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Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North... May 2017There is controversy regarding optimum treatment of the hypertrophied inferior turbinate. Patients undergoing rhinoplasty will likely need treatment of bony hypertrophy... (Review)
Review
There is controversy regarding optimum treatment of the hypertrophied inferior turbinate. Patients undergoing rhinoplasty will likely need treatment of bony hypertrophy as well as possibly soft tissue hypertrophy. Although inferior turbinate hypertrophy is a heterogeneous entity, future studies should standardize outcome measures and compare treatment methods with rigorous clinical trials.
Topics: Humans; Hypertrophy; Nasal Obstruction; Nasal Septum; Rhinoplasty; Treatment Outcome; Turbinates
PubMed: 28340648
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2016.12.003 -
International Journal of Dermatology Apr 2023Chronic paronychia is an inflammatory process of the nail folds lasting more than 6 weeks. Clinically, there is hypertrophy and retraction of the folds and absence of...
BACKGROUND
Chronic paronychia is an inflammatory process of the nail folds lasting more than 6 weeks. Clinically, there is hypertrophy and retraction of the folds and absence of the cuticle. Treatment involves clinical measures and, when there is no response or the hypertrophy of the folds is very pronounced, surgical treatment is indicated. Post-surgical histopathology is little studied in the literature. In this sense, we believe that the histopathological study is important not only for the individualized understanding of the patient's chronic disease, avoiding relapses, but also for the understanding of its pathophysiology and treatment possibilities.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the histopathological changes found in biopsies of the proximal nail fold of patients with chronic paronychia undergoing surgical treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A histopathological study of 16 nail folds from 6 patients after surgery was performed at 2 study centers.
RESULTS
The most prevalent epidermal findings were orthokeratosis, hypergranulosis, acanthosis and spongiosis and the dermal findings were fibrosis and mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate.
CONCLUSION
The histopathological study allowed us to conclude that chronic paronychia is primarily an inflammatory process, but it is not possible to conclude whether microorganisms such as Candida and bacterial cocci are part of the etiology or just secondary and opportunistic agents.
Topics: Humans; Paronychia; Nails; Neoplasms; Fibrosis; Chronic Disease; Keratosis; Hypertrophy
PubMed: 36631425
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16564 -
Reumatologia Clinica 2017Calf pseudohypertrophy due to radiculopathy is an exceptional phenomenon rarely described. We report a 67 year old woman with a previous history of lumbar disc surgery...
Calf pseudohypertrophy due to radiculopathy is an exceptional phenomenon rarely described. We report a 67 year old woman with a previous history of lumbar disc surgery consulting by progressive increase for more than a year of evolution painless right calf associated loss of strength. Electromyographic findings showed chronic S1 radiculopathy and radiologically was appreciated in the medial gastrocnemius and soleus rights substitution of normal muscle tissue by adipose tissue without evidence of myopathy or sarcomatous degeneration.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy; Leg; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Diseases; Radiculopathy
PubMed: 27101742
DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2016.02.012 -
Immune-Mediated Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis and its Mimickers: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings.Academic Radiology Nov 2023Hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP) is a rare and chronic inflammatory disorder presenting as localized or diffuse thickening of the dura mater. It can be idiopathic or an... (Review)
Review
Hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP) is a rare and chronic inflammatory disorder presenting as localized or diffuse thickening of the dura mater. It can be idiopathic or an unusual manifestation of immune-mediated, infectious, and neoplastic conditions. Although some cases may remain asymptomatic, HP can lead to progressive headaches, cranial nerve palsies, hydrocephalus, and other neurological complications, which makes its recognition a fundamental step for prompt treatment. Regarding the diagnosis workup, enhanced MRI is the most useful imaging method to evaluate dural thickening. This article addresses the MR imaging patterns of immune-mediated HP, including immunoglobulin G4-related disease, neurosarcoidosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, rheumatoid pachymeningitis, and idiopathic HP. The main infectious and neoplastic mimicking entities are also discussed with reference to conventional and advanced MR sequences.
Topics: Humans; Diagnosis, Differential; Dura Mater; Hypertrophy; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Meningitis
PubMed: 36882352
DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.01.017 -
Clinics in Plastic Surgery Apr 2016Gigantomastia is a disabling condition for patients and presents unique challenges to plastic surgeons. Presentation can occur throughout different phases of life, and... (Review)
Review
Gigantomastia is a disabling condition for patients and presents unique challenges to plastic surgeons. Presentation can occur throughout different phases of life, and treatment often begins with nonoperative measures; however, the most effective way to relieve symptoms is surgical breast reduction. Because of the large amount of tissue removed, surgeons can encounter different intraoperative and postoperative complications. By understanding this disease process and these complications, surgeons can attempt to minimize their occurrences. The authors present an overview of the cause, preoperative evaluation, techniques, and outcomes. Additionally, they present outcomes data from their center on 40 patients.
