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Function (Oxford, England) 2024We have studied the role of the intestine, kidney, and several hormones when adapting to changes in dietary P concentration. Normal and parathyroidectomized (PTX) rats...
We have studied the role of the intestine, kidney, and several hormones when adapting to changes in dietary P concentration. Normal and parathyroidectomized (PTX) rats were fed pH-matched diets containing 0.1%, 0.6%, and 1.2% P concentrations. Pi uptake was determined in the jejunum and kidney cortex brush border membrane vesicles. Several hormone and ion concentrations were determined in the blood and urine of rats. Both jejunum and kidney cortex Pi transport was regulated with 5 d of chronic feeding of P diets in normal rats. Acute adaptation was determined by switching foods on day 6, which was only clearly observed in the kidney cortex of normal rats, with more statistical variability in the jejunum. However, no paradoxical increase of Pi uptake in the jejunum was reproduced after the acute switch to the 1.2% P diet. Pi uptake in the jejunum was parathyroid hormone (PTH)-independent, but in the kidney, the chronic adaptation was reduced, and no acute dietary adaptations were observed. The NaPi2a protein was more abundant in the PTX than the sham kidneys, but contrary to the modest or absent changes in Pi uptake adaptation, the transporter was similarly regulated by dietary P, as in the sham rats. PTH and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) were the only hormones regulated by all diet changes, even in fasting animals, which exhibited regulated Pi transport despite similar phosphatemia. Evidence of Pi appetite effects was also observed. In brief, our results show new characteristics of Pi adaptations, including a lack of correlation between Pi transport, NaPi2a expression, and PTH/FGF23 concentrations.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Phosphates; Kidney; Parathyroid Hormone; Jejunum; Diet
PubMed: 38033458
DOI: 10.1093/function/zqad063 -
Surgery For Obesity and Related... Feb 2019
Topics: Anastomosis, Surgical; Gastrectomy; Humans; Jejunum; Laparoscopy; Obesity, Morbid
PubMed: 30803883
DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2019.01.011 -
Journal of Dairy Science Jul 2024The intestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in digestive processes and maintains gut health and intestinal homeostasis. These functions may be compromised by...
Heat stress and feeding effects on the mucosa-associated and digesta microbiome and their relationship to plasma and digesta fluid metabolites in the jejunum of dairy cows.
The intestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in digestive processes and maintains gut health and intestinal homeostasis. These functions may be compromised by increased environmental heat, which in turn reduces feed intake and gut integrity and activates the intestinal immune system. It remains unknown whether high ambient temperatures, which cause heat stress (HS) in dairy cows, disturb the eubiosis of the microbial community, and if so, to which extent the reduction in feed intake and the impairment of circulating and intestinal metabolites account for the alterations of the jejunal microbiota. To address these questions, jejunal digesta, mucosa, and plasma samples were collected from cows exposed to heat stress (HS; 28°C, temperature-humidity index [THI] = 76, n = 10), control conditions (CON; 16°C, THI = 60, n = 10), or pair-fed (PF; 16°C, THI = 60, n = 10) for 7 d. Digesta fluids were examined for pH, acetate, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucose, and lactate, and plasma samples were analyzed for glucose, lactate, BHB, triglycerides, NEFA, creatinine, and urea. The microbiota of the digesta and mucosa samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. The α-diversity was higher in mucosa than digesta but was not affected by high ambient temperatures. However, the mucosa-associated microbiota appeared more responsive to ambient heat than the digesta microbiome. The adaptive responses under HS conditions comprised an increased mucosal abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae, Succinivibrionaceae UCG-001, Clostridia and Lactobacillus. In the digesta, HS has exerted effects on microbial abundance of Colidextribacter, and Lachnospiraceae UCG-008. Several correlations between plasma or intestinal metabolites and microbiota were elucidated, including Methanobacteriaceae correlating positively with plasma BHB and digesta glucose concentrations. Moreover, the reduction in feed intake during HS had non-negligible effects on microbial diversity and the abundance of certain taxa, underpinning the importance of nutrient supply on maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Female; Jejunum; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hot Temperature; Microbiota
PubMed: 38431250
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24242 -
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Feb 2018
Topics: Anastomosis, Surgical; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Esophagus; Humans; Jejunum
PubMed: 29362171
DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.09.026 -
Journal of Gastroenterology and... Apr 2021
Topics: COVID-19; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Dissection; Female; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; Gangrene; Humans; Jejunal Diseases; Jejunum; Mesenteric Ischemia; Middle Aged; Patient Readmission; SARS-CoV-2; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32985002
DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15254 -
Marine Drugs Jan 2021The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the dietary supplementation of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) on intestinal integrity, oxidative status, and the...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the dietary supplementation of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) on intestinal integrity, oxidative status, and the inflammation response with hydrogen peroxide (HO) challenge. In total, 30 rats were randomly assigned to three groups with 10 replications: CON group, basal diet; AS group, basal diet + 0.1% HO in drinking water; ASC group, basal diet + 200 mg/kg COS + 0.1% HO in drinking water. The results indicated that COS upregulated ( < 0.05) villus height (VH) of the small intestine, duodenum, and ileum; mucosal glutathione peroxidase activity; jejunum and ileum mucosal total antioxidant capacity; duodenum and ileum mucosal interleukin (IL)-6 level; jejunum mucosal tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α level; duodenum and ileum mucosal IL-10 level; the mRNA expression level of zonula occludens (ZO)-1 in the jejunum and ileum, claudin in the duodenum, nuclear factor-erythroid 2-like 2 in the jejunum, and heme oxygenase-1 in the duodenum and ileum; and the protein expression of ZO-1 and claudin in jejunum; however, it downregulated ( < 0.05) serum diamine oxidase activity and D-lactate level; small intestine mucosal malondialdehyde content; duodenum and ileum mucosal IL-6 level; jejunum mucosal TNF-α level; and the mRNA expression of IL-6 in the duodenum and jejunum, and TNF-α in the jejunum and ileum. These results suggested COS could maintain intestinal integrity under oxidative stress by modulating the intestinal oxidative status and release of inflammatory cytokines.
