Did you mean: horner s syndrome
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Cirugia Y Cirujanos 2020Wallenberg syndrome, or lateral medullar syndrome, is the clinical presentation of the infarct in the territory of posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Its signs and... (Review)
Review
Wallenberg syndrome, or lateral medullar syndrome, is the clinical presentation of the infarct in the territory of posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Its signs and symptoms include vertigo, nystagmus, diplopia, ipsilateral Horner syndrome, facial ruddiness and dry skin, dysphonia, dysphagia, dysarthria, ipsilateral loss of gag reflex, ipsilateral ataxia, ipsilateral impaired taste, ipsilateral facial pain and paresthesia, decreased ipsilateral blink reflex, contralateral hypoalgesia and thermoanaesthesia in the trunk and limbs; and ipsilateral facial hypoalgesia and thermoanaesthesia. Neuroanatomical knowledge is essential to its comprehension, study and diagnosis, because the classic neurological manifestations are easy to explain and understand if function and localization of affected anatomical structures are known as if the posterior cerebral circulation is.
Topics: Cerebellum; Cerebral Infarction; Deglutition Disorders; Dysphonia; Facial Pain; Horner Syndrome; Humans; Lateral Medullary Syndrome; Medulla Oblongata; Nystagmus, Pathologic; Reflex, Abnormal; Sensation Disorders; Vertigo
PubMed: 32539005
DOI: 10.24875/CIRU.19000801 -
ACS Chemical Neuroscience Feb 2018Horner syndrome results from an interruption of the oculosympathetic pathway. Patients with Horner syndrome present with a slightly droopy upper lid and a smaller pupil... (Review)
Review
Horner syndrome results from an interruption of the oculosympathetic pathway. Patients with Horner syndrome present with a slightly droopy upper lid and a smaller pupil on the affected side; less commonly, there is a deficiency of sweating over the brow or face on the affected side. This condition does not usually cause vision problems or other significant symptoms, but is important as a warning sign that the oculosympathetic pathway has been interrupted, potentially with serious and even life-threatening processes. The oculosympathetic pathway has a long and circuitous course, beginning in the brain and traveling down the spinal cord to exit in the chest, then up the neck and into the orbit. Therefore, this syndrome with unimpressive clinical findings and insignificant symptoms may be a sign of serious pathology in the head, chest, or neck. This clinical review discusses how to identify the signs, confirm the diagnosis, and evaluate the many causes of Horner syndrome.
Topics: Horner Syndrome; Humans
PubMed: 29260849
DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00405 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Jan 2019Horner's syndrome arises from dysfunction of the oculosympathetic pathway and is characterized by miosis, enophthalmos, protrusion of the third eyelid, and ptosis. It... (Review)
Review
Horner's syndrome arises from dysfunction of the oculosympathetic pathway and is characterized by miosis, enophthalmos, protrusion of the third eyelid, and ptosis. It has been recognized in a wide variety of breeds and ages in small animal patients. The oculosympathetic pathway is a 3-neuron pathway. The central/first order neuron arises from the hypothalamus and extends down the spinal cord. The preganglionic/second order neuron arises from the first 3 thoracic spinal cord segments and travels through the thorax and cervical region until it synapses at the cranial cervical ganglion. The postganglionic/third order neuron travels from this ganglion to the orbit. Topical application of cocaine is the gold standard for differentiating Horner's syndrome from other causes of miosis. Topical 1% phenylephrine allows for identification of a post-ganglion Horner's syndrome. Numerous etiologies have been reported for Horner's syndrome, but idiopathic disease is most common. Ancillary diagnostics include otoscopic examination, thoracic radiographs, or advanced imaging. Treatment and prognosis are determined by the etiology.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Cocaine; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Horner Syndrome; Ophthalmic Solutions
PubMed: 30651655
DOI: No ID Found -
Neurological Sciences : Official... Aug 2023A 56-year-old man presented to the clinic with episodic headaches for several years which had been worsening over a few months prior to the presentation. He described...
