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Foot and Ankle Clinics Mar 2015Anterior ankle arthroscopy is a useful, minimally invasive technique for diagnosing and treating ankle conditions. Arthroscopic treatment offers the benefit of decreased... (Review)
Review
Anterior ankle arthroscopy is a useful, minimally invasive technique for diagnosing and treating ankle conditions. Arthroscopic treatment offers the benefit of decreased surgical morbidity, less postoperative pain, and earlier return to activities. Indications for anterior ankle arthroscopy continue to expand, including ankle instability, impingement, management of osteochondritis dissecans, synovectomy, and loose body removal. Anterior ankle arthroscopy has its own set of inherent risks and complications. Surgeons can decrease the risk of complications through mastery of ankle anatomy and biomechanics, and by careful preoperative planning and meticulous surgical technique.
Topics: Ankle Injuries; Ankle Joint; Arthroscopy; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Joint Capsule; Radiography; Surgical Wound Infection
PubMed: 25726482
DOI: 10.1016/j.fcl.2014.10.001 -
Seminars in Immunopathology Jun 2017Structural damage of cartilage and bone tissue is a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The resulting joint destruction constitutes one of the major disease... (Review)
Review
Structural damage of cartilage and bone tissue is a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The resulting joint destruction constitutes one of the major disease consequences for patients and creates a significant burden for the society. The main cells executing bone and cartilage degradation are osteoclasts and fibroblast-like synoviocytes, respectively. The function of both cell types is heavily influenced by the immune system. In the last decades, research has identified several mediators of structural damage, ranging from infiltrating immune cells and inflammatory cytokines to autoantibodies. These factors result in an inflammatory milieu in the affected joints which leads to an increased development and function of osteoclasts and the transformation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes towards a highly migratory and destructive phenotype. In addition, repair mechanisms mediated by osteoblasts and chondrocytes are strongly impaired by the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This article will review the current knowledge on the mechanisms of joint inflammation and the destruction of bone and cartilage.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoantibodies; Bone and Bones; Cartilage; Chondrocytes; Cytokines; Fibroblasts; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Joint Capsule; Osteoclasts
PubMed: 28597065
DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0634-0 -
Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology Dec 2023The aim of the work described here was to investigate the efficacy and potential mechanisms of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) for the treatment of arthrogenic...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the work described here was to investigate the efficacy and potential mechanisms of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) for the treatment of arthrogenic contracture induced by immobilization in rabbits.
METHODS
The left knee joint of rabbits was immobilized for 6 wk to establish the model of extending knee joint contracture. The rabbits were divided into a control group (C), a group immobilized for 6 wk (IM-6w), a group remobilized for 1 wk (RM-1w), a group subjected to LIPUS intervention for 1 wk (LIPUS-1w), a group remobilized for 2 wk (RM-2w) and a group subjected to LIPUS intervention for 2 wk (LIPUS-2w). The degrees of arthrogenic contracture and joint capsule fibrosis were assessed, as were the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation status of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in the joint capsule.
RESULTS
After immobilization for 6 wk, the degrees of arthrogenic contracture and joint capsule fibrosis increased. The ROS level increased, as evidenced by an increase in malondialdehyde content and a decrease in superoxide dismutase content. In addition, the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway was significantly activated. The degrees of knee joint contracture increased in the first week after remobilization and decreased in the second week. Furthermore, joint capsule fibrosis continued to develop during the 2 wk of remobilization, and the ROS level increased, while the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway was significantly activated. LIPUS effectively reduced the level of ROS in the joint capsule, which further inhibited activation of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway, thereby improving joint capsule fibrosis and reducing arthrogenic contracture.
CONCLUSION
The high ROS levels and overactivation of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway may be reasons why immobilization induces knee joint capsule fibrosis. LIPUS can alleviate the degree of knee joint capsule fibrosis induced by immobilization by inhibiting the production of ROS and the activation of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.
Topics: Animals; Rabbits; Contracture; Fibrosis; Joint Capsule; Knee Joint; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Ultrasonic Waves; Smad Proteins
PubMed: 37714800
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2023.08.014 -
BMC Veterinary Research May 2021Capsulitis leads to the release of inflammatory mediators in the joint, causing capsular fibrosis and osteoarthritis (OA). Strain elastosonography (SE) measures the...
