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Raman Spectroscopy and Microscopy Applications in Cardiovascular Diseases: From Molecules to Organs.Biosensors Nov 2018Noninvasive and label-free vibrational spectroscopy and microscopy methods have shown great potential for clinical diagnosis applications. Raman spectroscopy is based on... (Review)
Review
Noninvasive and label-free vibrational spectroscopy and microscopy methods have shown great potential for clinical diagnosis applications. Raman spectroscopy is based on inelastic light scattering due to rotational and vibrational modes of molecular bonds. It has been shown that Raman spectra provide chemical signatures of changes in biological tissues in different diseases, and this technique can be employed in label-free monitoring and clinical diagnosis of several diseases, including cardiovascular studies. However, there are very few literature reviews available to summarize the state of art and future applications of Raman spectroscopy in cardiovascular diseases, particularly cardiac hypertrophy. In addition to conventional clinical approaches such as electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiogram (cardiac ultrasound), positron emission tomography (PET), cardiac computed tomography (CT), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), applications of vibrational spectroscopy and microscopy will provide invaluable information useful for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Various in vivo and ex vivo investigations can potentially be performed using Raman imaging to study and distinguish pathological and physiological cardiac hypertrophies and understand the mechanisms of other cardiac diseases. Here, we have reviewed the recent literature on Raman spectroscopy to study cardiovascular diseases covering investigations on the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ level.
Topics: Cardiomegaly; Cardiovascular Diseases; Positron-Emission Tomography; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 30424523
DOI: 10.3390/bios8040107 -
Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases... Jun 2023Post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is the Achilles' heel of hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases. The most commonly used procedure to generate... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Simultaneous portal and hepatic vein embolization is better than portal embolization or ALPPS for hypertrophy of future liver remnant before major hepatectomy: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is the Achilles' heel of hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases. The most commonly used procedure to generate hypertrophy of the functional liver remnant (FLR) is portal vein embolization (PVE), which does not always lead to successful hypertrophy. Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) has been proposed to overcome the limitations of PVE. Liver venous deprivation (LVD), a technique that includes simultaneous portal and hepatic vein embolization, has also been proposed as an alternative to ALPPS. The present study aimed to conduct a systematic review as the first network meta-analysis to compare the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of the three regenerative techniques.
DATA SOURCES
A systematic search for literature was conducted using the electronic databases Embase, PubMed (MEDLINE), Google Scholar and Cochrane.
RESULTS
The time to operation was significantly shorter in the ALPPS cohort than in the PVE and LVD cohorts by 27 and 22 days, respectively. Intraoperative parameters of blood loss and the Pringle maneuver demonstrated non-significant differences between the PVE and LVD cohorts. There was evidence of a significantly higher FLR hypertrophy rate in the ALPPS cohort when compared to the PVE cohort, but non-significant differences were observed when compared to the LVD cohort. Notably, the LVD cohort demonstrated a significantly better FLR/body weight (BW) ratio compared to both the ALPPS and PVE cohorts. Both the PVE and LVD cohorts demonstrated significantly lower major morbidity rates compared to the ALPPS cohort. The LVD cohort also demonstrated a significantly lower 90-day mortality rate compared to both the PVE and ALPPS cohorts.
CONCLUSIONS
LVD in adequately selected patients may induce adequate and profound FLR hypertrophy before major hepatectomy. Present evidence demonstrated significantly lower major morbidity and mortality rates in the LVD cohort than in the ALPPS and PVE cohorts.
Topics: Humans; Hepatectomy; Hepatic Veins; Network Meta-Analysis; Treatment Outcome; Liver; Portal Vein; Liver Neoplasms; Hepatomegaly; Hypertrophy; Embolization, Therapeutic; Ligation
PubMed: 36100542
DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2022.08.013 -
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica Oct 2023Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) activation-induced hepatomegaly is accompanied by hepatocyte hypertrophy around the central vein (CV) area and...