A 56-year-old man presented to the clinic with episodic headaches for several years which had been worsening over a few months prior to the presentation. He described headache as sharp, stabbing pain around the left eye associated with nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and phonophobia lasting for hours associated with flushing on the left side of the face. The picture of his face during these episodes showed flushing of the left side of the face, ptosis of the right eyelid, and miosis (panel A). Flushing in his face would resolve with the abortion of the headache. At the time of presentation to the clinic, his neurological exam was only significant for mild left eye ptosis and miosis (panels B and C). Extensive workup including MRI brain, cervical spine, thoracic spine, lumbar spine, CTA head and neck, and CT maxillofacial was unremarkable. He had tried several medications in the past including valproic acid, nortriptyline, and verapamil without significant benefit. He was started on erenumab for migraine prophylaxis and was given sumatriptan for abortive therapy following which his headaches improved. The patient was diagnosed with idiopathic left Horner's syndrome and his migraines with autonomic dysfunction would present with unilateral flushing opposite to the site of Horner's presenting as Harlequin syndrome [1, 2].
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Horner Syndrome; Miosis; Headache
PubMed: 37199876
DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06849-y -
Romanian Journal of Ophthalmology 2020The cerebral vascularization is assured by the 2 internal carotids and 2 vertebral arteries, and the Willis circle. Carotid artery obstruction is the most common... (Review)
Review
The cerebral vascularization is assured by the 2 internal carotids and 2 vertebral arteries, and the Willis circle. Carotid artery obstruction is the most common abnormality associated with ocular ischemic syndrome. Obstruction may be due to atheromatous plaque, external compression, arteritis, or dissection of the artery. An atheromatous lesion of the carotid artery is the most frequent lesion responsible for ocular ischemic syndrome. The signs and symptoms of ocular ischemic syndrome are associated with severe hypoperfusion of the eye. Inflammatory lesions of the carotid artery are responsible for decreased flow in the carotid system. Other vascular emergencies are carotid artery dissection, Horton arteritis, aneurysms and carotid-cavernous fistula. The most common ocular signs and symptoms are transient monocular blindness, persistent monocular blindness, ocular ischemia, Claude Bernard Horner syndrome and oculomotor palsies. The carotid pathology can be a life-threatening pathology and it is important to recognize all these signs and symptoms. A multi-specialty approach will prevent misdiagnosis and lead to a better patient management. OIS = ocular ischemic syndrome, TMB = transient monocular blindness, TIA = transient ischemic attack, ESR = erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP = C reactive protein, NVE = neovascularization elsewhere in the retina, NVD = neovascularization on the disc, AION A = anterior ischemic arteritic optic neuropathy, CBH = Claude Bernard Horner syndrome, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging.
Topics: Emergencies; Global Health; Humans; Incidence; Neurology; Ophthalmology; Vascular Diseases
PubMed: 33367170
DOI: 10.22336/rjo.2020.54 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Apr 2022
Topics: Carotid Artery, Internal; Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection; Horner Syndrome; Humans
PubMed: 35410649
DOI: No ID Found -
The Neurohospitalist Oct 2015Neuro-ophthalmological emergencies constitute vision or life-threatening conditions if diagnosis and treatment are not promptly undertaken. Even with immediate therapy,... (Review)
Review
Neuro-ophthalmological emergencies constitute vision or life-threatening conditions if diagnosis and treatment are not promptly undertaken. Even with immediate therapy, these clinical entities carry a high rate of morbidity. They may present with diplopia, visual loss, and/or anisocoria. Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy is an ominous condition, which can cause permanent and severe vision loss, stroke, or aortic dissection, requiring immediate steroid therapy. Pituitary apoplexy may go unnoticed if only computed axial tomography is performed. Diseases affecting the cavernous sinus and orbital apex region, such as cavernous sinus thrombosis or mucormycosis, can give rise to simultaneous vision loss and diplopia and, if not treated, may extend to the brain parenchyma causing permanent neurological sequela. An isolated third nerve palsy may be the harbinger of a cerebral aneurysm, carrying a significant risk of mortality. Horner syndrome can be the initial presentation of a carotid dissection, an important cause of stroke in the young adult. The neurohospitalist should be familiar with the workup and management of neuro-ophthalmological emergencies.
PubMed: 26425250
DOI: 10.1177/1941874415583117