Topics: Animals; Chitosan; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum; Male; Oligosaccharides; Oxidative Stress; Protective Agents; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 33503912
DOI: 10.3390/md19020057 -
Archives of Toxicology Jun 2021Mycotoxin contamination in foods is a major risk factor for human and animal health due to its prevalence in cereals and their by-products. Deoxynivalenol (DON), mainly...
Mycotoxin contamination in foods is a major risk factor for human and animal health due to its prevalence in cereals and their by-products. Deoxynivalenol (DON), mainly produced by Fusarium genera, is the most common mycotoxin detected in cereal products. Deoxynivalenol disrupts intestinal barrier function and decreases protein levels of tight junction proteins (TJP). However, the overall mechanism by which DON regulates specific TJP turnover and epithelial cell integrity remains unclear. Herein, we show that DON (2 μM) decreases the protein stability and accelerates the degradation of TJP in the lysosome. Interestingly, pretreatment of cells with dynasore (a dynamin-dependent endocytosis inhibitor) protected against DON-induced degradation of claudin-3 and 4. Immunofluorescence analysis also shows that the decreased membrane presence of claudin-4 and ZO-1 induced by DON is reversible with dynamin inhibition, whereas the pretreatment with cytochalasin D (an actin-dependent endocytosis inhibitor) reverses the degradation of claudin-1 and 4 induced by DON. We also show that the endocytosis and degradation of claudin-1 is regulated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), whereas the endocytosis of claudin-4 and ZO-1 is mediated by c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK). Resveratrol, with JNK inhibitory activity, also prevents the endocytosis and degradation of claudin-4 and ZO-1 and protects against DON-induced decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and increase in FITC-dextran permeability. Collectively, this study, for the first time, shows that DON accelerates the endocytosis and degradation of TJP and this is regulated by the activation of p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways. Therefore, natural bioactive compounds with p38 MAPK and JNK inhibitory activities may be effective in preventing the DON-induced TJP disruption and preserve gut barrier function in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Endocytosis; Jejunum; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Permeability; Protein Stability; Swine; Tight Junction Proteins; Trichothecenes; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
PubMed: 33847777
DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03044-w -
Gastroenterology May 2018
Topics: Acanthocephala; Adult; Animals; Anisakiasis; DNA, Helminth; Diagnosis, Differential; Double-Balloon Enteroscopy; Helminthiasis; Humans; Jejunum; Male; Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 28823859
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.08.020 -
Annals of Surgical Oncology Jul 2019Given the few reports regarding the salvage methods for managing jejunal necrosis, finding candidates for a meta-analysis or systematic review is difficult. Thus, this...
INTRODUCTION
Given the few reports regarding the salvage methods for managing jejunal necrosis, finding candidates for a meta-analysis or systematic review is difficult. Thus, this study aimed to describe the interventions for jejunal necrosis and investigate important points relating to this condition.
METHODS
The interventions used to treat free jejunal necrosis are external fistula formation with jejunal debridement, secondary reconstruction of the local site, and overall status improvement, and re-free jejunal transfer with removal of the necrotic jejunum. Selecting the optimal procedure for each patient depends on the following factors. First, patients must have a good overall status to be able to endure re-free jejunal transfer, and next, the procedure is also dependent on local factors, including the intensity of the infections of the postoperative wound.
RESULTS
One of the most common factors of jejunal necrosis is necrosis due to blood flow deficiency of the transferred tissue. However, among jejunal necrotic cases, some patients had no blood circulation disorder. We inferred that a non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia like occurred in the transferred jejunum, and also considered patients' overall status and necrotic association. Thus, patients who underwent re-free jejunal transfer are at an increased risk of experiencing re-necrosis. Based on these findings, we designed a jejunal necrosis algorithm.
CONCLUSIONS
Early debridement and re-free jejunal transfer are optimal treatment options for patients with early-stage jejunal necrosis. Because re-jejunum transfer is a possible state after necrosis, it was thought that coping was the most important aspect of detection at an early stage.
Topics: Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagectomy; Humans; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms; Jejunum; Necrosis; Pharyngectomy; Prognosis; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Salvage Therapy
PubMed: 30989496
DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-07348-1 -
Acta Radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden :... Dec 2014Percutaneous transhepatic biliary interventions are not without risk and potential complications. In patients with bilioenteric anastomosis in whom repeat biliary... (Review)
Review
Percutaneous transhepatic biliary interventions are not without risk and potential complications. In patients with bilioenteric anastomosis in whom repeat biliary interventions are expected, percutaneous transjejunal access is a very useful approach that is not frequently used nowadays. We provide a brief review of the history, indications, and current status of transjejunal biliary interventions. Transjejunal biliary access provides a relatively atraumatic pathway to the biliary system in patients that need repeat interventions. Multiple studies have provided convincing data that in appropriately chosen patients receiving a bilioenteric anastomosis, an antecolic limb of jejunum should be placed for subsequent access in biliary intervention.
Topics: Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y; Biliary Tract Diseases; Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures; Humans; Jejunum
PubMed: 24316661
DOI: 10.1177/0284185113515476