-
Journal of Animal Science Aug 2020The purpose of the present study was to discover the effects of iron on the intestinal development and epithelial maturation of suckling piglets. Twenty-seven newborn...
The purpose of the present study was to discover the effects of iron on the intestinal development and epithelial maturation of suckling piglets. Twenty-seven newborn male piglets from 9 sows (3 piglets per sow), with similar body weight, were selected. The 3 piglets from the same sow were randomly divided into 1 of the 3 groups. The piglets were orally administrated with 2 mL of normal saline (CON group) or with 25 mg of iron by ferrous sulfate (OAFe group; dissolved in normal saline) on the 2nd, 7th, 12th, and 17th day, respectively, or intramuscularly injected with 100 mg of iron by iron dextran (IMFe group) on the 2nd day. The slaughter was performed on the 21st day and intestinal samples were collected. Compared with the CON group, iron supplementation significantly increased the length (P < 0.001), weight (P < 0.001), relative weight (P < 0.001), and the length:weight ratio (P < 0.001) of the small intestine in both OAFe and IMFe groups. The villus height (P < 0.001), crypt depth (CD) (P < 0.001), villus width (P = 0.002), and surface area (P < 0.001) in the jejunum of IMFe and OAFe piglets were also greater than those in CON piglets. The mRNA expression of trehalase (Treh; P = 0.002) and sucrase isomaltase (Sis; P = 0.043), markers of epithelial maturation, increased in OAFe and IMFe piglets, respectively. Moreover, enterocyte vacuolization, observed in fetal-type enterocyte, was reduced in OAFe and IMFe piglets, compared with CON piglets. However, no significant difference in the expression of the target genes of wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was observed. The results indicated that both oral administration and intramuscular injection with iron promoted intestinal development and epithelial maturation in suckling piglets and that the effects of iron may be independent of wnt/β-catenin signaling.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Dietary Supplements; Epithelium; Female; Injections, Intramuscular; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Iron; Jejunum; Male; Random Allocation; Swine
PubMed: 32756964
DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa213 -
The American Surgeon Mar 2022Gastroschisis is a rare congenital abdominal wall defect characterized by intestinal evisceration to the right of the umbilical stalk. In less than 6% of cases, the...
Gastroschisis is a rare congenital abdominal wall defect characterized by intestinal evisceration to the right of the umbilical stalk. In less than 6% of cases, the fascial defect closes around the herniated viscera in utero. The mechanism of fascial closure in these cases is unknown; however, the tourniquet effect on the mesenteric vasculature is thought to lead to intestinal atresia and midgut infarction. We report a case of a female neonate with a prenatal diagnosis of gastroschisis who was found to have a closed defect at the time of delivery. She required emergent operation for symptoms of intestinal obstruction and bowel ischemia.
Topics: Colon; Female; Gastroschisis; Humans; Ileum; Infant, Newborn; Jejunum; Prenatal Diagnosis
PubMed: 34170750
DOI: 10.1177/00031348211029875 -
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Jul 2015Surgically altered pancreaticobiliary anatomy increases the difficulty of performing ERCP. Single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) is a relatively new technique that can be... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Surgically altered pancreaticobiliary anatomy increases the difficulty of performing ERCP. Single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) is a relatively new technique that can be used for ERCP in patients with surgically altered anatomy.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the therapeutic and diagnostic success of SBE-ERCP among patients with surgically altered anatomy.
DESIGN/SETTING
Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies involving SBE-ERCP in patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, hepaticojejunostomy, or Whipple procedure. Enteroscopy success was defined as success in reaching the papilla and/or biliary anastomosis by using SBE. Diagnostic success was defined as obtaining a cholangiogram. Procedural success was defined as the ability to provide successful intervention, if appropriate. A random-effects model was used.
RESULTS
A total of 461 patients underwent SBE-ERCP from 15 trials. The pooled enteroscopy, diagnostic, and procedural success rates were 80.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 75.3%-86.4%), 69.4% (95% CI, 61.0%-77.9%), and 61.7% (95% CI, 52.9%-70.5%), respectively. There was statistical large heterogeneity for enteroscopy, diagnostic, and therapeutic success (P < .001 for all). Adverse events occurred in 6.5% (95% CI, 4.7%-9.1%) of patients. There was no evidence of publication bias in this meta-analysis.
LIMITATIONS
Our findings and interpretations are limited by the quantity and heterogeneity of the studies included in the analysis.
CONCLUSION
SBE-ERCP has high diagnostic and procedural success rates in this challenging patient population. It should be considered a first-line intervention when biliary access is required after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, hepaticojejunostomy, or Whipple procedure.
