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Life Sciences Dec 2019The aim of our study was to study the pathological mechanisms induced by the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on the Enteric Nervous System (ENS).
AIMS
The aim of our study was to study the pathological mechanisms induced by the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on the Enteric Nervous System (ENS).
MAIN METHODS
We evaluated the effect of the chronic arthritis and its treatment with 50 mg/kg quercetin alone (AQ) and combined with 17.5 mg/kg ibuprofen (AIQ) for 60 days on neurons, glial cells and intestinal wall. Other groups were used: control (C), arthritic (A) and arthritic treated with 17.5 mg/kg ibuprofen (AI). After 60 days, the jejunum was removed and processed for immunohistochemical techniques. Immunostainings were performed for HuC/D and S100 (myenteric and submucosal plexuses), and GFAP (only myenteric plexus), while immunolabeling for CD45 and CD20 lymphocytes was performed using cryosections. Western blot was performed for GDNF, S100 and GFAP.
KEY FINDINGS
A group yielded a remarkable density decrease of the neurons and glial cells with morphometric changes in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses, reduction of the GDNF expression and GFAP-related parameters (GFAP expression, occupancy area and GFAP-expressing glial cells) and intestinal inflammation and atrophy of the mucosa and intestinal wall. AQ group substantially reversed most of these effects, except for intestinal atrophy of the jejunum. The AI and AIQ groups displayed lower beneficial results than AQ for parameters related to the neurons and glial cells, although AIQ did not prevent the inflammation of the mucosa.
SIGNIFICANCE
The severe chronic rheumatoid arthritis induced severe effects on ENS and mucosa, and quercetin treatment continues to be an important antioxidant supplement preventing the progression of the RA severity.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Enteric Nervous System; Inflammation; Jejunum; Male; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neuroprotection; Neuroprotective Agents; Quercetin; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 31622607
DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116956 -
Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi =... Nov 2022This work introduces the design and operating procedure of a novel magnetic anastomat for laparoscopic bilioenterostomy. Three techniques (magnetic compression...
This work introduces the design and operating procedure of a novel magnetic anastomat for laparoscopic bilioenterostomy. Three techniques (magnetic compression technique, mechanic control technique and purse string suture technique) are used to design this device. The anastomat is mainly composed of two parts, a magnetic head and a handle. The surgical procedure for laparoscopic bilioenterostomy with this novel anastomat is similar to performing an end-side enteroenterostomy with the circular stapler. After the anastomosis is achieved, the magnetic head is placed at the anastomoses to maintain the digestive tract continuity. The magnetic head would fall into the jejunal lumen when the anastomoses is formed. This surgical approach would bring an innovation to the laparoscopic bilioenterostomy. Performing laparoscopic bilioenterostomy with this magnetic anastomat is safe, reliable and feasible.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Tract; Jejunum; Suture Techniques; Laparoscopy; Anastomosis, Surgical; Magnetic Phenomena
PubMed: 36597387
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-7104.2022.06.007 -
Abdominal Imaging Jan 2015To investigate the computed tomography (CT) features of heterotopic pancreas of the jejunum (HPJ) and to assess their associations with HPJ pathology features.
PURPOSE
To investigate the computed tomography (CT) features of heterotopic pancreas of the jejunum (HPJ) and to assess their associations with HPJ pathology features.
METHODS
In this retrospective series analysis, two radiologists reviewed the CT images of 17 patients with surgically proven HPJ in order to determine in consensus the location, long diameter, margin, shape, contour, and growth pattern of the lesions, the presence of a duct-like structure, the lesion enhancement patterns, including the homogeneity, and the degree of contrast enhancement compared with that of the main pancreas. The pathology features of the surgical specimens were reviewed and their associations with the CT features were assessed.
RESULTS
On CT, the HPJs typically appeared as a small (<3 cm), well-defined, ovoid or flat-shaped mass in the proximal jejunum with multiple and tiny lobulations. The growth pattern varied and the duct-like structure was rarely visible. The HPJs mostly appeared to be homogeneous and exhibited hyper- or isoattenuation compared to the main pancreas in the arterial and portal phases. However, these enhancement patterns varied slightly depending on the microscopic composition of the lesions (i.e., acinar vs. ductal predominance). Most HPJs comprised histologically of large acini, some ducts, and small islet cells, and had ductal communication with the jejunum.
