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PloS One 2021Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) and osteoarthritis(OA) patients showed systemic manifestations that may lead to a reduction in muscle strength, muscle mass and, consequently,...
The effects of resistance training with blood flow restriction on muscle strength, muscle hypertrophy and functionality in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review with meta-analysis.
INTRODUCTION
Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) and osteoarthritis(OA) patients showed systemic manifestations that may lead to a reduction in muscle strength, muscle mass and, consequently, to a reduction in functionality. On the other hand, moderate intensity resistance training(MIRT) and high intensity resistance training(HIRT) are able to improve muscle strength and muscle mass in RA and OA without affecting the disease course. However, due to the articular manifestations caused by these diseases, these patients may present intolerance to MIRT or HIRT. Thus, the low intensity resistance training combined with blood flow restriction(LIRTBFR) may be a new training strategy for these populations.
OBJECTIVE
To perform a systematic review with meta-analysis to verify the effects of LIRTBFR on muscle strength, muscle mass and functionality in RA and OA patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials(RCTs), published in English, between 1957-2021, was conducted using MEDLINE(PubMed), Embase and Cochrane Library. The methodological quality was assessed using Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. The risk of bias was assessed using RoB2.0. Mean difference(MD) or standardized mean difference(SMD) and 95% confidence intervals(CI) were pooled using a random-effects model. A P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
Five RCTs were included. We found no significant differences in the effects between LIRTBFR, MIRT and HIRT on muscle strength, which was assessed by tests of quadriceps strength(SMD = -0.01[-0.57, 0.54], P = 0.96; I² = 58%) and functionality measured by tests with patterns similar to walking(SMD = -0.04[-0.39, 0.31], P = 0.82; I² = 0%). Compared to HIRT, muscle mass gain after LIRTBFR was reported to be similar. When comparing LIRTBFR with low intensity resistance training without blood flow restriction(LIRT), the effect LIRTBFR was reported to be higher on muscle strength, which was evaluated by the knee extension test.
CONCLUSION
LIRTBFR appears to be a promising strategy for gains in muscle strength, muscle mass and functionality in a predominant sample of RA and OA women.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Blood Flow Restriction Therapy; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertrophy; Muscle Strength; Resistance Training
PubMed: 34758045
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259574 -
JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging Nov 2019Pathological left ventricular hypertrophy is a common feature of many cardiac diseases. It results from both myocyte hypertrophy and interstitial expansion. Interstitial... (Review)
Review
Pathological left ventricular hypertrophy is a common feature of many cardiac diseases. It results from both myocyte hypertrophy and interstitial expansion. Interstitial expansion is most commonly secondary to the accumulation of mature cross-linked collagen fibers due to dysregulated metabolism, known as interstitial fibrosis. This occurs secondary to a variety of stimuli including ischemic, toxic, metabolic, infective, genetic, and hemodynamic factors. Less commonly, interstitial expansion may occur because of the accumulation of misfolded amyloid protein or interstitial edema. It is now well recognized that the presence and extent of interstitial disease are associated with adverse outcomes. There is therefore interest in the development of novel therapies that target the pathways that drive these disease processes. With the emergence of such therapies, it is becoming increasingly important to be able to characterize the type and extent of interstitial disease to enable the use of such targeted therapies in a personalized manner.
Topics: Biopsy; Extracellular Space; Fibrosis; Humans; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Myocardium; Tomography, Emission-Computed; Ventricular Function, Left; Ventricular Remodeling
PubMed: 31542527
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.05.033 -
Practical Neurology Oct 2017The physical examination always begins with a thorough inspection and patients with potential neuromuscular weakness are no exception. One question neurologists... (Review)
Review
The physical examination always begins with a thorough inspection and patients with potential neuromuscular weakness are no exception. One question neurologists routinely address during this early part of the assessment is whether or not there is muscle enlargement. This finding may reflect true muscle hypertrophy-myofibres enlarged from repetitive activity, for example, in myotonia congenita or neuromyotonia-or muscles enlarged by the infiltration of fat or other tissue termed pseudohypertrophy or false enlargement. Pseudohypertrophic muscles are frequently paradoxically weak. Recognising such a clinical clue at the bed side can facilitate a diagnosis or at least can narrow down the list of potential suspects. This paper outlines the conditions, both myopathic and neurogenic, that cause muscle enlargement.