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) activation-induced hepatomegaly is accompanied by hepatocyte hypertrophy around the central vein (CV) area and hepatocyte proliferation around the portal vein (PV) area. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this spatial change of hepatocytes remains unclear. In this study, we examined the characteristics and possible reasons for the zonation distinction of hypertrophy and proliferation during PPARα activation-induced mouse liver enlargement. Mice were injected with corn oil or a typical mouse PPARα agonist WY-14643 (100 mg·kg·d, i.p.) for 1, 2, 3, 5 or 10 days. At each time point, the mice were sacrificed after the final dose, and liver tissues and serum were harvested for analysis. We showed that PPARα activation induced zonal changes in hepatocyte hypertrophy and proliferation in the mice. In order to determine the zonal expression of proteins related to hepatocyte hypertrophy and proliferation in PPARα-induced liver enlargement, we performed digitonin liver perfusion to separately destroy the hepatocytes around the CV or PV areas, and found that PPARα activation-induced increase magnitude of its downstream targets such as cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4 A and acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1) levels around the CV area were higher compared with those around the PV area. Upregulation of proliferation-related proteins such as cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin A1 (CCNA1) after WY-14643-induced PPARα activation mainly occurred around the PV area. This study reveals that the zonal expression of PPARα targets and proliferation-related proteins is responsible for the spatial change of hepatocyte hypertrophy and proliferation after PPARα activation. These findings provide a new insight into the understanding of PPARα activation-induced liver enlargement and regeneration.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Cell Proliferation; Hepatocytes; Hepatomegaly; Hypertrophy; Liver; Mice, Knockout; PPAR alpha
PubMed: 37193756
DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01096-5 -
Journal of Applied Physiology... Nov 2015Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is the most common myocardial structural abnormality associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). LVH is... (Review)
Review
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is the most common myocardial structural abnormality associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). LVH is driven by neurohumoral activation, increased mechanical load, and cytokines associated with arterial hypertension, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and other comorbidities. Here we discuss the experimental and clinical evidence that links LVH to diastolic dysfunction and qualifies LVH as one diagnostic marker for HFpEF. Mechanisms leading to diastolic dysfunction in LVH are incompletely understood, but may include extracellular matrix changes, vascular dysfunction, as well as altered cardiomyocyte mechano-elastical properties. Beating cardiomyocytes from HFpEF patients have not yet been studied, but we and others have shown increased Ca(2+) turnover and impaired relaxation in cardiomyocytes from hypertrophied hearts. Structural myocardial remodeling can lead to heterogeneity in regional myocardial contractile function, which contributes to diastolic dysfunction in HFpEF. In the clinical setting of patients with compound comorbidities, diastolic dysfunction may occur independently of LVH. This may be one explanation why current approaches to reduce LVH have not been effective to improve symptoms and prognosis in HFpEF. Exercise training, on the other hand, in clinical trials improved exercise tolerance and diastolic function, but did not reduce LVH. Thus current clinical evidence does not support regression of LVH as a surrogate marker for (short-term) improvement of HFpEF.
Topics: Animals; Calcium Signaling; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Myocardium; Stroke Volume
PubMed: 26183480
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00374.2015 -
The Laryngoscope Mar 2024Pediatric inferior turbinate hypertrophy (PedTH) is a frequent and often overlooked cause or associated cause of nasal breathing difficulties. This clinical consensus...
OBJECTIVE
Pediatric inferior turbinate hypertrophy (PedTH) is a frequent and often overlooked cause or associated cause of nasal breathing difficulties. This clinical consensus statement (CCS) aims to provide a diagnosis and management framework covering the lack of specific guidelines for this condition and addressing the existing controversies.
METHODS
A clinical consensus statement (CCS) was developed by a panel of 20 contributors from 7 different European and North American countries using the modified Delphi method. The aim of the CCS was to offer a multidisciplinary reference framework for the management of PedTH on the basis of shared clinical experience and analysis of the strongest evidence currently available.
RESULTS
A systematic literature review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria was performed. From the initial 96 items identified, 7 articles were selected based on higher-evidence items such as randomized-controlled trials, guidelines, and systematic reviews. A 34-statement survey was developed, and after three rounds of voting, 2 items reached strong consensus, 17 reached consensus or near consensus, and 15 had no consensus.
CONCLUSIONS
Until further prospective data are available, our CCS should provide a useful reference for PedTH management. PedTH should be considered a nasal obstructive disease not necessarily related to an adult condition but frequently associated with other nasal or craniofacial disorders. Diagnosis requires clinical examination and endoscopy, whereas rhinomanometry, nasal cytology, and questionnaires have little clinical role. Treatment choice should consider the specific indications and features of the available options, with a preference for less invasive procedures.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
5 Laryngoscope, 134:1437-1444, 2024.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Child; Turbinates; Endoscopy; Physical Examination; Rhinomanometry; Nose Diseases; Hypertrophy
PubMed: 37497872
DOI: 10.1002/lary.30907 -
Revue Medicale de Bruxelles 2018Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is defined by an increase in left ventricular mass. LVH can be adaptive and related to an increase in left ventricular pressure or... (Review)
Review
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is defined by an increase in left ventricular mass. LVH can be adaptive and related to an increase in left ventricular pressure or volume load, or can be related to a primary myocardial disease including sarcomeric, inflammatory or infiltrative disorders. The prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy increases with age, and its presence is a risk factor for cardiovascular events and death. Recognizing the exact condition underlying LVH is a key step to provide an optimal medical management of those patients, including risk stratification, prognosis and treatment. By the use of multimodal imaging, by the appropriate use of genetics, and by considering clinical, electrical and biological red flags, the identification of the underlying disease becomes more and more achievable in the clinics, without the need for a myocardial biopsy. This review describes the recent diagnostic advances for the medical management of left ventricular hypertrophy.
Topics: Cardiomyopathies; Humans; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular
PubMed: 30320982
DOI: No ID Found -
Dermatologic Surgery : Official... Dec 2019Hypertrophic granulation tissue (HGT) is an uncommon but a frustrating complication of wound healing. Given its low prevalence and often refractory nature, many... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Hypertrophic granulation tissue (HGT) is an uncommon but a frustrating complication of wound healing. Given its low prevalence and often refractory nature, many treatment options have been explored.