CONCLUSIONS
HPJs typically manifested as small, well-defined, ovoid or flat-shaped, homogeneous, and well-enhancing masses with a microlobulated contour in the proximal jejunum on CT, and their enhancement patterns associated with their microscopic composition. The pathology features of HPJs generally mimic those of the normal pancreas.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Contrast Media; Female; Humans; Iohexol; Jejunum; Male; Middle Aged; Observer Variation; Pancreas; Radiographic Image Enhancement; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult
PubMed: 24934475
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-014-0177-y -
European Journal of Histochemistry : EJH Nov 2021Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is a presynaptic neuronal protein and its structural alterations play an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such...
Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is a presynaptic neuronal protein and its structural alterations play an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). It has been originally described in the brain and aggregated α-syn has also been found in the peripheral nerves including the enteric nervous system (ENS) of PD patients. ENS is a network of neurons and glia found in the gut wall which controls gastrointestinal function independently from the central nervous system. Moreover, two types of epithelial cells are crucial in the creation of an interface between the lumen and the ENS: they are the tuft cells and the enteroendocrine cells (EECs). In addition, the abundant enteric glial cells (EGCs) in the intestinal mucosa play a key role in controlling the intestinal epithelial barrier. Our aim was to localize and characterize the presence of α-syn in the normal human jejunal wall. Surgical specimens of proximal jejunum were collected from patients submitted to pancreaticoduodenectomy and intestinal sections underwent immunohistochemical procedure. Alpha-syn has been found both at the level of ENS and the epithelial cells. To characterize α-syn immunoreactive epithelial cells, we used markers such as choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), useful for the identification of tuft cells. Then we evaluated the co-presence of α-syn with serotonin (5-HT), expressed in EECs. Finally, we used the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (p75NTR), to detect peripheral EGCs. The presence of α-syn has been demonstrated in EECs, but not in the tuft cells. Additionally, p75NTR has been highlighted in EECs of the mucosal layer and co-localized with α-syn in EECs but not with ChAT-positive cells. These findings suggest that α-syn could play a possible role in synaptic transmission of the ENS and may contribute to maintain the integrity of the epithelial barrier of the small intestine through EECs.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Enteric Nervous System; Female; Humans; Jejunum; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroendocrine Cells; alpha-Synuclein
PubMed: 34726359
DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3310 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... Nov 2020We present a rare case of a 60-year-old woman with jejunal schwannoma. This is the first case of intestinal schwannomas detected by video capsule endoscopy.... (Review)
Review
We present a rare case of a 60-year-old woman with jejunal schwannoma. This is the first case of intestinal schwannomas detected by video capsule endoscopy. Characteristic endoscopic and immunohistochemical pictures are presented with a brief literature review.
Topics: Capsule Endoscopy; Female; Humans; Jejunum; Middle Aged; Neurilemmoma
PubMed: 33054292
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2020.6474/2019 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2020This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with (LAB) on intestinal morphology, barrier function, immune response, and antioxidant...