Topics: Anastomosis, Surgical; Bile Ducts; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Gastric Bypass; Humans; Jejunum; Liver; Models, Statistical; Pancreaticoduodenectomy
PubMed: 25922248
DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2015.02.013 -
BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology Sep 2016Statins are used for treatment of hypercholestremia. Common adverse reports associated with use of statins are generalized bodyache, rhabdomyolysis, muscles weakness and...
BACKGROUND
Statins are used for treatment of hypercholestremia. Common adverse reports associated with use of statins are generalized bodyache, rhabdomyolysis, muscles weakness and gastrointestinal disorders. The current work is an attempt to explain how smooth muscles of gastrointestinal tissues are affected by the current statins (Simvastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin and rosuvastatin).
METHODS
Effects of the current statins were studied on spontaneous activity of isolated rabbits' jejunal preparations. Different molar concentrations (10(-12)-10(-2)M) of the statins were applied on spontaneously contracting rabbits' jejunal preparations. As statins relaxed spontaneous activity, so we tested the statins on KCl (80 mM) induced contractions in similar test concentrations. Positive relaxant statins were tested again through construction of Calcium Concentration Response Curves (CCRCs) in the absence and presence of the statins using verapamil, a standard calcium channel blocker. CCRCs of statins were compared with CCRCs of verapamil.
RESULTS
Simvastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin and rosuvastatin relaxed the spontaneous and KCl-induced contractions. IC50 for simvastatin on spontaneous rabbit's jejunal preparations is -5.08 ± 0.1 Log 10 M. Similarly, IC50 for KCl-induced contractions is -4.25 ± 0.01 Log 10 M. Mean IC50 (Log 10 M) for atorvastatin on spontaneous rabbit's jejunal preparations and KCl-induced contractions are -5.19 ± 0.07 and -4.37 ± 0.09, respectively. Fluvastatin relaxed spontaneous activity of rabbits' jejunal preparations with an IC50 (Log 10 M) -4.5 ± 0.03. Rosuvastatin relaxed spontaneous as well as KCl (80 mM) induced contractions with respective IC50 (Log 10 M) -3.62 ± 0.04 and -4.57 ± 0.06. In case of CCRCs, tissues pre-treated with 4.6 μg/ml of simvastatin, have IC50 = -1.84 ± 0.03 [log (Ca(++)) M] vs control IC50 = -2.54 ± 0.04 [log (Ca(++)) M]. Similarly, atorvastatin, fluvastatin and rosuvastatin produced significant right shift in IC50 for CCRCs (P ≤ 0.05). In case of verapamil, IC50 for control curves is -2.45 ± 0.06 [log (Ca (++)) M], while IC50 in presence of verapamil (0.1 μM) is -1.69 ± 0.05 [log (Ca (++)) M]. Statins produced right shift in the IC50 of CCRCs. The effects of statins are like that of effects of verapamil, a standard calcium channel blocker.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that current statins have calcium antagonistic effects that act on voltage gated calcium channels that may provide a rationale for cause muscle weakness and gastrointestinal disorders.
Topics: Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum; Male; Muscle Relaxation; Rabbits
PubMed: 27649899
DOI: 10.1186/s40360-016-0086-5 -
Poultry Science Nov 2020As a constituent of animal cells, myo-inositol (MI) has been hypothesized to be crucial in several metabolic and regulatory pathways. Recently, it was shown that dietary...
As a constituent of animal cells, myo-inositol (MI) has been hypothesized to be crucial in several metabolic and regulatory pathways. Recently, it was shown that dietary phytase contributes to release of MI from phytate in the poultry digestive tract, increasing its systemic concentrations. This study investigated the activities of phosphatases in the jejunum and systemic plasma MI concentration in broilers not supplemented or supplemented with phytase through analyses based on modifications from commercial enzyme activity kits. Three hundred sixty male Ross 308 broilers were randomly allocated to 24 pens (15 birds per pen) in 4 dietary groups. The positive control group was fed with an adequate basal diet. The negative control group (NC) was fed with a reduced level of P and Ca. Groups Phy1500 and Phy3000 were fed with the NC diet plus 1,500 or 3,000 FTU of phytase per kilogram of feed, respectively. One bird per pen was selected for the measurement of jejunal phosphatase activity; MI concentration in plasma, the liver, and the kidney; and key MI enzyme concentrations (liver inositol monophosphatase 1 [IMPase 1] and kidney myo-inositol oxygenase [MIOX]). Endogenous phytase and alkaline phosphatase activity as well as IMPase 1 and MIOX expression were not statistically different among the dietary groups. The supplementation of 1500 FTU of phytase per kilogram of feed resulted in increase of plasma (P < 0.001) and kidney (P < 0.05) but not liver MI concentrations. The results indicated that systemic MI might reflect MI released from dietary sources; however, it did not appear to change expression of enzymes related to endogenous MI synthesis in the liver and catabolism in the kidney. New and larger studies are necessary to reach stronger evidence on the effects of dietary phytase on intestinal and systemic MI concentrations in broilers.
