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Thoracic Surgery Clinics Nov 2022Complex esophageal reconstruction represents a high risk and challenging procedure. A dedicated pathway with multispecialty teams can facilitate a systematic checklist... (Review)
Review
Complex esophageal reconstruction represents a high risk and challenging procedure. A dedicated pathway with multispecialty teams can facilitate a systematic checklist approach to perioperative management and evaluation of long-term outcomes. Refinements in the operative technique for supercharged pedicled jejunum (SPJ) for long segment interposition in esophageal reconstruction are reviewed in this article. Medical and surgical complications among this complex niche group of patients are significant and require care in specialist centers with a focused team. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in long-segment SPJ interposition are recognized to provide additional monitoring of surgical outcomes and may help guide interventions for subsequent symptom control.
Topics: Humans; Anastomosis, Surgical; Esophagus; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Jejunum
PubMed: 36266038
DOI: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2022.07.007 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Mar 2020
Review
Topics: Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y; Contrast Media; Diagnosis, Differential; Esophagus; Fluoroscopy; Gastrectomy; Humans; Jejunum; Postoperative Complications; Syndrome
PubMed: 31822967
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-02361-0 -
RoFo : Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiete Der... Oct 2020
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Cholecystectomy; Diagnosis, Differential; Gallstones; Humans; Intussusception; Jejunum; Male; Postoperative Complications; Reoperation; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 32106327
DOI: 10.1055/a-1112-0095 -
RoFo : Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiete Der... Jul 2019
Topics: Abdomen, Acute; Adult; Colon, Ascending; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Jejunum; Laparoscopy; Mesenteric Cyst; Peritonitis; Rupture, Spontaneous; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 30703828
DOI: 10.1055/a-0832-2468 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024This work aimed to study the effect of repeated exposure to low doses of ozone on alpha-synuclein and the inflammatory response in the , jejunum, and colon. Seventy-two...
This work aimed to study the effect of repeated exposure to low doses of ozone on alpha-synuclein and the inflammatory response in the , jejunum, and colon. Seventy-two male Wistar rats were divided into six groups. Each group received one of the following treatments: The control group was exposed to air. The ozone groups were exposed for 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days for 0.25 ppm for four hours daily. Afterward, they were anesthetized, and their tissues were extracted and processed using Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and qPCR. The results indicated a significant increase in alpha-synuclein in the and jejunum from 7 to 60 days of exposure and an increase in NFκB from 7 to 90 days in the , while in the jejunum, a significant increase was observed at 7 and 15 days and a decrease at 60 and 90 days for the colon. Interleukin IL-17 showed an increase at 90 days in the in the jejunum and increases at 30 days and in the colon at 15 and 90 days. Exposure to ozone increases the presence of alpha-synuclein and induces the loss of regulation of the inflammatory response, which contributes significantly to degenerative processes.
Topics: Animals; alpha-Synuclein; Ozone; Jejunum; Male; Rats; Colon; Substantia Nigra; Rats, Wistar; Inflammation; NF-kappa B; Interleukin-17
PubMed: 38791561
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105526 -
BMC Veterinary Research Jun 2024ATPase activity and the antioxidant function of intestinal tissue can reflect intestinal cell metabolic activity and oxidative damage, which might be related to...
Relationship between jejunum ATPase activity and antioxidant function on the growth performance, feed conversion efficiency, and jejunum microbiota in Hu sheep (Ovis aries).
BACKGROUND
ATPase activity and the antioxidant function of intestinal tissue can reflect intestinal cell metabolic activity and oxidative damage, which might be related to intestinal function. However, the specific influence of intestinal ATPase activity and antioxidant function on growth performance, feed conversion efficiency, and the intestinal microbiota in sheep remains unclear.