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with (LAB) on intestinal morphology, barrier function, immune response, and antioxidant capacity in weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A total of 36 two-line crossbred (Landrace × large Yorkshire) weaned piglets (28 days old) were divided into three groups: (1) nonchallenged control (CON); (2) LPS-challenged control (LPS); and (3) LAB+LPS treatment (0.2% LAB+LPS). Compared to the LPS piglets, the LAB+LPS piglets improved intestinal morphology, indicated by greater ( < 0.05) villus height in the duodenum and ileum; villus height : crypt depth ratio in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, as well as decreased ( < 0.05) crypt depth in the jejunum and ileum; and better intestinal barrier function, indicated by upregulated ( < 0.05) mRNA expression of tight junction proteins in the intestinal mucosa. Moreover, compared to the LPS piglets, LAB significantly decreased ( < 0.05) concentrations of TNF- and IL-1 in the small intestine and increased ( < 0.05) IL-10 levels in the jejunum and ileum. Additionally, LAB increased ( < 0.05) T-AOC activities of the colon, GSH concentrations of the jejunum, and mRNA expression of CAT and Cu/Zn-SOD, while reduced ( < 0.05) MDA concentrations in the jejunum and ileum in LPS-changed piglets. Collectively, our results indicate that supplementation of LAB improved intestinal integrity and immune response and alleviated intestinal oxidative damage in LPS-challenged piglets.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Dietary Supplements; Duodenum; Female; Ileum; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum; Lactobacillus delbrueckii; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Swine; Weaning
PubMed: 32104535
DOI: 10.1155/2020/6028606 -
Microsurgery May 2023
Topics: Humans; Jejunum; Surgical Flaps; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Laryngectomy
PubMed: 37060234
DOI: 10.1002/micr.31049 -
Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift... Oct 2019We report on a 66-year-old-patient with plasmocytoma, who presented with melena since 3 days, dyspnea and dizzyness.
HISTOLOGY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS
We report on a 66-year-old-patient with plasmocytoma, who presented with melena since 3 days, dyspnea and dizzyness.
INVESTIGATION AND DIAGNOSIS
Because of the laboratory and clinical examination the suspected diagnosis was an active gastrointestinal bleeding. The performed gastroduodenoscopy and sigmoidoscopy could not verify an active bleeding. Thus a contrast-enhanced computed tomography was performed additionally and showed abnormal enhancement as well as a ballooning of the proximal jejunum. Subsequently a jejunoscopy was performed where an actively bleeding mass was found.
TREATMENT AND COURSE
Due to the known medical history of a plasmocytoma and in conjunction with the performed examinations the suspected diagnosis of an extramedullary metastasis of a plasmocytoma in the jejunum was made. Since only temporary control of the bleeding could be achieved, a segmental resection of the small bowel was performed. The following histological examination confirmed the diagnosis.
CONCLUSION
The differential diagnosis for gastrointestinal bleeding includes also rarely neoplastic manifestations in the small bowel. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography can aide in the localization of the bleeding side and determination of the cause of hemorrhage.
Topics: Aged; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Female; Humans; Jejunal Neoplasms; Jejunum; Melena; Plasmacytoma
PubMed: 31634928
DOI: 10.1055/a-0969-7171 -
Annals of Surgical Oncology Jul 2019
Topics: Esophageal Neoplasms; Humans; Jejunal Diseases; Jejunum; Necrosis; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Salvage Therapy
PubMed: 30805808
DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-07155-8 -
Cells Jan 2023Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder linked to intestinal barrier dysfunction and life stress. We have previously reported that female...
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder linked to intestinal barrier dysfunction and life stress. We have previously reported that female sex per se determines an increased susceptibility to intestinal barrier dysfunction after cold pain stress (CPS). We aimed to identify sex-related molecular differences in response to CPS in healthy subjects to understand the origin of sex bias predominance in IBS. In 13 healthy males and 21 females, two consecutive jejunal biopsies were obtained using Watson's capsule, at baseline, and ninety minutes after CPS. Total mucosal RNA and protein were isolated from jejunal biopsies. Expression of genes related to epithelial barrier (), mast cell (MC) activation (), and the glucocorticoid receptor () were analyzed using RT-qPCR. and protein expression were evaluated through immunohistochemistry and western blot, and mucosal inflammation through MC, lymphocyte, and eosinophil numbering. Autonomic, hormonal, and psychological responses to CPS were monitored. We found an increase in jejunal MCs, a reduced and expression, and an increased and expression 90 min after CPS. We also found a significant decrease in , and gene expression, and a decrease in OCLN protein expression only in females, when compared to males. CPS induced a significant increase in blood pressure, plasma cortisol and ACTH, and subjective stress perception in all participants. Specific and independent sex-related molecular responses in epithelial barrier regulation are unraveled by acute stress in the jejunum of healthy subjects and may partially explain female predominance in IBS.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Jejunum; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Biopsy
PubMed: 36766765
DOI: 10.3390/cells12030423