OBJECTIVE
No comprehensive review exists on HGT management in dermatology literature; thus, the authors hope to compile a review of available treatments.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An exhaustive key word search of 3 databases was performed for treatment of HGT. Results from these reports were summarized in this review.
RESULTS
Methods of treatment included silver nitrate, topical steroids (n = 11), intralesional steroids (n = 55), steroid tape (n = 25), surgical removal, polyurethane foam dressing (n = 32), and pulsed-dye laser (n = 13).
CONCLUSION
With all treatment methods, the cases and studies reported varying degrees of successful treatment with HGT reduction. Given the lack of published literature, it remains unknown whether the initial injury preceding HGT formation determines treatment modality success. For HGT refractory to silver nitrate, choice of treatment depends on accessibility, ease of use, cost, and location of the wound. Intralesional and topical steroids should both be considered. Polyurethane foam can be considered an adjunct treatment. If resources allow, laser treatment should also be considered.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Burns; Combined Modality Therapy; Enteral Nutrition; Glucocorticoids; Granulation Tissue; Humans; Hypertrophy; Injections, Intralesional; Laser Therapy; Mohs Surgery; Polyurethanes; Prevalence; Skin; Treatment Outcome; Varicose Ulcer; Wound Healing
PubMed: 31403535
DOI: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000002059 -
European Archives of... Mar 2022Adenoid or adenotonsillar hypertrophy (AATH) causes upper airway obstruction, leading to cardiovascular complications. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
Adenoid or adenotonsillar hypertrophy (AATH) causes upper airway obstruction, leading to cardiovascular complications. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy (AATE) on the cardiovascular system.
METHODS
Using the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, and EMBASE databases, we identified studies involving a comparison of preoperative and postoperative cardiovascular function in children with AATH. The Cochrane Collaboration's Review Manager 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 13 studies with 706 participants were included. The meta-analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) of patients after AATE compared with preoperative values. The left ventricular myocardial function index (LVMPI) and the right ventricular myocardial function index (RVMPI) showed a significant decrease after the operation. Moreover, AATE prominently increased left ventricular ejection time (LVET) and right ventricular ejection time (RVET) and reduced the left ventricular interventricular septum diameter (LVIVSD) and the right ventricular end-diastolic diameter (RVedD). There was no significant difference in mPAP, LVMPI, RVMPI, LVET, RVET, LVIVSD, and RVedD between postoperative patients and healthy children (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
AATE can improve cardiovascular function in pediatric patients with AATH. Specifically, it reduces mPAP and LVMPI/RVMPI in pediatric patients. Furthermore, AATE increases LVET and RVET and reduces LVIVSD and RVedD.
Topics: Adenoidectomy; Adenoids; Airway Obstruction; Child; Humans; Hypertrophy; Pulmonary Artery; Tonsillectomy
PubMed: 34269887
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-06986-0 -
The Canadian Journal of Cardiology Sep 2018
Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Cardiomegaly; Electrocardiography; Ethnicity; Humans; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular
PubMed: 30170665
DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.005 -
Toxicologic Pathology Jul 2023Toxicology studies in nonhuman primates were conducted to evaluate selective, brain penetrant inhibitors of LRRK2. GNE 7915 was limited to 7-day administration in...
Toxicology studies in nonhuman primates were conducted to evaluate selective, brain penetrant inhibitors of LRRK2. GNE 7915 was limited to 7-day administration in cynomolgus monkeys at 65 mg/kg/day or limited to 14 days in rhesus at 22.5 mg/kg b.i.d. due to physical signs. Compound 25 demonstrated acceptable tolerability at 50 and 225 mg/kg b.i.d. for 7 days in rhesus monkeys. MK-1468 was tolerated during 7-day administration at 100, 200 or 800 mg/kg/day or for 30-day administration at 30, 100, or 500 mg/kg b.i.d. in rhesus monkeys. The lungs revealed hypertrophy of type 2 pneumocytes, with accumulation of intra-alveolar macrophages. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed increased lamellar structures within hypertrophic type 2 pneumocytes. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of type 2 pneumocytes with accumulation of intra-alveolar macrophages admixed with neutrophils were prominent at peripheral lungs of animals receiving compound 25 or MK-1468. Affected type 2 pneumocytes were immuno-positive for pro-surfactant C, but negative for CD11c, a marker for intra-alveolar macrophages. Accumulation of collagen within alveolar walls, confirmed by histochemical trichrome stain, accompanied changes described for compound 25 and MK-1468. Following a 12-week treatment-free interval, animals previously receiving MK-1468 for 30 days exhibited remodeling of alveolar structure and interstitial components that did not demonstrate reversibility.
Topics: Animals; Macaca mulatta; Lung; Pulmonary Alveoli; Macrophages, Alveolar; Hypertrophy
PubMed: 37916535
DOI: 10.1177/01926233231205895