Topics: 6-Phytase; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Chickens; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Inositol; Jejunum; Male; Random Allocation
PubMed: 33142514
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.045 -
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Jan 2023This study evaluated clinical and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of long-segment supercharged pedicled jejunal (SPJ) interposition after implementation of a dedicated...
BACKGROUND
This study evaluated clinical and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of long-segment supercharged pedicled jejunal (SPJ) interposition after implementation of a dedicated multidisciplinary pathway and technical refinements.
METHODS
This study was a 6-year review of consecutive patients who underwent complex esophageal reconstruction with SPJ interposition. Clinical data were abstracted, and PRO data were collected prospectively by using the Upper Digestive Disease mobile application (UDD App). This standardized questionnaire comprised domains for mental and physical health, pain, dysphagia, reflux, hypoglycemia dumping, and gastrointestinal dumping symptoms. Operative refinements were comprehensively established by 2018.
RESULTS
A total of 19 patients were included in the study, 15 of whom had a history of esophageal malignant disease and neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Most patients (18; 95%) underwent delayed reconstruction after diversion. There was no 90-day mortality or flap loss. Most patients (18; 95%) achieved an enteral diet. Seven patients (37%) experienced early complications (<90 days) requiring procedural intervention. The incidence of any medical or surgical complication was similar in the earlier (2015-2017) and late (2018-2020) cohorts, but aspiration events, surgical site infections, anastomotic leak rates, and median hospital stay (reduced from 15 days [IQR, 10-21 days] to 9 days [IQR, 9-13 days]) improved in the contemporary cohort. PRO data were collected in 14 of 15 (93%) living patients. Severe symptoms in at least 1 domain were reported by most patients (11; 79%) and improved over time.
CONCLUSIONS
Dedicated care pathways allow standardization of complex procedures, and targeted modifications may optimize recovery and patient outcomes. This cohort of patients may report severe symptoms that require ongoing monitoring and intervention.
Topics: Humans; Esophagectomy; Esophageal Diseases; Jejunum; Anastomosis, Surgical; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35718204
DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2022.05.048 -
BMC Microbiology Jun 2020Dietary intervention has been reported to improve intestinal health. The intestinal microbiota of newborn animals plays a fundamental role in the development of...
BACKGROUND
Dietary intervention has been reported to improve intestinal health. The intestinal microbiota of newborn animals plays a fundamental role in the development of intestinal function and the innate immune system. However, little is currently known about dietary interventions in the gut microbiota and barrier function of livestock, especially suckling Bamei piglets. To this end, we studied the effect of early dietary supplementation on intestinal bacterial communities and intestinal barrier function in piglets.
RESULTS
10 purebred Bamei sows were randomly allocated into two groups. In group one, the piglets received a supplementary milk replacer on day 7 of age, whereas the other control group was allowed sow's milk alone. At 21 days, 18 and 17, respectively, piglets in each group of average weight were randomly selected and sacrificed. Tissue and digesta samples were collected from the jejunum to evaluate differences in the microbiome-metabolome and the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines (TLR4, TNFα and IL-8) and barrier proteins (ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-1). Sequencing of 16S rRNA revealed that ES improved the gut microbiome composition of Bamei suckling piglets. The relative abundances of some bacterial species such as Lactobacillales, Romboutsia, Actinobacillus, Bacteroides were significantly reduced in the ES group. Metabolomics analysis indicated that 23 compounds were enriched and 35 compounds decreased in the ES group. And correlation analysis demonstrated that some gut bacterial genera were highly correlated with altered gut microbiota-related metabolites. Meanwhile, ES of Bamei suckling piglets altered the gene expression of inflammatory cytokine and barrier protein in the jejunum.
CONCLUSIONS
In summary, these results provide important insights on the relationships between jejunal microbiota and related metabolites, and jejunal barrier function during the early life of Bamei suckling piglets.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Bacteria; Chromatography, Liquid; Cytokines; Dietary Supplements; Gene Expression Regulation; Immunity, Innate; Jejunum; Mass Spectrometry; Metabolomics; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Random Allocation; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Swine
PubMed: 32552686
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01847-y -
Physiological Measurement Feb 2018Trans-intestinal bioimpedance measurements have previously been used to investigate changes in electrical parameters during 6 h of ischemia in the small intestine....
OBJECTIVE
Trans-intestinal bioimpedance measurements have previously been used to investigate changes in electrical parameters during 6 h of ischemia in the small intestine. Knowledge is lacking regarding the time course of trans-intestinal bioimpedance parameters during reperfusion. As reperfusion is an important part in the clinical treatment of intestinal ischemia, we need to know how it affects the bioimpedance measurements.