Topics: Humans; Hypertrophy; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Diseases
PubMed: 28778933
DOI: 10.1136/practneurol-2017-001695 -
Pediatric Annals Jan 2023Macromastia-overgrowth of the female breast-is distressing and disabling, often starting in middle school and continuing into adulthood. Breast reduction is an effective... (Review)
Review
Macromastia-overgrowth of the female breast-is distressing and disabling, often starting in middle school and continuing into adulthood. Breast reduction is an effective treatment of symptoms of macromastia in adults, and its application in adolescents has been increasing. Special considerations within the adolescent population include interruption of age-appropriate activities, development of healthy body image/esteem, the connection to obesity, potential for postoperative recurrence/continued growth, the effect of surgery on future lactation and breast-feeding, and the adolescent's ability to participate in surgical decision-making (assent). This review highlights these issues and reviews breast reduction surgery outcomes and complications as they apply to the female adolescent. After reading this article, the reader should be able to identify adolescents who may be candidates for breast reduction surgery and have the information needed to counsel patients before their referral to a surgeon. .
Topics: Adult; Female; Adolescent; Humans; Mammaplasty; Breast; Hypertrophy; Obesity
PubMed: 36625798
DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20221114-06 -
Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany) Nov 2019Around 1/1000 people have a solitary kidney. Congenital conditions mainly include multicystic dysplastic kidney and unilateral renal aplasia/agenesis; acquired... (Review)
Review
Around 1/1000 people have a solitary kidney. Congenital conditions mainly include multicystic dysplastic kidney and unilateral renal aplasia/agenesis; acquired conditions are secondary to nephrectomy performed because of urologic structural abnormalities, severe parenchymal infection, renal trauma, and renal or pararenal tumors. Children born with congenital solitary kidney have a better long-term glomerular filtration rate than those with solitary kidney secondary to nephrectomy later in life. Acute and chronic adaptation processes lead to hyperfiltration followed by fibrosis in the remnant kidney, with further risk of albuminuria, arterial hypertension, and impaired renal function. Protective measures rely on non-pharmacological renoprotection (controlled protein and sodium intake, avoidance/limitation of nephrotoxic agents, keeping normal body mass index, and limitation of tobacco exposure). Lifelong monitoring should include blood pressure and albuminuria assessment, completed by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation in case of abnormal values. In the absence of additional risk factors to solitary kidney, such assessment can be proposed every 5 years. There is no current consensus for indication and timing of pharmacological intervention.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adult; Animals; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Models, Animal; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Hypertrophy; Kidney; Kidney Neoplasms; Nephrectomy; Solitary Kidney
PubMed: 30276534
DOI: 10.1007/s00467-018-4085-1 -
Surgery Feb 2019
Topics: Adult; Breast; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mammaplasty; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications
PubMed: 30389173
DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2018.09.019 -
Cirugia Espanola 2018
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 29157631
DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2017.09.018 -
Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Et... Jul 2020Clitoral hypertrophy is a rare genital malformation that can be congenital or acquired. In congenital forms, the most common cause is adrenal hyperplasia. The acquired...
