during prebreeding consultations, through matings, gestation, and delivery of newborns.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Animals; Dogs; Dystocia; Reproduction; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 37414692
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.05.004 -
Journal of Perinatal Medicine May 2022
Topics: Decapitation; Delivery, Obstetric; Dystocia; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Shoulder; Shoulder Dystocia; Vacuum Extraction, Obstetrical
PubMed: 34904426
DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2021-0638 -
MCN. the American Journal of Maternal... 2020
Topics: Adult; Dystocia; Female; Humans; Oxytocics; Oxytocin; Pregnancy
PubMed: 33074919
DOI: 10.1097/NMC.0000000000000659 -
Emergency Medicine Clinics of North... May 2019A precipitous delivery can be among the most stressful events an emergency physician encounters. The physician must assess 2 patients (mother and fetus) and be prepared... (Review)
Review
A precipitous delivery can be among the most stressful events an emergency physician encounters. The physician must assess 2 patients (mother and fetus) and be prepared to manage a variety of complications that may arise during delivery. A majority of precipitous deliveries result in good outcomes for both mother and baby, but emergency physicians must be prepared to manage feared complications, such as tight nuchal cords, shoulder dystocia, and breech presentation. An understanding of the labor process as well as advanced planning can help decrease the stress and chaos inherent to any precipitous delivery.
Topics: Breech Presentation; Delivery, Obstetric; Dystocia; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Humans; Obstetric Labor Complications; Pregnancy
PubMed: 30940371
DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2019.01.007 -
Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology Dec 2016
Topics: Delivery, Obstetric; Dystocia; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Shoulder
PubMed: 27681695
DOI: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000244 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Jul 2016Dystocia is an inevitable challenge in the livestock industries, particularly with primiparous female animals. Prevention and appropriate management will decrease cow... (Review)
Review
Dystocia is an inevitable challenge in the livestock industries, particularly with primiparous female animals. Prevention and appropriate management will decrease cow and calf morbidity and mortality, which will improve the economic status of the beef or dairy operation. Early identification and proper intervention improves outcomes, and the use of selection tools to decrease the potential for dystocia will have positive returns. Assisted reproductive technologies present a unique set of challenges to the calving process that both the producer and practitioner should be prepared to address.
Topics: Animal Husbandry; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dairying; Dystocia; Female; Pregnancy; Selective Breeding
PubMed: 27324453
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2016.01.016