APPROACH
We performed bioimpedance measurements, using a two-electrode setup on selected segments of the jejunum in 15 pigs. A controlled voltage signal was applied while measuring the resulting current. In each pig, five or six 30 cm segments of the jejunum were made ischemic by clamping the mesenteric arteries and veins creating segments with ischemia from 1-16 h duration. Reperfusion was initiated at selected time intervals of ischemia, and measured for 5-15 h afterwards.
MAIN RESULTS
The tan δ parameter (loss tangent) was different (p < 0.016) comparing ischemic and control tissue for the duration of the experiment (16 h). Comparing the control tissue 30 cm from the ischemic area with the control tissue 60 cm from the ischemic tissue, we found that the mean tan δ amplitude in the frequency range (3900-6300 Hz) was significantly higher (p < 0.036) in the proximal control after 10 h of experiment duration. After reperfusion, the time development of tanδm (loss tangent maximum over a frequency range) amplitude and frequency overlapped and periodically increased above the tanδm in the ischemic intestine. Dependent on the ischemic duration pre-reperfusion, the initial increase in tan δ stabilizes or increases drastically over time, compared to the tan δ amplitude of the ischemic tissue.
SIGNIFICANCE
As during ischemia, the electrical parameters during reperfusion also follow a characteristic time-course, depending on the ischemic exposure before pre-reperfusion. The temporal changes in electrical parameters during small intestinal ischemia followed by reperfusion provides important information for assessment of tissue injury.
Topics: Animals; Electric Impedance; Female; Ischemia; Jejunum; Male; Reperfusion; Swine; Tissue Survival
PubMed: 29303488
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aaa576 -
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine... Apr 2015To observe the effects of acupuncture on motility of jejunum and distal colon at different acupoints on normal Kunming mice.
OBJECTIVE
To observe the effects of acupuncture on motility of jejunum and distal colon at different acupoints on normal Kunming mice.
METHODS
The jejunal and colorectal motor activity of forty Kunming mice were recorded by the intra-intestinal capsule. The capsules contained with distilled water were placed into the cavities of jejunum and distal colon. The changes of bowel were compared with the background activity recorded before any stimulation. The chosen acupoints were as follows: Zusanli (ST 36) on the lower legs, Tianshu (ST 25) on the mid-lower abdomen.
RESULTS
Manual acupuncture (MA) at Zusanli (ST 36) significantly promoted the motility of jejunum and distal colon (manifested as increased change rate of average amplitude and increased change rate of mean area under the contractile curve) of normal Kunming mice (P < 0.01). MA at Tianshu (ST 25) significantly inhibited the motility of jejunum (manifested as decreased change rate of average amplitude, decreased change rate of mean area under the contractile curve, and the reduced frequency) of normal Kunming mice (P < 0.01), while significantly increased the distal colonic motility (manifested as increased amplitude and increased mean area under the contractile curve) of normal Kunming mice (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
MA at specific acupoints [Zusanli (ST 36), Tianshu (ST 25)] has different effects on the motility of jejunum and distal colon, which might involve the segmental innervations of the related nerve.
Topics: Acupuncture Points; Acupuncture Therapy; Animals; Colon; Female; Gastrointestinal Motility; Jejunum; Male; Mice
PubMed: 25975058
DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(15)30033-9 -
Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue Jul 2022The establishment of a nutritional pathway is the premise and basis of nutritional therapy for patients with malignant tumor. The nasogastric tube, nasoenteric tube, and...
The establishment of a nutritional pathway is the premise and basis of nutritional therapy for patients with malignant tumor. The nasogastric tube, nasoenteric tube, and percutaneous endoscopic gastric/jejunostomy are commonly used clinical pathways for enteral nutrition (EN) therapy. However, these EN pathways are often difficult to establish in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice (MOJ) with pyloric or duodenum primary obstruction. For this reason, a new type biliary-intestinal nutrient tube placed through percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography drainage (PTCD) pathway was designed by the medical staff of hepatobiliary surgery department of Yinchuan First People's Hospital, and National Utility Model Patent of China were obtained (ZL 2020 2 0283951.5, ZL 2020 2 0288938.9). The new biliary-intestinal nutrient tube has two types: double-lumen tube and single-lumen tube, which consists of tube head, tube body, tail ring and developing ring. The double lumen tube realizes bile internal drainage and EN simultaneously through the double lumen structure of the tube body. The single-lumen tube is used for nutrient infusion after bile duct metal stent implantation, which is not limited by the type of nutrient solution. The tail ring of the two types of nutrient tube is placed in the upper jejunum to reduce retrograde infection and unexpected extubation. Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of simple structure, reasonable design, safe and effective placement through PTCD pathway, and opens up a new EN path for MOJ patients.
Topics: China; Drainage; Enteral Nutrition; Equipment Design; Humans; Jejunum
PubMed: 36100418
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121430-20220110-00036