RESULTS
This study analyzed the correlation between ATPase activity and antioxidant function in the jejunum of 92 Hu sheep and their growth performance and feed conversion efficiency. Additionally, individuals with the highest (H group) and lowest (L group) jejunum MDA content and Na K-ATPase activity were further screened, and the effects of jejunum ATPase activity and MDA content on the morphology and microbial community of sheep intestines were analyzed. There was a significant correlation between jejunum ATPase and SOD activity and the initial weight of Hu sheep (P < 0.01). The H-MDA group exhibited significantly higher average daily gain (ADG) from 0 to 80 days old and higher body weight (BW) after 80 days. ATPase and SOD activities, and MDA levels correlated significantly and positively with heart weight. The jejunum crypt depth and circular muscle thickness in the H-ATP group were significantly higher than in the L-ATP group, and the villus length, crypt depth, and longitudinal muscle thickness in the H-MDA group were significantly higher than in the L-MDA group (P < 0.01). High ATPase activity and MDA content significantly reduced the jejunum microbial diversity, as indicated by the Chao1 index and observed species, and affected the relative abundance of specific taxa. Among species, the relative abundance of Olsenella umbonata was significantly higher in the H-MDA group than in the L-MDA group (P < 0.05), while Methanobrevibacter ruminantium abundance was significantly lower than in the L-MDA group (P < 0.05). In vitro culture experiments confirmed that MDA promoted the proliferation of Olsenella umbonata. Thus, ATPase and SOD activities in the jejunum tissues of Hu sheep are predominantly influenced by congenital factors, and lambs with higher birth weights exhibit lower Na K-ATPase, Ca Mg-ATPase, and SOD activities.
CONCLUSIONS
The ATPase activity and antioxidant performance of intestinal tissue are closely related to growth performance, heart development, and intestinal tissue morphology. High ATPase activity and MDA content reduced the microbial diversity of intestinal tissue and affect the relative abundance of specific taxa, representing a potential interaction between the host and its intestinal microbiota.
Topics: Animals; Jejunum; Antioxidants; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Sheep; Male; Malondialdehyde; Superoxide Dismutase
PubMed: 38831422
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04100-0 -
Biochimie Nov 2020Although the jejunum is the main intestinal compartment responsible for lipid digestion and absorption, most of the studies assessing the impact of dietary lipids on the... (Review)
Review
Although the jejunum is the main intestinal compartment responsible for lipid digestion and absorption, most of the studies assessing the impact of dietary lipids on the intestinal microbiota have been performed in the ileum, colon and faeces. This lack of interest in the jejunum is due to the much lower number of microbes present in this intestinal region and to the difficulty in accessing its lumen, which requires invasive methods. Recently, several recent publications highlighted that the whole jejunal microbiota or specific bacterial members are able to modulate lipid absorption and metabolism in enterocytes. This information reveals new strategies in the development of bacterial- and metabolite-based therapeutic interventions or nutraceutical recommendations to treat or prevent metabolic-related disorders, including obesity, cardiovascular diseases and malnutrition. This review is strictly focused on the following triad: dietary lipids, the jejunal epithelium and the jejunal microbiota. First, we will describe each member of the triad: the structure and functions of the jejunum, the composition of the jejunal microbiota, and dietary lipid handling by enterocytes and by microorganisms. Then, we will present the mechanisms leading to lipid malabsorption in small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), a disease in which the jejunal microbiota is altered and which highlights the strong interactions among this triad. We will finally review the recent literature about the interactions among members of the triad, which should encourage research teams to further explore the mechanisms by which specific microbial strains or metabolites, alone or in concert, can mediate, control or modulate lipid absorption in the jejunum.
Topics: Animals; Dietary Fats; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum
PubMed: 32949677
DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.09.007 -
Cirugia Espanola Dec 2022Esophageal reconstruction is a very complex surgical procedure, burdened by significant morbidity. Gastroplasty and coloplasty have classically been used. Free jejunal...
INTRODUCTION
Esophageal reconstruction is a very complex surgical procedure, burdened by significant morbidity. Gastroplasty and coloplasty have classically been used. Free jejunal plasty has shown to be a very good option in the treatment of cervical esophagus pathology, but the role of supercharged jejunoplasty in thoracic esophagus reconstruction is still controversial.
METHODS
A retrospective study of esophageal reconstructions with jejunoplasties performed in our unit between January 2011 and December 2019. Epidemiological data, indications, surgical technique, and morbidity and mortality were analyzed.