Clitoral hypertrophy is a rare genital malformation that can be congenital or acquired. In congenital forms, the most common cause is adrenal hyperplasia. The acquired forms are caused by endocrinological diseases, benign tumours or cysts. Idiopathic clitoral hypertrophies can be detected after the elimination of secondary causes. A complete assessment is needed to treat the origin of clitoridomegaly. The hypertrophy is often increased or unmasked during sexual arousal with the appearance of a true vulvar appendage in erection. It is often accompanied by a hypertrophy of the clitoral hood and can cause psychological suffering with an impact on the quality of sexual life. When the cause of clitoral hypertrophy is diagnosed, treated or stabilized, the plastic surgeon may be called upon for surgical correction. Reconstructive surgery in this area has evolved considerably since the historical clitoral amputations which led to the current technique of partial resection with sparing the dorsal neurovascular pedicle of the clitoris as described by Professor Paniel. We propose a modified conservative technique to treat clitoral hypertrophy and the clitoral hood and present two clinical cases: ventral reduction clitoridoplasty with preservation of the neurovascular pedicle associated with a chevron plasty of the clitoral hood and a lipofilling of the labia majora. The postoperative follow-up is simple with reports of great satisfaction from patients regarding their quality of life.
Topics: Clitoris; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy; Quality of Life; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Vulva
PubMed: 32482351
DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2019.10.002 -
FASEB Journal : Official Publication of... Aug 2020Hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum (LF), along with disk protrusion and facet joints degeneration, is associated with the development of lumbar spinal canal stenosis... (Review)
Review
Hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum (LF), along with disk protrusion and facet joints degeneration, is associated with the development of lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS). Of note, LF hypertrophy is deemed as an important cause of LSCS. Histologically, fibrosis is proved to be the main pathology of LF hypertrophy. Despite the numerous studies explored the mechanisms of LF fibrosis at the molecular and cellular levels, the exact mechanism remains unknown. It is suggested that pathophysiologic stimuli such as mechanical stress, aging, obesity, and some diseases are the causative factors. Then, many cytokines and growth factors secreted by LF cells and its surrounding tissues play different roles in activating the fibrotic response. Here, we summarize the current status of detailed knowledge available regarding the causative factors, pathology, molecular and cellular mechanisms implicated in LF fibrosis and hypertrophy, also focusing on the possible avenues for anti-fibrotic strategies.
Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Fibrosis; Humans; Hypertrophy; Ligamentum Flavum; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 32608536
DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000635R -
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Jun 2022It is difficult to plan a simple and effective surgical strategy for patients with horizontal and vertical redundant tissue of the labia minora and clitoral hood... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
It is difficult to plan a simple and effective surgical strategy for patients with horizontal and vertical redundant tissue of the labia minora and clitoral hood redundancy. A single edge resection or wedge resection labiaplasty with clitoral hood reduction that simultaneously resolves these three issues has yet to be reported. This study investigated the clinical effects and safety of trilobal labiaplasty via a composite incision.
METHODS
The single-center, retrospective, observational study included data from patients with hypertrophy of the labia minora and clitoral hood who underwent trilobal labiaplasty.
RESULTS
Altogether, 136 patients (average age: 31.6 ± 8.82 years; range: 21-53 years; 224 sides) sought surgery for aesthetic (39/136, 28.7%), functional (17/136, 12.5%), or both reasons (80/136, 58.8%). Overall, 134 patients (134/136, 98.5%) were followed up for 3 months. No serious complications or malformations occurred. Three patients (2.2%) underwent secondary repair surgery due to incomplete bilateral symmetry, 122 (91.0%) scored ≥ 21 points on the Female Genital Self-Image Scale, 107 (91.5%) were satisfied with the cosmetic outcomes, and 93 (95.9%) were satisfied with the functional improvement.
CONCLUSIONS
Trilobal labiaplasty performed via a composite incision using edge and wedge labiaplasty to adjust horizontal and vertical hypertrophy of the labia minora and remove lateral folds of the clitoris is a safe and effective method to improve the appearance and rearrange the position of the clitoral hood and clitoral frenulum while preserving the fine structure of the surrounding tissue. This method results in few complications and high functional and aesthetic satisfaction rates.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Young Adult; Clitoris; Hypertrophy; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Retrospective Studies; Surgical Wound; Vulva; Middle Aged
PubMed: 35303122
DOI: 10.1007/s00266-022-02841-7