BACKGROUND
Capsulitis leads to the release of inflammatory mediators in the joint, causing capsular fibrosis and osteoarthritis (OA). Strain elastosonography (SE) measures the elasticity of tissue by evaluating its strain in operator-dependent deformation. The aims of the study were to assess the feasibility, repeatability, and reproducibility of SE for imaging the distal attachment of the joint capsule (DJC) of metacarpophalangeal joints in sound horses (Group S) and in horses with metacarpophalangeal OA (Group P) and to evaluate differences in the elastosonographic patterns of these horses. After a whole lameness examination, fore fetlock DJCs were assigned to Group S and Group P and were thereafter examined by two operators using SE. Qualitative (i.e., colour grading score) and semi-quantitative (i.e., elasticity index (EI) and strain ratio (SR)) methods were used to evaluate the elastograms. The inter-rater reliability (IRR), intraclass correlation coefficient (intra-CC) and interclass correlation coefficient (inter-CC) were used to compare colour grading scores and the repeatability and reproducibility of EI and SR outcomes. The same parameters were compared between groups. P < 0.05 indicated a significant finding.
RESULTS
Forty-one horses were included: 11 were in Group S and 30 were in Group P (16 with bilateral OA, 8 with left OA and 6 with right OA). IRR outcomes ranged from good to excellent. For transverse and longitudinal ultrasound scans, the colour grading score of Group S was significantly higher than the metacarpophalangeal DJCs of Group P. Both Inter-CC and intra-CC were higher in Group S than in Group P, with values always > 0.8. Significative differences in EI and SR were detected between groups and between Group S and the affected limb of Group P; values were lower in Group S than in Group P.
CONCLUSIONS
SE can be a useful technique for evaluating DJCs, with good repeatability and reproducibility. DJCs appear softer in sound horses.
Topics: Animals; Elasticity Imaging Techniques; Feasibility Studies; Female; Horse Diseases; Horses; Joint Capsule; Lameness, Animal; Male; Osteoarthritis; Prospective Studies; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 34051815
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02897-8 -
Is hip capsule morphology associated with hip pain in patients without another structural correlate?European Radiology Jul 2024The goals of this study were (i) to assess the association between hip capsule morphology and pain in patients without any other MRI abnormalities that would correlate...
OBJECTIVE
The goals of this study were (i) to assess the association between hip capsule morphology and pain in patients without any other MRI abnormalities that would correlate with pain and (ii) to investigate whether hip capsule morphology in hip pain patients is different from that of controls.
METHODS
In this study, 76 adults with hip pain who did not show any structural abnormalities on MRI and 46 asymptomatic volunteers were included. Manual segmentation of the anterior and posterior hip capsules was performed. Total and mean anterior hip capsule area, posterior capsule area, anterior-to-posterior capsule area ratio, and medial-to-lateral area ratio in the anterior capsule were quantified. Differences between the pain and control groups were evaluated using logistic regression models.
RESULTS
Patients with hip pain showed a significantly lower anterior-to-posterior area ratio as compared with the control group (p = 0.002). The pain group's posterior hip capsule area was significantly larger than that of controls (p = 0.001). Additionally, the ratio between the medial and lateral sections of the anterior capsule was significantly lower in the pain group (p = 0.004).
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with hip pain are more likely to have thicker posterior capsules and a lower ratio of the anterior-to-posterior capsule area and thinner medial anterior capsules with a lower ratio of the medial-to-lateral anterior hip capsule compartment, compared with controls.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT
During MRI evaluations of patients with hip pain, morphology of the hip capsule should be assessed. This study aims to be a foundation for future analyses to identify thresholds distinguishing normal from abnormal hip capsule measurements.
KEY POINTS
• Even with modern image modalities such as MRI, one of the biggest challenges in handling hip pain patients is finding a structural link for their pain. • Hip capsule morphologies that correlated with hip pain showed a larger posterior hip capsule area and a lower anterior-to-posterior capsule area ratio, as well as a smaller medial anterior capsule area with a lower medial-to-lateral anterior hip capsule ratio. • The hip capsule morphology is correlated with hip pain in patients who do not show other morphology abnormalities in MRI and should get more attention in clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Joint Capsule; Adult; Hip Joint; Middle Aged; Arthralgia; Case-Control Studies; Aged
PubMed: 38170264
DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10307-w -
Connective Tissue Research Mar 2022Several studies have used animal models to examine knee joint contracture; however, few reports detail the construction process of a knee joint contracture model in a...