Topics: Breast; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy; Mammaplasty
PubMed: 27012802
DOI: 10.1016/j.cps.2015.12.006 -
EBioMedicine May 2022The adipocyte-hypertrophy associated remodeling of fat cell function is considered causal for the development of metabolic disorders. A better understanding of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The adipocyte-hypertrophy associated remodeling of fat cell function is considered causal for the development of metabolic disorders. A better understanding of transcriptome and fatty acid (FA) related alterations with adipocyte hypertrophy combined with less-invasive strategies for the detection of the latter can help to increase the prognostic and diagnostic value of adipocyte size and FA composition as markers for metabolic disease.
METHODS
To clarify adipocyte-hypertrophy associated transcriptomic alterations, fat cell size was related to RNA-Seq data from white adipose tissue and size-separated adipocytes. The relationship between adipocyte size and adipose tissue FA composition as measured by GC-MS was investigated. MR spectroscopy (MRS) methods for clinical scanning were developed to characterize adipocyte size and FA composition in a fast and non-invasive manner.
FINDINGS
With enlarged adipocyte size, substantial transcriptomic alterations of genes involved in mitochondrial function and FA metabolism were observed. Investigations of these two mechanisms revealed a reciprocal relationship between adipocyte size and estimated thermogenic adipocyte content as well as depot-specific correlations of adipocyte size and FA composition. MRS on a clinical scanner was suitable for the in-parallel assessment of adipose morphology and FA composition.
INTERPRETATION
The current study provides a comprehensive overview of the adipocyte-hypertrophy associated transcriptomic and FA landscape in both subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue. MRS represents a promising technique to translate the observed mechanistic, structural and functional changes in WAT with adipocyte hypertrophy into a clinical context for an improved phenotyping of WAT in the context of metabolic diseases.
FUNDING
Competence network for obesity (FKZ 42201GI1128), ERC (No 677661, ProFatMRI; No 875488, FatVirtualBiopsy), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Foundation.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Fatty Acids; Humans; Hypertrophy; Transcriptome
PubMed: 35490555
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104020 -
Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) Dec 2019Following surgical removal of one kidney, the other enlarges and increases its function. The mechanism for the sensing of this change and the growth is incompletely... (Review)
Review
Following surgical removal of one kidney, the other enlarges and increases its function. The mechanism for the sensing of this change and the growth is incompletely understood but begins within days and compensatory renal hypertrophy (CRH) is the dominant contributor to the growth. In many individuals undergoing nephrectomy for cancer or kidney donation this produces a substantial and helpful increase in renal function. Two main mechanisms have been proposed, one in which increased activity by the remaining kidney leads to hypertrophy, the second in which there is release of a kidney specific factor in response to a unilateral nephrectomy that initiates CRH. Whilst multiple growth factors and pathways such as the mTORC pathway have been implicated in experimental studies, their roles and the precise mechanism of CRH are not defined. Unrestrained hypoxia inducible factor activation in renal cancer promotes growth and may play an important role in driving CRH.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Cell Enlargement; Cell Proliferation; Humans; Hypertrophy; Kidney; Nephrectomy; Organ Size; Postoperative Period
PubMed: 30809888
DOI: 10.1111/nep.13578 -
The American Journal of Forensic... Dec 2023Hypertrophy of the heart is assessed by heart weight (and dimensions) and myocyte hypertrophy. Establishing an association between the two may be useful in assessing...
Hypertrophy of the heart is assessed by heart weight (and dimensions) and myocyte hypertrophy. Establishing an association between the two may be useful in assessing hypertrophy in cases where there are limitations in assessing the heart weight. This preliminary study explored the association between the number of binucleated myocytes (a feature of myocyte hypertrophy) in a randomly chosen single high-power field of the left ventricular free wall and heart weight in an adult White population. It also compared the number of binucleated myocytes between cases with increased heart weight (>400 g in female and >500 g in male) and cases with normal heart weight. Heart weight and number of binucleated myocytes correlated significantly in male only. Increased heart weight had a significantly higher number of binucleated myocytes, with 8.5 binucleated myocytes being able to segregate cases with increased heart weight (74% sensitivity and 79% specificity). The results of this study showed the number of binucleated myocytes may have a complementary role in assessing hypertrophy of the heart.
Topics: Adult; Male; Female; Humans; Myocardium; Heart; Cardiomegaly; Heart Ventricles; Hypertrophy; Muscle Cells; Myocytes, Cardiac
PubMed: 37527350
DOI: 10.1097/PAF.0000000000000869 -
Home Healthcare Nurse Sep 2014
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Hypertrophy; Insulin; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 25171243
DOI: 10.1097/NHH.0000000000000122 -
Journal of Clinical Hypertension... Apr 2017Systemic hypertension and physical exercise are both associated with cardiac adaptations. The impact is most prominent on the left side of the heart, which hypertrophies... (Review)
Review
Systemic hypertension and physical exercise are both associated with cardiac adaptations. The impact is most prominent on the left side of the heart, which hypertrophies leading to left ventricular hypertrophy. This article reviews structural and functional cardiac changes seen in hypertensive and athlete's hearts.
Topics: Athletes; Exercise; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular
PubMed: 28247560
DOI: 10.1111/jch.12977