RESULTS
67 procedures of esophageal reconstruction were performed, 10 of which were jejunoplasties: 5 free jejunums and 5 supercharged. Morbidity, mortality, mean stay and withdrawal time from enteral feeding were lower in free than in supercharged jejunums.
CONCLUSIONS
Supercharged jejunoplasty was the last option for reconstruction of the thoracic esophagus. Median sternotomy access provides an excellent approach to the anterior mediastinum and the internal mammary vessels. The free jejunum would be the first choice, with the indemnity of the rest of the esophagus, in the reconstruction of the cervical esophagus.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Esophagus; Esophagoplasty; Jejunum
PubMed: 36064178
DOI: 10.1016/j.cireng.2022.08.013 -
Toxins Jan 2022Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a widespread mycotoxin produced by fungal species-mainly in maize, one of the plants most commonly used for food and feed. Pigs and horses are the...
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a widespread mycotoxin produced by fungal species-mainly in maize, one of the plants most commonly used for food and feed. Pigs and horses are the animal species most susceptible to this mycotoxin. FB1 exposure can cause highly diverse clinical symptoms, including hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and intestinal barrier function disturbance. Inhibition of ceramide synthetase is a well-understood ubiquitous molecular mechanism of FB1 toxicity, but other more tissue-specific effects remain to be elucidated. To investigate the effects of FB1 in different exposed tissues, we cross-analyzed the transcriptomes of fours organs: liver, jejunum, jejunal Peyer's patches, and spleen. During a four-week study period, pigs were fed a control diet or a FB1-contaminated diet (10 mg/kg feed). In response to oral FB1 exposure, we observed common biological processes in the four organs, including predominant and recurrent processes (extracellular matrix organization, integrin activation, granulocyte chemotaxis, neutrophil migration, and lipid and sterol homeostasis), as well as more tissue-specific processes that appeared to be related to lipid outcomes (cell cycle regulation in jejunum, and gluconeogenesis in liver).
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Fumonisins; Gene Expression Regulation; Genome-Wide Association Study; Jejunum; Liver; Peyer's Patches; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 35202111
DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020083 -
Journal of Thermal Biology Jan 2021The mechanism of cooling-induced response of smooth muscles remains little understood despite the increasing importance given to it in recent years. The aim of this...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
The mechanism of cooling-induced response of smooth muscles remains little understood despite the increasing importance given to it in recent years. The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of releasing a relaxant or a contractile substance during cooling from vascular and non-vascular smooth muscles.
METHODS
Assessing the effect of cooling for two different smooth muscles together, vascular (aorta or carotid) which induced relaxation, and non-vascular (jejunum or bladder) which induced contraction. Hanging a pair of smooth muscle strips from different body organs in the same organ bath filled with Krebs solution, each strip was connected to its own transducer and recorder and stepwise cooling was applied. Recordings of isometric tension using organ-bath techniques.
RESULTS
Step-wise cooling (37 °C-4 °C) of aorta and carotid smooth muscle preparations induced reproducible graded relaxation while jejunum and bladder preparations induced reproducible graded tonic contractions, inversely proportional to temperature. The responses of all the smooth muscle preparations were the same magnitude either alone or as a pair in the organ bath. Cooling abolished rhythmic smooth muscle activity of jejunum and bladder. Cooling-induced contraction was reduced by incubation in Ca-free solution. The effect of cooling either relaxation or contraction was not enhanced or attenuated by the presence of the two different smooth muscles with opposite response in the same organ bath, proving the absence of a relaxant or a contractile substance released during cooling.
CONCLUSIONS
Cooling of aorta and carotid artery induced relaxation while jejunum and bladder induced contraction. The response to cooling is inversely proportional to the temperature. There was neither a relaxant nor a contractile substance released from vascular or non-vascular smooth muscles during cooling. Our study suggested that the effect of cooling is through a thermal receptor with two subtype one in the vascular smooth muscle (deep blood vessels) which induces relaxation, and the second in non-vascular smooth muscles (non-vascular organs) that induces contraction and the responses depend on extracellular calcium.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Carotid Arteries; Hypothermia; Jejunum; Male; Muscle Relaxation; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Urinary Bladder
PubMed: 33454046
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102818