AIMS
Several studies have used animal models to examine knee joint contracture; however, few reports detail the construction process of a knee joint contracture model in a mouse. The use of mouse models is beneficial, as genetically modified mice can be used to investigate the pathogenesis of joint contracture. Compared to others, mouse models are associated with a lower cost to evaluate therapeutic effects. Here, we describe a novel knee contracture mouse model by immobilization using external fixation.
METHODS
The knee joints of mice were immobilized by external fixation using a splint and tape. The passive extension range of motion (ROM), histological and immunohistochemical changes, and expression levels of fibrosis-related genes at 2 and 4 weeks were compared between the immobilized (Im group) and non-immobilized (Non-Im group) groups.
RESULTS
The extension ROM at 4 weeks was significantly lower in the Im group than in the Non-Im group (p < 0.01). At 2 and 4 weeks, the thickness and area of the joint capsule were significantly greater in the Im group than in the Non-Im group (p < 0.01 in all cases). At 2 weeks, the mRNA expression levels of the fibrosis-related genes, except for the , and the protein levels of cellular communication network factor 2 and vimentin in the joint capsule were significantly higher in the Im group (p < 0.01 in all cases).
CONCLUSION
This mouse model may serve as a useful tool to investigate the etiology of joint contracture and establish new treatment methods.
Topics: Animals; Contracture; Disease Models, Animal; External Fixators; Fibrosis; Fracture Fixation; Immobilization; Joint Capsule; Knee Joint; Mice
PubMed: 33602048
DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2021.1892088 -
Journal of Biomechanical Engineering May 2022Low back pain (LBP) is frequently reported following rear impact collisions. Knowledge of how the facet joint capsule (FJC) mechanically behaves before and after rear...
Low back pain (LBP) is frequently reported following rear impact collisions. Knowledge of how the facet joint capsule (FJC) mechanically behaves before and after rear impact collisions may help explain LBP development despite negative radiographic evidence of gross tissue failure. This study quantified the Green strain tensor in the facet joint capsule during rotation and translation range-of-motion tests completed before and following an in vitro simulation of a rear impact collision. Eight FSUs (4 C3-C4, 4 C5-C6) were tested. Following a preload test, FSUs were flexed and extended at 0.5 deg/s until an ±8 N·m moment was achieved. Anterior and posterior joint translation was then applied at 0.2 mm/s until a target ±400 N shear load was imposed. Markers were drawn on the facet capsule surface and their coordinates were tracked during pre- and postimpact range-of-motion tests. Strain was defined as the change in point configuration relative to the determined neutral joint posture. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) observed in all calculated FJC strain components in rotation and translation before and after the simulated impact. Our results suggest that LBP development resulting from the initiation of strain-induced mechanoreceptors and nociceptors with the facet joint capsule is unlikely following a severe rear impact collision within the boundaries of physiological joint motion.
Topics: Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Cervical Vertebrae; Joint Capsule; Movement; Range of Motion, Articular; Swine; Zygapophyseal Joint
PubMed: 34897377
DOI: 10.1115/1.4053207 -
Clinical Rheumatology May 2024
Topics: Humans; Calcinosis; Osteoarthritis; Fingers; Joint Capsule
PubMed: 38502410
DOI: 10.1007/s10067-024-06941-4 -
The Journal of Family Practice Mar 2020Palpation of the knee yielded a key diagnostic sign. (Review)
Review
Palpation of the knee yielded a key diagnostic sign.
Topics: Adolescent; Arthralgia; Arthroscopy; Chronic Pain; Conservative Treatment; Disease Progression; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Joint Capsule; Knee Joint; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pain Measurement; Physical Examination; Range of Motion, Articular; Risk Assessment; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32182297
DOI: No ID Found -
Arthroscopy : the Journal of... Dec 2015Multidirectional shoulder instability responds to physical therapy and rehabilitation. For patients who fail rehabilitation, arthroscopic capsular plication seems the...
Multidirectional shoulder instability responds to physical therapy and rehabilitation. For patients who fail rehabilitation, arthroscopic capsular plication seems the treatment of choice.
Topics: Humans; Joint Capsule; Joint Instability; Shoulder Dislocation; Shoulder Joint
PubMed: 26652151
DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2015.09.007